Women's empowerment involves women gaining power and decision-making ability in areas they were previously denied access to. Empowerment means including women in the decision-making process. The Gender Empowerment Measure was created by the UN to measure gender inequality globally based on women's economic status, participation in high-paying jobs, and access to political positions. Malala Fund is an organization founded by Nobel Prize winner Malala Yousafzai that fights for girls' education worldwide. E-government programs aim to promote women's empowerment and gender equality but require alignment of norms, rules and practices to prevent circumvention of women's rights.

1. Presents

3. Women's empowerment is the process in which women
elaborate and recreate what it is that they can be, do, and
accomplish in a circumstance that they previously were
denied. Empowerment can be defined in many ways,
however, when talking about women's empowerment,
empowerment means accepting and allowing people
(women) who are on the outside of the decision-making
process into it.

4.  In 1960, the wages of female
financial service workers and truck
drivers were about 55% of men’s.
Today, that number has increased
to nearly 80% for truck drivers, but
women in finance still earn the
same: just 55% of men's wages.
 Some occupations even “switched
genders.” In 1960, only 15% of
accountants were women. Today,
there are more women accountants
than men. Likewise, "cook" went
from being a mostly female job to
one that is mostly done by men.
 Right from the start, I was struck by
how polarized the occupations
were in 1960, as if everything was
either clearly a “man job” or a
“woman job” with very little in
between.

5. The Gender Empowerment
Measure (GEM) is
an index designed to measure of
gender equality. GEM is
the United Nations Development
Programme's attempt to measure
the extent of gender
inequality across the globe's
countries, based on estimates of
women's relative economic
income, participation in high-
paying positions with economic
power, and access to professional
and parliamentary positions. It
was introduced at the same time as
the Gender-related Development
Index (GDI) but measures topics
like empowerment that are not
covered by that index.

6. Malala Fund is an international, non-profit organization that
fights for girls' education. It was founded by Malala
Yousafzai, the Pakistani activist for female education and
the youngest Nobel Prize laureate, and her father, Ziauddin.

7.  A close congruence between norms, rules and practices
within the e-government ecosystem is required in
order to promote women’s empowerment and gender
equality. Without such congruence, women’s rights in
the expanded democracy that e-government affects are
likely to be circumvented.