The document provides information about the Radnoti Isolated Working Heart System including:
1) Key system components include a bubble trap, compliance chamber, heart chamber, oxygenating chamber, buffer reservoir, and peristaltic pump.
2) Basic operation procedures are described for priming the system, setting it up for constant pressure or constant flow modes in recirculating or non-recirculating configurations.
3) Selection of the donor heart, perfusion solution, and heart preparation methods are discussed to optimize use of the system for pharmacological and physiological experiments.
The document provides instructions for operating the Radnoti Isolated Working Heart System. It describes the key system components including the bubble trap, compliance chamber, high tech heart chamber, oxygenating chamber, and buffer reservoir. It then outlines the basic procedures for priming the system, setting it up in different flow modes including constant pressure non-recirculating, constant pressure recirculating, constant flow non-recirculating, constant flow recirculating, and working heart mode. Valves numbered 1-8 are used to control fluid flow through the different components in each mode.
The document describes the key components and basic operation procedures of the Radnoti Isolated Working Heart System. The system includes a bubble trap, compliance chamber, high tech heart chamber, oxygenating chamber, buffer reservoir, and peristaltic pump. It explains the usage of the numbered valves to direct perfusate flow through the different components in various modes like priming, constant pressure, constant flow, and working heart mode. The oxygenating chamber uses a condenser formed from linked spheres to provide maximal surface area for rewarming and reoxygenating the perfusate.
The document describes the key components and basic operation procedures of the Radnoti Isolated Working Heart System. The system includes a bubble trap, compliance chamber, high tech heart chamber, oxygenating chamber, buffer reservoir, and peristaltic pump. It explains the usage of the numbered valves to direct perfusate flow through the different components in various modes like priming, constant pressure, and working heart. The oxygenating chamber uses a condenser formed from linked spheres to provide maximal surface area for rewarming and reoxygenating the perfusate.
This document provides information about common control valve components and types. It discusses how positioners have advanced to take input from sensors, alter control functions, modify valve movements, and interface with communication systems. It then focuses on the most widely used control valve types for industrial fluids: globe valves, rotary valves like ball valves and butterfly valves, and their characteristics. Key factors in valve sizing like system definition, allowable pressure drop, valve characteristic, preliminary selection, and minimum flow are also covered.
The document discusses different types of valves and pumps used in pipelines. It describes plug cock valves, globe valves, gate valves, diaphragm valves, quick opening valves, and check valves. For pumps, it covers reciprocating pumps and their components. Reciprocating pumps work by using a piston inside a cylinder that moves back and forth to suck and discharge liquid. Rotary pumps are also discussed, specifically gear pumps which are a type of positive displacement rotary pump.
standard units | multi purpose unit | falling film absorberGoel Scientific
The liquid to be extracted is poured into an extraction vessel. Solvent is boiled in
a reboiler vessel and condensed in an overhead condenser, the condensed liquid
collecting in a reflux divider and passing through pipework to the extraction
vessel. The pipework incorporates valves in order that the solvent can enter the
extraction vessel at either the base of the top, depending on the relative
densities of the solvent and liquid to be extracted. The solvent and the extracted
liquid pass back to the reboiler and the process is repeated until the extraction is
complete. The extraction vessel is then drained and the solvent evaporated from
the reboiler vessel and collected in the extraction vessel enabling the two liquids
to be drained from their respective vessels.
This document discusses bore well pump maintenance and components. It lists the main parts of a bore well pump as the pump case, impellers, shaft & coupling, and check valve lock. It also lists head, shaft & coupling, impeller, and case end as common bore well pump parts used in pump assembly and maintenance.
The document provides instructions for operating the Radnoti Isolated Working Heart System. It describes the key system components including the bubble trap, compliance chamber, high tech heart chamber, oxygenating chamber, and buffer reservoir. It then outlines the basic procedures for priming the system, setting it up in different flow modes including constant pressure non-recirculating, constant pressure recirculating, constant flow non-recirculating, constant flow recirculating, and working heart mode. Valves numbered 1-8 are used to control fluid flow through the different components in each mode.
The document describes the key components and basic operation procedures of the Radnoti Isolated Working Heart System. The system includes a bubble trap, compliance chamber, high tech heart chamber, oxygenating chamber, buffer reservoir, and peristaltic pump. It explains the usage of the numbered valves to direct perfusate flow through the different components in various modes like priming, constant pressure, constant flow, and working heart mode. The oxygenating chamber uses a condenser formed from linked spheres to provide maximal surface area for rewarming and reoxygenating the perfusate.
The document describes the key components and basic operation procedures of the Radnoti Isolated Working Heart System. The system includes a bubble trap, compliance chamber, high tech heart chamber, oxygenating chamber, buffer reservoir, and peristaltic pump. It explains the usage of the numbered valves to direct perfusate flow through the different components in various modes like priming, constant pressure, and working heart. The oxygenating chamber uses a condenser formed from linked spheres to provide maximal surface area for rewarming and reoxygenating the perfusate.
This document provides information about common control valve components and types. It discusses how positioners have advanced to take input from sensors, alter control functions, modify valve movements, and interface with communication systems. It then focuses on the most widely used control valve types for industrial fluids: globe valves, rotary valves like ball valves and butterfly valves, and their characteristics. Key factors in valve sizing like system definition, allowable pressure drop, valve characteristic, preliminary selection, and minimum flow are also covered.
The document discusses different types of valves and pumps used in pipelines. It describes plug cock valves, globe valves, gate valves, diaphragm valves, quick opening valves, and check valves. For pumps, it covers reciprocating pumps and their components. Reciprocating pumps work by using a piston inside a cylinder that moves back and forth to suck and discharge liquid. Rotary pumps are also discussed, specifically gear pumps which are a type of positive displacement rotary pump.
standard units | multi purpose unit | falling film absorberGoel Scientific
The liquid to be extracted is poured into an extraction vessel. Solvent is boiled in
a reboiler vessel and condensed in an overhead condenser, the condensed liquid
collecting in a reflux divider and passing through pipework to the extraction
vessel. The pipework incorporates valves in order that the solvent can enter the
extraction vessel at either the base of the top, depending on the relative
densities of the solvent and liquid to be extracted. The solvent and the extracted
liquid pass back to the reboiler and the process is repeated until the extraction is
complete. The extraction vessel is then drained and the solvent evaporated from
the reboiler vessel and collected in the extraction vessel enabling the two liquids
to be drained from their respective vessels.
This document discusses bore well pump maintenance and components. It lists the main parts of a bore well pump as the pump case, impellers, shaft & coupling, and check valve lock. It also lists head, shaft & coupling, impeller, and case end as common bore well pump parts used in pump assembly and maintenance.
Introducing BoxLang : A new JVM language for productivity and modularity!Ortus Solutions, Corp
Just like life, our code must adapt to the ever changing world we live in. From one day coding for the web, to the next for our tablets or APIs or for running serverless applications. Multi-runtime development is the future of coding, the future is to be dynamic. Let us introduce you to BoxLang.
Dynamic. Modular. Productive.
BoxLang redefines development with its dynamic nature, empowering developers to craft expressive and functional code effortlessly. Its modular architecture prioritizes flexibility, allowing for seamless integration into existing ecosystems.
Interoperability at its Core
With 100% interoperability with Java, BoxLang seamlessly bridges the gap between traditional and modern development paradigms, unlocking new possibilities for innovation and collaboration.
Multi-Runtime
From the tiny 2m operating system binary to running on our pure Java web server, CommandBox, Jakarta EE, AWS Lambda, Microsoft Functions, Web Assembly, Android and more. BoxLang has been designed to enhance and adapt according to it's runnable runtime.
The Fusion of Modernity and Tradition
Experience the fusion of modern features inspired by CFML, Node, Ruby, Kotlin, Java, and Clojure, combined with the familiarity of Java bytecode compilation, making BoxLang a language of choice for forward-thinking developers.
Empowering Transition with Transpiler Support
Transitioning from CFML to BoxLang is seamless with our JIT transpiler, facilitating smooth migration and preserving existing code investments.
Unlocking Creativity with IDE Tools
Unleash your creativity with powerful IDE tools tailored for BoxLang, providing an intuitive development experience and streamlining your workflow. Join us as we embark on a journey to redefine JVM development. Welcome to the era of BoxLang.
Must Know Postgres Extension for DBA and Developer during MigrationMydbops
Mydbops Opensource Database Meetup 16
Topic: Must-Know PostgreSQL Extensions for Developers and DBAs During Migration
Speaker: Deepak Mahto, Founder of DataCloudGaze Consulting
Date & Time: 8th June | 10 AM - 1 PM IST
Venue: Bangalore International Centre, Bangalore
Abstract: Discover how PostgreSQL extensions can be your secret weapon! This talk explores how key extensions enhance database capabilities and streamline the migration process for users moving from other relational databases like Oracle.
Key Takeaways:
* Learn about crucial extensions like oracle_fdw, pgtt, and pg_audit that ease migration complexities.
* Gain valuable strategies for implementing these extensions in PostgreSQL to achieve license freedom.
* Discover how these key extensions can empower both developers and DBAs during the migration process.
* Don't miss this chance to gain practical knowledge from an industry expert and stay updated on the latest open-source database trends.
Mydbops Managed Services specializes in taking the pain out of database management while optimizing performance. Since 2015, we have been providing top-notch support and assistance for the top three open-source databases: MySQL, MongoDB, and PostgreSQL.
Our team offers a wide range of services, including assistance, support, consulting, 24/7 operations, and expertise in all relevant technologies. We help organizations improve their database's performance, scalability, efficiency, and availability.
Contact us: info@mydbops.com
Visit: https://www.mydbops.com/
Follow us on LinkedIn: https://in.linkedin.com/company/mydbops
For more details and updates, please follow up the below links.
Meetup Page : https://www.meetup.com/mydbops-databa...
Twitter: https://twitter.com/mydbopsofficial
Blogs: https://www.mydbops.com/blog/
Facebook(Meta): https://www.facebook.com/mydbops/
Discover the Unseen: Tailored Recommendation of Unwatched ContentScyllaDB
The session shares how JioCinema approaches ""watch discounting."" This capability ensures that if a user watched a certain amount of a show/movie, the platform no longer recommends that particular content to the user. Flawless operation of this feature promotes the discover of new content, improving the overall user experience.
JioCinema is an Indian over-the-top media streaming service owned by Viacom18.
Essentials of Automations: Exploring Attributes & Automation ParametersSafe Software
Building automations in FME Flow can save time, money, and help businesses scale by eliminating data silos and providing data to stakeholders in real-time. One essential component to orchestrating complex automations is the use of attributes & automation parameters (both formerly known as “keys”). In fact, it’s unlikely you’ll ever build an Automation without using these components, but what exactly are they?
Attributes & automation parameters enable the automation author to pass data values from one automation component to the next. During this webinar, our FME Flow Specialists will cover leveraging the three types of these output attributes & parameters in FME Flow: Event, Custom, and Automation. As a bonus, they’ll also be making use of the Split-Merge Block functionality.
You’ll leave this webinar with a better understanding of how to maximize the potential of automations by making use of attributes & automation parameters, with the ultimate goal of setting your enterprise integration workflows up on autopilot.
In our second session, we shall learn all about the main features and fundamentals of UiPath Studio that enable us to use the building blocks for any automation project.
📕 Detailed agenda:
Variables and Datatypes
Workflow Layouts
Arguments
Control Flows and Loops
Conditional Statements
💻 Extra training through UiPath Academy:
Variables, Constants, and Arguments in Studio
Control Flow in Studio
"$10 thousand per minute of downtime: architecture, queues, streaming and fin...Fwdays
Direct losses from downtime in 1 minute = $5-$10 thousand dollars. Reputation is priceless.
As part of the talk, we will consider the architectural strategies necessary for the development of highly loaded fintech solutions. We will focus on using queues and streaming to efficiently work and manage large amounts of data in real-time and to minimize latency.
We will focus special attention on the architectural patterns used in the design of the fintech system, microservices and event-driven architecture, which ensure scalability, fault tolerance, and consistency of the entire system.
Northern Engraving | Modern Metal Trim, Nameplates and Appliance PanelsNorthern Engraving
What began over 115 years ago as a supplier of precision gauges to the automotive industry has evolved into being an industry leader in the manufacture of product branding, automotive cockpit trim and decorative appliance trim. Value-added services include in-house Design, Engineering, Program Management, Test Lab and Tool Shops.
inQuba Webinar Mastering Customer Journey Management with Dr Graham HillLizaNolte
HERE IS YOUR WEBINAR CONTENT! 'Mastering Customer Journey Management with Dr. Graham Hill'. We hope you find the webinar recording both insightful and enjoyable.
In this webinar, we explored essential aspects of Customer Journey Management and personalization. Here’s a summary of the key insights and topics discussed:
Key Takeaways:
Understanding the Customer Journey: Dr. Hill emphasized the importance of mapping and understanding the complete customer journey to identify touchpoints and opportunities for improvement.
Personalization Strategies: We discussed how to leverage data and insights to create personalized experiences that resonate with customers.
Technology Integration: Insights were shared on how inQuba’s advanced technology can streamline customer interactions and drive operational efficiency.
Northern Engraving | Nameplate Manufacturing Process - 2024Northern Engraving
Manufacturing custom quality metal nameplates and badges involves several standard operations. Processes include sheet prep, lithography, screening, coating, punch press and inspection. All decoration is completed in the flat sheet with adhesive and tooling operations following. The possibilities for creating unique durable nameplates are endless. How will you create your brand identity? We can help!
GlobalLogic Java Community Webinar #18 “How to Improve Web Application Perfor...GlobalLogic Ukraine
Під час доповіді відповімо на питання, навіщо потрібно підвищувати продуктивність аплікації і які є найефективніші способи для цього. А також поговоримо про те, що таке кеш, які його види бувають та, основне — як знайти performance bottleneck?
Відео та деталі заходу: https://bit.ly/45tILxj
ScyllaDB is making a major architecture shift. We’re moving from vNode replication to tablets – fragments of tables that are distributed independently, enabling dynamic data distribution and extreme elasticity. In this keynote, ScyllaDB co-founder and CTO Avi Kivity explains the reason for this shift, provides a look at the implementation and roadmap, and shares how this shift benefits ScyllaDB users.
Dandelion Hashtable: beyond billion requests per second on a commodity serverAntonios Katsarakis
This slide deck presents DLHT, a concurrent in-memory hashtable. Despite efforts to optimize hashtables, that go as far as sacrificing core functionality, state-of-the-art designs still incur multiple memory accesses per request and block request processing in three cases. First, most hashtables block while waiting for data to be retrieved from memory. Second, open-addressing designs, which represent the current state-of-the-art, either cannot free index slots on deletes or must block all requests to do so. Third, index resizes block every request until all objects are copied to the new index. Defying folklore wisdom, DLHT forgoes open-addressing and adopts a fully-featured and memory-aware closed-addressing design based on bounded cache-line-chaining. This design offers lock-free index operations and deletes that free slots instantly, (2) completes most requests with a single memory access, (3) utilizes software prefetching to hide memory latencies, and (4) employs a novel non-blocking and parallel resizing. In a commodity server and a memory-resident workload, DLHT surpasses 1.6B requests per second and provides 3.5x (12x) the throughput of the state-of-the-art closed-addressing (open-addressing) resizable hashtable on Gets (Deletes).
"What does it really mean for your system to be available, or how to define w...Fwdays
We will talk about system monitoring from a few different angles. We will start by covering the basics, then discuss SLOs, how to define them, and why understanding the business well is crucial for success in this exercise.
AI in the Workplace Reskilling, Upskilling, and Future Work.pptxSunil Jagani
Discover how AI is transforming the workplace and learn strategies for reskilling and upskilling employees to stay ahead. This comprehensive guide covers the impact of AI on jobs, essential skills for the future, and successful case studies from industry leaders. Embrace AI-driven changes, foster continuous learning, and build a future-ready workforce.
Read More - https://bit.ly/3VKly70
The Department of Veteran Affairs (VA) invited Taylor Paschal, Knowledge & Information Management Consultant at Enterprise Knowledge, to speak at a Knowledge Management Lunch and Learn hosted on June 12, 2024. All Office of Administration staff were invited to attend and received professional development credit for participating in the voluntary event.
The objectives of the Lunch and Learn presentation were to:
- Review what KM ‘is’ and ‘isn’t’
- Understand the value of KM and the benefits of engaging
- Define and reflect on your “what’s in it for me?”
- Share actionable ways you can participate in Knowledge - - Capture & Transfer
"NATO Hackathon Winner: AI-Powered Drug Search", Taras KlobaFwdays
This is a session that details how PostgreSQL's features and Azure AI Services can be effectively used to significantly enhance the search functionality in any application.
In this session, we'll share insights on how we used PostgreSQL to facilitate precise searches across multiple fields in our mobile application. The techniques include using LIKE and ILIKE operators and integrating a trigram-based search to handle potential misspellings, thereby increasing the search accuracy.
We'll also discuss how the azure_ai extension on PostgreSQL databases in Azure and Azure AI Services were utilized to create vectors from user input, a feature beneficial when users wish to find specific items based on text prompts. While our application's case study involves a drug search, the techniques and principles shared in this session can be adapted to improve search functionality in a wide range of applications. Join us to learn how PostgreSQL and Azure AI can be harnessed to enhance your application's search capability.
QR Secure: A Hybrid Approach Using Machine Learning and Security Validation F...AlexanderRichford
QR Secure: A Hybrid Approach Using Machine Learning and Security Validation Functions to Prevent Interaction with Malicious QR Codes.
Aim of the Study: The goal of this research was to develop a robust hybrid approach for identifying malicious and insecure URLs derived from QR codes, ensuring safe interactions.
This is achieved through:
Machine Learning Model: Predicts the likelihood of a URL being malicious.
Security Validation Functions: Ensures the derived URL has a valid certificate and proper URL format.
This innovative blend of technology aims to enhance cybersecurity measures and protect users from potential threats hidden within QR codes 🖥 🔒
This study was my first introduction to using ML which has shown me the immense potential of ML in creating more secure digital environments!
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Introducing BoxLang : A new JVM language for productivity and modularity!Ortus Solutions, Corp
Just like life, our code must adapt to the ever changing world we live in. From one day coding for the web, to the next for our tablets or APIs or for running serverless applications. Multi-runtime development is the future of coding, the future is to be dynamic. Let us introduce you to BoxLang.
Dynamic. Modular. Productive.
BoxLang redefines development with its dynamic nature, empowering developers to craft expressive and functional code effortlessly. Its modular architecture prioritizes flexibility, allowing for seamless integration into existing ecosystems.
Interoperability at its Core
With 100% interoperability with Java, BoxLang seamlessly bridges the gap between traditional and modern development paradigms, unlocking new possibilities for innovation and collaboration.
Multi-Runtime
From the tiny 2m operating system binary to running on our pure Java web server, CommandBox, Jakarta EE, AWS Lambda, Microsoft Functions, Web Assembly, Android and more. BoxLang has been designed to enhance and adapt according to it's runnable runtime.
The Fusion of Modernity and Tradition
Experience the fusion of modern features inspired by CFML, Node, Ruby, Kotlin, Java, and Clojure, combined with the familiarity of Java bytecode compilation, making BoxLang a language of choice for forward-thinking developers.
Empowering Transition with Transpiler Support
Transitioning from CFML to BoxLang is seamless with our JIT transpiler, facilitating smooth migration and preserving existing code investments.
Unlocking Creativity with IDE Tools
Unleash your creativity with powerful IDE tools tailored for BoxLang, providing an intuitive development experience and streamlining your workflow. Join us as we embark on a journey to redefine JVM development. Welcome to the era of BoxLang.
Must Know Postgres Extension for DBA and Developer during MigrationMydbops
Mydbops Opensource Database Meetup 16
Topic: Must-Know PostgreSQL Extensions for Developers and DBAs During Migration
Speaker: Deepak Mahto, Founder of DataCloudGaze Consulting
Date & Time: 8th June | 10 AM - 1 PM IST
Venue: Bangalore International Centre, Bangalore
Abstract: Discover how PostgreSQL extensions can be your secret weapon! This talk explores how key extensions enhance database capabilities and streamline the migration process for users moving from other relational databases like Oracle.
Key Takeaways:
* Learn about crucial extensions like oracle_fdw, pgtt, and pg_audit that ease migration complexities.
* Gain valuable strategies for implementing these extensions in PostgreSQL to achieve license freedom.
* Discover how these key extensions can empower both developers and DBAs during the migration process.
* Don't miss this chance to gain practical knowledge from an industry expert and stay updated on the latest open-source database trends.
Mydbops Managed Services specializes in taking the pain out of database management while optimizing performance. Since 2015, we have been providing top-notch support and assistance for the top three open-source databases: MySQL, MongoDB, and PostgreSQL.
Our team offers a wide range of services, including assistance, support, consulting, 24/7 operations, and expertise in all relevant technologies. We help organizations improve their database's performance, scalability, efficiency, and availability.
Contact us: info@mydbops.com
Visit: https://www.mydbops.com/
Follow us on LinkedIn: https://in.linkedin.com/company/mydbops
For more details and updates, please follow up the below links.
Meetup Page : https://www.meetup.com/mydbops-databa...
Twitter: https://twitter.com/mydbopsofficial
Blogs: https://www.mydbops.com/blog/
Facebook(Meta): https://www.facebook.com/mydbops/
Discover the Unseen: Tailored Recommendation of Unwatched ContentScyllaDB
The session shares how JioCinema approaches ""watch discounting."" This capability ensures that if a user watched a certain amount of a show/movie, the platform no longer recommends that particular content to the user. Flawless operation of this feature promotes the discover of new content, improving the overall user experience.
JioCinema is an Indian over-the-top media streaming service owned by Viacom18.
Essentials of Automations: Exploring Attributes & Automation ParametersSafe Software
Building automations in FME Flow can save time, money, and help businesses scale by eliminating data silos and providing data to stakeholders in real-time. One essential component to orchestrating complex automations is the use of attributes & automation parameters (both formerly known as “keys”). In fact, it’s unlikely you’ll ever build an Automation without using these components, but what exactly are they?
Attributes & automation parameters enable the automation author to pass data values from one automation component to the next. During this webinar, our FME Flow Specialists will cover leveraging the three types of these output attributes & parameters in FME Flow: Event, Custom, and Automation. As a bonus, they’ll also be making use of the Split-Merge Block functionality.
You’ll leave this webinar with a better understanding of how to maximize the potential of automations by making use of attributes & automation parameters, with the ultimate goal of setting your enterprise integration workflows up on autopilot.
In our second session, we shall learn all about the main features and fundamentals of UiPath Studio that enable us to use the building blocks for any automation project.
📕 Detailed agenda:
Variables and Datatypes
Workflow Layouts
Arguments
Control Flows and Loops
Conditional Statements
💻 Extra training through UiPath Academy:
Variables, Constants, and Arguments in Studio
Control Flow in Studio
"$10 thousand per minute of downtime: architecture, queues, streaming and fin...Fwdays
Direct losses from downtime in 1 minute = $5-$10 thousand dollars. Reputation is priceless.
As part of the talk, we will consider the architectural strategies necessary for the development of highly loaded fintech solutions. We will focus on using queues and streaming to efficiently work and manage large amounts of data in real-time and to minimize latency.
We will focus special attention on the architectural patterns used in the design of the fintech system, microservices and event-driven architecture, which ensure scalability, fault tolerance, and consistency of the entire system.
Northern Engraving | Modern Metal Trim, Nameplates and Appliance PanelsNorthern Engraving
What began over 115 years ago as a supplier of precision gauges to the automotive industry has evolved into being an industry leader in the manufacture of product branding, automotive cockpit trim and decorative appliance trim. Value-added services include in-house Design, Engineering, Program Management, Test Lab and Tool Shops.
inQuba Webinar Mastering Customer Journey Management with Dr Graham HillLizaNolte
HERE IS YOUR WEBINAR CONTENT! 'Mastering Customer Journey Management with Dr. Graham Hill'. We hope you find the webinar recording both insightful and enjoyable.
In this webinar, we explored essential aspects of Customer Journey Management and personalization. Here’s a summary of the key insights and topics discussed:
Key Takeaways:
Understanding the Customer Journey: Dr. Hill emphasized the importance of mapping and understanding the complete customer journey to identify touchpoints and opportunities for improvement.
Personalization Strategies: We discussed how to leverage data and insights to create personalized experiences that resonate with customers.
Technology Integration: Insights were shared on how inQuba’s advanced technology can streamline customer interactions and drive operational efficiency.
Northern Engraving | Nameplate Manufacturing Process - 2024Northern Engraving
Manufacturing custom quality metal nameplates and badges involves several standard operations. Processes include sheet prep, lithography, screening, coating, punch press and inspection. All decoration is completed in the flat sheet with adhesive and tooling operations following. The possibilities for creating unique durable nameplates are endless. How will you create your brand identity? We can help!
GlobalLogic Java Community Webinar #18 “How to Improve Web Application Perfor...GlobalLogic Ukraine
Під час доповіді відповімо на питання, навіщо потрібно підвищувати продуктивність аплікації і які є найефективніші способи для цього. А також поговоримо про те, що таке кеш, які його види бувають та, основне — як знайти performance bottleneck?
Відео та деталі заходу: https://bit.ly/45tILxj
ScyllaDB is making a major architecture shift. We’re moving from vNode replication to tablets – fragments of tables that are distributed independently, enabling dynamic data distribution and extreme elasticity. In this keynote, ScyllaDB co-founder and CTO Avi Kivity explains the reason for this shift, provides a look at the implementation and roadmap, and shares how this shift benefits ScyllaDB users.
Dandelion Hashtable: beyond billion requests per second on a commodity serverAntonios Katsarakis
This slide deck presents DLHT, a concurrent in-memory hashtable. Despite efforts to optimize hashtables, that go as far as sacrificing core functionality, state-of-the-art designs still incur multiple memory accesses per request and block request processing in three cases. First, most hashtables block while waiting for data to be retrieved from memory. Second, open-addressing designs, which represent the current state-of-the-art, either cannot free index slots on deletes or must block all requests to do so. Third, index resizes block every request until all objects are copied to the new index. Defying folklore wisdom, DLHT forgoes open-addressing and adopts a fully-featured and memory-aware closed-addressing design based on bounded cache-line-chaining. This design offers lock-free index operations and deletes that free slots instantly, (2) completes most requests with a single memory access, (3) utilizes software prefetching to hide memory latencies, and (4) employs a novel non-blocking and parallel resizing. In a commodity server and a memory-resident workload, DLHT surpasses 1.6B requests per second and provides 3.5x (12x) the throughput of the state-of-the-art closed-addressing (open-addressing) resizable hashtable on Gets (Deletes).
"What does it really mean for your system to be available, or how to define w...Fwdays
We will talk about system monitoring from a few different angles. We will start by covering the basics, then discuss SLOs, how to define them, and why understanding the business well is crucial for success in this exercise.
AI in the Workplace Reskilling, Upskilling, and Future Work.pptxSunil Jagani
Discover how AI is transforming the workplace and learn strategies for reskilling and upskilling employees to stay ahead. This comprehensive guide covers the impact of AI on jobs, essential skills for the future, and successful case studies from industry leaders. Embrace AI-driven changes, foster continuous learning, and build a future-ready workforce.
Read More - https://bit.ly/3VKly70
The Department of Veteran Affairs (VA) invited Taylor Paschal, Knowledge & Information Management Consultant at Enterprise Knowledge, to speak at a Knowledge Management Lunch and Learn hosted on June 12, 2024. All Office of Administration staff were invited to attend and received professional development credit for participating in the voluntary event.
The objectives of the Lunch and Learn presentation were to:
- Review what KM ‘is’ and ‘isn’t’
- Understand the value of KM and the benefits of engaging
- Define and reflect on your “what’s in it for me?”
- Share actionable ways you can participate in Knowledge - - Capture & Transfer
"NATO Hackathon Winner: AI-Powered Drug Search", Taras KlobaFwdays
This is a session that details how PostgreSQL's features and Azure AI Services can be effectively used to significantly enhance the search functionality in any application.
In this session, we'll share insights on how we used PostgreSQL to facilitate precise searches across multiple fields in our mobile application. The techniques include using LIKE and ILIKE operators and integrating a trigram-based search to handle potential misspellings, thereby increasing the search accuracy.
We'll also discuss how the azure_ai extension on PostgreSQL databases in Azure and Azure AI Services were utilized to create vectors from user input, a feature beneficial when users wish to find specific items based on text prompts. While our application's case study involves a drug search, the techniques and principles shared in this session can be adapted to improve search functionality in a wide range of applications. Join us to learn how PostgreSQL and Azure AI can be harnessed to enhance your application's search capability.
QR Secure: A Hybrid Approach Using Machine Learning and Security Validation F...AlexanderRichford
QR Secure: A Hybrid Approach Using Machine Learning and Security Validation Functions to Prevent Interaction with Malicious QR Codes.
Aim of the Study: The goal of this research was to develop a robust hybrid approach for identifying malicious and insecure URLs derived from QR codes, ensuring safe interactions.
This is achieved through:
Machine Learning Model: Predicts the likelihood of a URL being malicious.
Security Validation Functions: Ensures the derived URL has a valid certificate and proper URL format.
This innovative blend of technology aims to enhance cybersecurity measures and protect users from potential threats hidden within QR codes 🖥 🔒
This study was my first introduction to using ML which has shown me the immense potential of ML in creating more secure digital environments!
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
Creative operations teams expect increased AI use in 2024. Currently, over half of tasks are not AI-enabled, but this is expected to decrease in the coming year. ChatGPT is the most popular AI tool currently. Business leaders are more actively exploring AI benefits than individual contributors. Most respondents do not believe AI will impact workforce size in 2024. However, some inhibitions still exist around AI accuracy and lack of understanding. Creatives primarily want to use AI to save time on mundane tasks and boost productivity.
Organizational culture includes values, norms, systems, symbols, language, assumptions, beliefs, and habits that influence employee behaviors and how people interpret those behaviors. It is important because culture can help or hinder a company's success. Some key aspects of Netflix's culture that help it achieve results include hiring smartly so every position has stars, focusing on attitude over just aptitude, and having a strict policy against peacocks, whiners, and jerks.
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024Neil Kimberley
PepsiCo provided a safe harbor statement noting that any forward-looking statements are based on currently available information and are subject to risks and uncertainties. It also provided information on non-GAAP measures and directing readers to its website for disclosure and reconciliation. The document then discussed PepsiCo's business overview, including that it is a global beverage and convenient food company with iconic brands, $91 billion in net revenue in 2023, and nearly $14 billion in core operating profit. It operates through a divisional structure with a focus on local consumers.
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)contently
This document provides an overview of content methodology best practices. It defines content methodology as establishing objectives, KPIs, and a culture of continuous learning and iteration. An effective methodology focuses on connecting with audiences, creating optimal content, and optimizing processes. It also discusses why a methodology is needed due to the competitive landscape, proliferation of channels, and opportunities for improvement. Components of an effective methodology include defining objectives and KPIs, audience analysis, identifying opportunities, and evaluating resources. The document concludes with recommendations around creating a content plan, testing and optimizing content over 90 days.
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024Albert Qian
The document provides guidance on preparing a job search for 2024. It discusses the state of the job market, focusing on growth in AI and healthcare but also continued layoffs. It recommends figuring out what you want to do by researching interests and skills, then conducting informational interviews. The job search should involve building a personal brand on LinkedIn, actively applying to jobs, tailoring resumes and interviews, maintaining job hunting as a habit, and continuing self-improvement. Once hired, the document advises setting new goals and keeping skills and networking active in case of future opportunities.
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
The document provides career advice for getting into the tech field, including:
- Doing projects and internships in college to build a portfolio.
- Learning about different roles and technologies through industry research.
- Contributing to open source projects to build experience and network.
- Developing a personal brand through a website and social media presence.
- Networking through events, communities, and finding a mentor.
- Practicing interviews through mock interviews and whiteboarding coding questions.
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentLily Ray
1. Core updates from Google periodically change how its algorithms assess and rank websites and pages. This can impact rankings through shifts in user intent, site quality issues being caught up to, world events influencing queries, and overhauls to search like the E-A-T framework.
2. There are many possible user intents beyond just transactional, navigational and informational. Identifying intent shifts is important during core updates. Sites may need to optimize for new intents through different content types and sections.
3. Responding effectively to core updates requires analyzing "before and after" data to understand changes, identifying new intents or page types, and ensuring content matches appropriate intents across video, images, knowledge graphs and more.
A brief introduction to DataScience with explaining of the concepts, algorithms, machine learning, supervised and unsupervised learning, clustering, statistics, data preprocessing, real-world applications etc.
It's part of a Data Science Corner Campaign where I will be discussing the fundamentals of DataScience, AIML, Statistics etc.
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
Here's my presentation on by proven best practices how to manage your work time effectively and how to improve your productivity. It includes practical tips and how to use tools such as Slack, Google Apps, Hubspot, Google Calendar, Gmail and others.
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
The six step guide to practical project management
If you think managing projects is too difficult, think again.
We’ve stripped back project management processes to the
basics – to make it quicker and easier, without sacrificing
the vital ingredients for success.
“If you’re looking for some real-world guidance, then The Six Step Guide to Practical Project Management will help.”
Dr Andrew Makar, Tactical Project Management
6. Close Valve 4 so
5 flow is stopped.
6
Priming the
Make sure Valve 2 is
open to vent air
displaced by initial
System
2
3
flow.
4
When Bubble Trap is 7
2/3 full close valve 2.
Close Valve 3 so
flow is stopped
Turn On Pump.
8
1
Open valve 1 so that
the flow is from the
reservoir to the pump
head.
7. Open Valve 4 so that 5
flow is passed 6
through the atrial
cannula.
2
3
4
7
Set Valve 8
so that flow
is directed to
drain.
8
1
8. Open Valve 5 to allow 5
air to vent. 6
Close valve 6.
Change Valve 4 so 2
that flow is Directed
3
up to the aortic
bubble trap.. 4
7
Close Valve 7 so that
the aortic bubble trap
can fill.
8
1
9. When bubble trap is 5
2/3 full, close vent 6
valve 5.
2
3
4
7
Open valve 7 and let
flow pass through the
aortic cannula and
out to waste.
8
1
10. Close
Open valve 6 so the flow 5 valve 6
is directed to the 6
oxygenating chamber
Once the line is primed
change valve 6 to direct
the flow back to the 2
reservoir.
3
4
7
Close valve 7
8
1
11. Open valve 3 so the flow is
5
directed to the oxygenating 6
chamber
Once the line is primed
change valve 3 to direct
the flow back to the 2
reservoir.
3
Close valve 3 4
7
Close valve 4
Turn off pump
8
1
13. Compliance loop is now
Use syringe to push a
primed Close vent
small air bubble into
the bubble trap
Direct Flow
from Aortic
Cannula to
compliance
bubble trap
14. 5
6
System is now ready for
the heart
2
3
4
7
8
1
17. Set valve 6 so the flow is 5 Open valve 5
going from the bubble 6
trap to the reservoir
System is now in Constant
Pressure Non-recirculating
2
Change Valve 4 so
that flow is Directed 3
up to the aortic 4
bubble trap 7
Open Valve 7
Turn on pump
8
1
19. Set valve 6 so the flow is going 5
from the bubble trap to the 6
oxygenating chamber
System is now in Constant
Pressure Recirculating
2
3
4
7
Set valve 8 so the flow is
going from the buffer
reservoir to the pump head
8
Set valve 1 so the flow 1
is from the
oxygenating chamber
to the pump head.
21. Open Valve 4 so that 5
flow is passed 6
through the atrial
cannula from the
atrial bubble trap.
System is now in Constant flow Non-
2
recirculating
3
4
7
Set valve 8 so the flow is
going from the buffer
reservoir to waste
8
1
Set valve 1 so the flow
is from the reservoir to
the pump head.
23. 5
6
System is now in Constant
Flow Recirculating
2
3
4
7
Set valve 8 so the flow is
going from the buffer
reservoir to the pump head
8
Set valve 1 so the flow 1
is from the
oxygenating chamber
to the pump head.
25. 5
6
System is now in Working
Heart Mode
2
3
4
7
Open Valve 7
Flow should now travel
up to the bubble trap
and out valve 6 to the
oxygenating chamber
8
1
28. The Radnoti Oxygenating chamber is configured as follows;
The upper chamber of the oxygenator is a condenser formed
from six linked spheres that provide maximal surface area for
re-warming and re-oxygenating the perfusate. Luer entry and
exit ports at the top and bottom permit the flow of solution
to the heart. An additional five Luer side ports can be used
for the entry and exit of oxygen, media overflow, perfusate
return (when in the working heart mode), as well as for
sampling or adding solutions. The lower end of the chamber
has a thermocouple port that permits monitoring of perfusate
temperature as well as a port for insertion of a pH probe to
monitor perfusate pH.
Please see the Radnoti digital cataolg on this CD or Visit the
Radnoti Web page at www.radnoti.com for accessories,
replacement parts and a wide range of isolated perfused organ
product.
Thank you for choosing Radnoti Glass Technology, Inc.
29. RADNOTI ISOLATED PERFUSED HEART
The isolated perfused heart system, as originated by Oscar Langendorff more than a century
ago1, has become a mainstay of pharmacological and physiological research. The system allows
the examination of cardiac inotropic, chronotropic and vascular effects without the
complications of an intact animal model. The original design has evolved to encompass both
constant pressure and constant flow models in both recirculating and non-recirculating modes,
as well as "working heart" models2,3. The Radnoti Model 1 perfused heart system has the
capacity to function in any of these configurations, allowing the researcher to have maximal
flexibility in experimental design. This capability is enhanced through the use of solid state
monitoring and recording technology combined with precision fabrication resulting in a
convenient, easy to use and easy to maintain package.
Basic Principles
During a normal cardiac contraction in a mammalian heart, the blood stored in the left ventricle
is ejected at a pressure of about 80-100mm Hg into the aorta. At the base of the aorta is an
ostium (hole) which feeds blood under this pressure into the coronary arteries. Langendorff
maintained the isolated heart through the use of a reservoir with a pressure head that was
connected via a tube to the aortic cannula. When the reservoir was opened, the perfusate was
forced through the ostia into the coronary bed. This is often termed as a retrograde perfusion, in
the sense that the perfusate flows down into the aorta rather than out the left ventricle through
the aorta, as blood does in situ. This system, and the constant flow system which uses a pump
to maintain a preset flow of perfusate into the aortic cannula, does not normally permit the heart
to generate pressure-volume work. A modern modification which permits the heart to both pump
fluid and utilize the normal left ventricular circulatory pathway is the "working" heart model
developed by Neely et al.2,3, in which the perfusate enters the cannulated left atria, passes
through to the left ventricle and is ejected out of the aorta.
30. Selection of the Donor Heart
To achieve the optimum use of the perfused heart system, it is imperative that the experimenter
give careful thought to the design of the experiment, the donor heart, its maintenance and
instrumentation. The selection of the heart is often based on the typical or unique response of the
donor organ to pharmacological or physiological stimuli or on selected metabolic or biochemical
events. The most common donors are rats, rabbits, guinea pigs, ferrets, hamsters, frogs and
goldfish. Note that in the latter two species there are no defined coronary vessels, merely a porous
ventricle and atria. Any of these donor hearts may be accommodated in the Radnoti apparatus by
the selection of appropriate cannulae.
31. Selection of Perfusion Solution
Once the donor heart is selected, the experimenter must then choose a media to maintain the heart.
All media will have to be aerated, as the oxygen consumption of most mammalian hearts is
considerable. Oxygen tension is normally kept about 550-600mm Hg at sea level to permit effective
delivery to cardiac tissues, since the solubility of oxygen in saline solutions is much lower than that of
blood. These elevated oxygen tensions are not needed when whole blood, washed erythrocytes,
hemoglobin or fluorinated hydrocarbons are used in the media. It is possible to use a donor animal as
a source and oxygenator of whole blood. The standard Radnoti system is designed primarily for the
use of saline solutions without cellular or proteinaceous components. The optional membrane
oxygenator can maintain adequate oxygen levels using erythrocytes but a conventional peristaltic
pump may damage them as they circulate.
If a system other than whole blood is used, the media must be buffered, either with the traditional
carbonate buffers such as Krebs-Henseleit, Locke's or Tyrode's or with variations of these formulas
using HEPES or MES buffers. Due to the reduced viscosity of blood-free media, the flow rates are
nearly twice as large as with whole blood. A substrate such as glucose (normally 5-10mM) is necessary
and, dependent on experimental designs, other substrates can be utilized, such as pyruvate, lactate,
fatty acids, amino acids, etc. The ionic components of the media are important and vary with the
species; potassium and calcium are the most variable and critical of the ions. Due to plasma protein
binding usually half or more of the total calcium in blood is bound, which is the reason for using
calcium levels of 1-1.5mM in perfusate compared to serum values of 2-2.5mM. It should be noted that
calcium phosphate or calcium carbonate microcrystals may form in the buffer prior to use. Finally, a
plasma expander such as dextran, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) or albumin may be used to maintain
oncotic pressure (normally about 8-25mM Hg). Without this adjustment, edema is significant4.
Temperature may be maintained from 4½C for cryogenic studies to 37½C or above for heat shock
studies. The cardiac electrical, contractile and metabolic activity and stability of the preparation are
dependent on the temperature selected.
32. Heart Preparation
The constant flow system requires the use of a pump to perfuse the heart at a rate set by the
experimenter. Once the flow is constant, syringe pumps can be used to conveniently titrate the heart
with drugs or other agents. Changes in coronary vessel diameter are manifested as a change in
perfusion pressure. This type of system is often used when the experimenter wishes to limit the
substrate or oxygen available to the heart as in experimental global or partial ischemia. The coronary
vessels can dilate or constrict, i.e. auto-regulate, but the total supply of oxygen and substrate is
controlled by the flow rate. In the constant pressure system, the pressure head is kept constant by
adjusting the reservoir level or through the use of a pump and overflow system. Changes in flow are
measured volumetrically, or with fraction collectors, electromagnetic flow probes, drop counters, etc.
In the constant pressure system, changes in vascular resistance can increase or decrease the supply
of oxygen and substrate supplied to the heart. In the working heart system, both the aorta and the left
atrium are cannulated and the atrial pressure (preload) and aortic resistance (afterload) are regulated
experimentally as the heart pumps liquid.
The experimenter may choose to have a non-recirculating (single pass) system or a recirculating
system. A single pass system is useful when the experimenter wishes to apply several agents in
sequence and then allow their effects to dissipate as the agent is washed out of the heart. This
approach is also useful when measuring the uptake or release of various drugs, neurotransmitters or
metabolites. A recirculating system is useful when it is necessary to reduce the total volume of
perfusate when utilizing expensive drugs or substrates. If recirculation continues for 15-30 minutes or
more, denatured protein released from the heart will accumulate in the perfusate2. The Radnoti
perfused heart system has removable filters placed in the circuit to remove this denatured protein
before it clogs the cardiac vessels and capillaries.
33. Cardiac Pacing
The experimenter must decide on whether the heart will be paced or allowed to beat spontaneously.
Pacing is used to maintain a standard contractile response and metabolic demand, while spontaneous
beating may permit the experimenter to measure changes in heart rate and rhythm that will occur
with various drugs or manipulations. To pace a heart, the stimulus rate must exceed the natural
cardiac pacemaker rate. Often the sinoatrial node is crushed or the right atrium excised to eliminate
the contribution of the primary intrinsic pacemaker. Pacing voltage is determined as a set percentage
(normally 110-150%) above the voltage required to capture (pace) the heart and should not have to
exceed 3-5 v, with a duration of 0.1-1 msec. Hearts may be paced using plunge electrodes inserted
into the cardiac tissue by running Teflon-coated wires into needles, exposing the tips of the wires and
bending the wires over the tips of the needles. The needles are then pushed into the heart and
withdrawn, leaving the wire embedded in the tissue. Another technique is to attach a single electrode
and use a stainless steel aortic cannula as a ground. The wire can be a fine gauge Teflon coated
stainless steel or platinum (obtainable at A-M systems, P.O. Box 850, Carlsborg, WA 98324). Various
other electrodes have been used, such as suction, wick and sewn-on contacts. Pacing may also be
used to induce arrhythmias in attempts to measure changes in fibrillation threshold5.
34. Measurement of Contractile Force
The simplest measurement of contractile force is made using a force transducer tied to the apex of
the heart with a pulley in between the heart and the transducer. In this system a measurable
amount of force is lost in a rotational motion as the heart contracts, which can be compensated
with a three-point mount6. Strain gauges may be sewn on the heart. A saline-filled balloon catheter
inserted into the left ventricle is often used to measure isovolumetric work7. Balloons should be
slightly larger than the maximum expanded volume of the ventricle to avoid effects of measuring
the resistance of the balloon to stretch. Balloons may be made of plastic wrap, condoms or latex
cast on models formed from the ventricle. The balloon is secured to a plastic or stainless steel tube
that is connected to a pressure transducer. The balloon may be inserted by passage through the
left atrium or by passing the catheter through the wall of the left ventricle for pressure
measurements. In this case, a one-way valve must be placed in the aortic cannula if the
intraventricular pressure exceeds the perfusion pressure. In the working heart model, contractile
function can be assessed by the initial ejection pressure at the aorta and the concomitant ability to
pump against an afterload as adjusted via the compliance chamber and/or reach a set ejection
pressure with a preload set by adjusting the height of the atrial reservoir. Pressure-volume work is
determined by the total volume of fluid ejected by the ventricle over time. In any of these cases, the
experimenter should determine the appropriate amount of resting force or pressure required to
maintain the heart on the ascending limb of the Starling curve and avoid overstretching the heart
muscle.
Other useful functions derived from contractile measurements include the first derivative, dP/dt, a
determinant of the rate of change of developed pressure and the integral of pressure as an index of
work. Heart rate can be monitored from force measurements or monitored independently with an
ECG amplifier.
35. Other Experimental Options
There are a great number of physiological parameters that can be measured in the perfused heart
preparation. Electro Cardiograms (ECG) are readily obtained using surface electrodes of monopolar or
bipolar construction and are of interest in studies involving arrhythmias. Microelectrodes implanted in
the surface myocytes can also be used for electrical measurements. Oxygen consumption can be
determined with dual oxygen electrodes, one placed in the perfusate stream entering the heart, the
other monitoring the effluent leaving the coronary sinus8. This effluent can be removed through the
use of a peristaltic pump and then transferred to the second oxygen electrode. Similarly, ion selective
electrodes can be placed in the effluent or perfusate stream or oxygenation chamber of the Radnoti
perfused heart apparatus, permitting measurement of pH and other cations and anions. Radiolabelled
compounds can be used for metabolic studies, the release or uptake of various ions or substrates.
Optical studies have been performed on the fluorescence of endogenous9 or exogenous fluorescent
compounds10.
36. Anesthesia and Cardiac Removal
1. Preparation of the Donor
The anesthetic(s) used will depend on the donor, potential problems with side effects in the
experimental protocol, the extent of the surgical procedures and the regulations of your Animal Care
and Use committee. The most common are barbiturates, such as nembutal or thiopental, ethyl ether
and common volatile surgical anesthetics, the latter two which can present potential personnel
hazards due to fire or intoxication. Due to the danger of an overdose of the anesthetic causing severe
or prolonged cardiac impairment or hypoxia, carbon dioxide or euthanasia solutions should not be
used. Unless there is an overriding experimental concern, the donor should be heparinized prior to
surgery to reduce the formation of emboli in the vasculature.
37. 2. Removal of the Heart
After achieving a surgical plane of anesthesia, the donor should be placed in a dissecting tray
near the isolated heart apparatus. The experimenter will be able to function most efficiently if
extra sets of sutures and instruments are positioned close at hand. Cardiac removal may be
performed as a surgical procedure by intubating the donor, putting an extension tube on the
aortic cannula to permit it to be inserted into the donor. After exposing the heart by a
sternotomy and cutting and retracting the rib cage, the two loose ties are placed around the
aorta. One tie is used to manipulate the aorta and the other to secure the aorta to the
cannula. A slow stream of perfusate is permitted to flow through the aortic cannula, removing
any air bubbles. The vena cava is then clamped above the diaphragm and the heart flooded
with ice cold perfusate to arrest its motion. The pulmonary artery is then incised, followed by
an incision across the aorta. The cannula is then inserted and secured. The tip of the aortic
cannula should not be inserted below the base of the aorta, as the ostium will be occluded
and perfusion restricted. Once perfusion has commenced, the heart may be removed and the
cannula disconnected from the extension tube and placed in the apparatus.
Cardiac removal may also be performed by a simple medical incision (median sternotomy)
with the blunt end of a pair of blunt-sharp pointed scissors to open the thoracic cavity. This
is followed by exposure of the heart, opening of the pericardium, support of the organ and
removal of the heart by cutting across the arch of the aorta and the vena cava. Care should
be taken that the aorta not be cut so short as to impair mounting on the cannula. The heart
may be placed in a beaker of chilled, heparinized perfusate to arrest the beating of the heart
and the organ then mounted on the aortic cannula as perfusate is flowing from the cannula.
Some researchers prefer to use two pairs of tweezers to position the aorta onto the cannula,
but care must be taken to avoid
puncturing the aorta. The heart can be held on the cannula with a blood vessel clamp such
as Dieffenbach serafine, while tying the heart onto the aortic cannula with sutures. The most
critical part of the preparation is the delay in time from the removal of perfusion in the donor
to the reperfusion of the heart, since this normally highly metabolically active organ has only
the oxygen and substrate contained in the vessels at the time of removal to sustain itself.
38. Perfusion of the Heart
Once mounted on the cannula, the heart should begin to beat strongly within seconds of reperfusion.
The pressure of the perfusate, if a constant flow system is used, should be carefully monitored to
avoid underperfusion or overperfusion. Perfusion rates are about 3-15ml/g heart weight for constant
flow systems using Tyrode's, etc., and for both constant pressure and constant flow systems the initial
pressure should be about 50-60mm Hg for most mammalian hearts, dependent on the donor, heart
rate (pacing), oxygen delivery and work output. Physiologically-normal perfusion pressures of
80-100mm Hg as in blood-perfused hearts are not used in saline-perfused hearts due to enhanced
edema and potential valve damage. The heart will stabilize rapidly and most experiments can begin
within 10-15 minutes after the preparation has been mounted and the various monitoring systems
attached. The heart should be functional for several hours, although it is prudent to reduce the
experimental time as much as possible. Preparations will suffer edema if uncompensated by a plasma
expander concomitant with protein loss from the heart.
If a working heart preparation is utilized, the left atrium must be cannulated after the heart is being
perfused through the aorta. The security of the cannula is tested by the opening of the atrial reservoir
prior to switching from aortic perfusion. Once secured, the atrial pressure head is adjusted (normally
2-5mm Hg) and then the perfusate switched from the aorta to the atria. Aortic pressure development
can be monitored via a pressure transducer inserted to a T-connection from the aortic cannula. The
aortic compliance is adjusted by adjusting the amount of air in the compliance chamber. Afterload is
also adjusted by the height of the outflow of the aortic cannula (60-70mm Hg).
39. Post Experimental Cleanup
After the experiment has been completed, the experimenter should take care to scrupulously clean the
equipment. Most of the Radnoti apparatus is borosilicate glass, which can be cleaned with a wide
range of soaps, dilute HCl or HN03 or other solvents. Chromic acid is not recommended due to
possible heavy metal contamination of the system. The non-glass portions should be treated with
aqueous soap solutions. The equipment should have a final extensive rinse in distilled water. Areas to
be especially well cleaned are aerator, tubing, syringe ports, cannula, pressure transducer fittings as
well as balloon catheters and electrodes inserted in the heart. The tubing should be inspected at the
pump head for wear. For more details on cleanup, see page 30 of the Radnoti Glass Catalog
Troubleshooting
The isolated heart preparation is normally very stable and reproducible once the experimenter has
gained familiarity with it. If there is a rapid deterioration that unexpectedly occurs in two preparations
consecutively, this is a strong indication of a problem. Many times this failure is due to the growth of
bacteria and the release of endotoxins into the perfusate. Initial corrective measures should include:
1. A thorough cleaning of the apparatus and replacement of tubing, 2. Replacement of solutions
(which have a limited storage life in the refrigerator), 3. A check of the water source, 4. A check of
aeration, the appropriate gas mixture and pH of the aerated buffer at the normal operating
temperature. Records should be kept of new purchases of substrate and salts. Certain toxic agents
used by experimenters may be difficult to clean from the system and may require the use of organic
solvents or the removal of tubing after each use as well as the use of a separate reservoir.
Tubing should be thoroughly pre-rinsed to remove plasticizers and the use of a high-quality silicone or
Tygon tubing is recommended. Note that silicone tubing is extremely gas permeable; oxygen and other
gas losses can be considerable. The use of high quality water is essential; some experimenters use
small amounts of EDTA (0.1mM) to chelate trace heavy metals in suspect water supplies, although
this is less of a problem with modern multiple cartridge ion-exchange systems.
40. Recommended Reading
If the experimenter is not conversant with cardiovascular pharmacology and physiology, there are
a number of excellent texts that will introduce this area to you. Besides the medical physiology and
pharmacology standards, there are a number of specialized texts. Pharmacologic Analysis of Drug-
receptor Interaction by Terrence P. Kenakin (Raven Press, NY 1987 is a compact text with practical
emphasis on isolated tissues and organs in pharmacological research. There are also a number of
handbooks on isolated cardiac preparations available through Hugo-Sachs Electronik, D-79229
March-Hugstetten, Germany,
Frank A. Lattanzio, Jr. Assistant Professor of Pharmacology, Eastern Virginia Medical School
41. TYPICAL VALUES
These values are obtained from a variety of sources and are displayed to demonstrate the
approximate ranges of these values. Values are for adult animals. Heart rate and blood pressure
are taken at rest. Cation values are from serum. Left ventricular volume (LVV) is given for a
balloon inserted into the left ventricle. CF (coronary flow) is given for a saline solution at 50-60
mmHg
dnr Rate Bpm BP mm/Hg NamM KmM CamM MgM LVVml CFml/min/gm/heart
Cat 110-140 125/70 163 4.4 1.3 0.7 0.7-2.4 2-3
Rat 330-360 129/91 140 5.7 2.6 1.1 0.1-0.2 8-10
Guinea 280-300 120/170 145 7.4 2.6 1.2 0.1-0.2 5-8
Mouse 600-655 135/106 2.1 0.7
R.pipens 37-60 31/21
Carp 40-78 43
Rabbit 205-220 110/73 155 4.6 3.5 1.6 0.4-0.7 2-5
42. References:
1. Langendorff, D. (1895) Pfluegers Arch. 61-291
2. Neely, J.r., Liebermeister, H., Battersby, E.J. and Mrgan, H.E. (1967) Am. J. Physiol. 213:804.
3. Neely, J.R. and Rovetto, M.J. (1973) Methods in Enzyme. 34:45.
4. Reichel, H. (1976) Basic Res, Card. 71:1.
5. Thandroyen, P.T. (1982) J. Mol. Cell. Card. 14:21.
6. Beckett, P.R. (1970) J Pharm. Pharmac. 22:818.
7. Kadas. T. and Opie, L.H. (1963) J. Physiol. 167:6P.
8. Fischer, R.B. and Williamson, J.R. (1961) J. Physiol. 158:86
9. Chance, B. Williamson, J.R., Jameison, D. and Schoener, B. (1965) Biochem. Zeitsch. 341:357.
10. Lattanzio, F.A. and Pressman, B.C. (1986) BBRC 139:816.
These procedures and devices are intended for research and are experimental. All statements,
technical information and recommendations herein are based on tests and sources we believe to be
reliable, but the accuracy or completeness thereof is not guaranteed.
Disclaimer
Before using, user shall determine the suitability of the product for its intended use, and user
assumes all risk and liability whatsoever in connection therewith. Neither seller nor manufacturer
shall be liable in tort or in contract for any loss or damage, direct, incidental, or consequential, arising
out of the use or the inability to use product. No statement or recommendation not contained herein
shall have any force or effect unless in an agreement signed by officers of seller and manufacturer.
END