The document discusses text design for interpretive exhibits. It covers selecting typefaces, type case, contrast, line length, and letter spacing to attract and sustain attention. These visual elements must work together for an engaging experience. The document provides examples of sans serif and serif typefaces and how to use different weights, styles, and cases effectively. It emphasizes using title case for headings and sentence case for body text.
This document summarizes the findings of a survey of 302 employers on their views of college learning and student preparation. Some key findings:
1) Nearly half of employers had layoffs in the past year, but 38% expect to increase staff levels in the next year.
2) Employers expect increased emphasis on hiring bachelor's degree graduates.
3) Employers say the skills and knowledge needed of employees has increased and perceive some room for improvement at two-and four-year colleges.
4) Employers value both broad and specific skills for career success.
Este documento propone un proyecto colaborativo para crear un buen ambiente escolar y prevenir la violencia escolar. El proyecto incluye crear un blog para educar sobre las consecuencias del acoso, buscar información sobre el tema, invitar a padres a compartir cuentos, y publicar actividades de los estudiantes para promover sentimientos positivos.
The document discusses a new CPA exam review course that aims to increase first time pass rates through collaborative learning techniques like study groups and gamification, personalized instruction tailored to individual needs, and exam-like content delivered in an engaging "fun" way. It outlines the course's offerings and pricing compared to competitors, and provides financial projections showing strong revenue growth and profitability as more candidates and firms adopt the new approach to CPA exam preparation.
This document is a circuit diagram for a project at Mosku Nanotech Pvt. Ltd. It contains a list of components including integrated circuits, resistors, capacitors, and other parts. It also includes a pin layout for each component and shows how the different parts are connected on the printed circuit board. Lines on the diagram indicate the traces connecting the pins and pads between components.
The document promotes a way to earn money by uploading files through a link. It claims the process is very easy and provides a link with a reference code that supposedly leads to earnings. No other details are provided about what needs to be uploaded, how uploading files results in money, or any risks or legality. The document is signed by Kingsoft but provides little credible information.
This document discusses the use of remotely controlled robots for dangerous tasks like mine detection and clearance. It describes how DTMF signaling is used to control robots over telephone lines by sending tone codes. The document provides details on the hardware and software used in a robot controlled by a mobile phone, including an 89C51 microcontroller, MT8870 DTMF decoder, motors, and a metal detector. It summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of this robot design.
Study: The Future of VR, AR and Self-Driving CarsLinkedIn
We asked LinkedIn members worldwide about their levels of interest in the latest wave of technology: whether they’re using wearables, and whether they intend to buy self-driving cars and VR headsets as they become available. We asked them too about their attitudes to technology and to the growing role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the devices that they use. The answers were fascinating – and in many cases, surprising.
This SlideShare explores the full results of this study, including detailed market-by-market breakdowns of intention levels for each technology – and how attitudes change with age, location and seniority level. If you’re marketing a tech brand – or planning to use VR and wearables to reach a professional audience – then these are insights you won’t want to miss.
Technical writing is different from academic writing in its purpose, format, and style. Technical writing is used in the workplace to communicate about technical topics to professionals in a clear, concise, and simple manner using defined structures and formats. It focuses on being easily understood by a variety of readers who are looking for specific information relevant to their roles. Technical writing emphasizes clarity, conciseness, and coherency over depth, logic, and grammar through the use of short sentences, active voice, and visual elements like graphics and tables.
This document summarizes the findings of a survey of 302 employers on their views of college learning and student preparation. Some key findings:
1) Nearly half of employers had layoffs in the past year, but 38% expect to increase staff levels in the next year.
2) Employers expect increased emphasis on hiring bachelor's degree graduates.
3) Employers say the skills and knowledge needed of employees has increased and perceive some room for improvement at two-and four-year colleges.
4) Employers value both broad and specific skills for career success.
Este documento propone un proyecto colaborativo para crear un buen ambiente escolar y prevenir la violencia escolar. El proyecto incluye crear un blog para educar sobre las consecuencias del acoso, buscar información sobre el tema, invitar a padres a compartir cuentos, y publicar actividades de los estudiantes para promover sentimientos positivos.
The document discusses a new CPA exam review course that aims to increase first time pass rates through collaborative learning techniques like study groups and gamification, personalized instruction tailored to individual needs, and exam-like content delivered in an engaging "fun" way. It outlines the course's offerings and pricing compared to competitors, and provides financial projections showing strong revenue growth and profitability as more candidates and firms adopt the new approach to CPA exam preparation.
This document is a circuit diagram for a project at Mosku Nanotech Pvt. Ltd. It contains a list of components including integrated circuits, resistors, capacitors, and other parts. It also includes a pin layout for each component and shows how the different parts are connected on the printed circuit board. Lines on the diagram indicate the traces connecting the pins and pads between components.
The document promotes a way to earn money by uploading files through a link. It claims the process is very easy and provides a link with a reference code that supposedly leads to earnings. No other details are provided about what needs to be uploaded, how uploading files results in money, or any risks or legality. The document is signed by Kingsoft but provides little credible information.
This document discusses the use of remotely controlled robots for dangerous tasks like mine detection and clearance. It describes how DTMF signaling is used to control robots over telephone lines by sending tone codes. The document provides details on the hardware and software used in a robot controlled by a mobile phone, including an 89C51 microcontroller, MT8870 DTMF decoder, motors, and a metal detector. It summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of this robot design.
Study: The Future of VR, AR and Self-Driving CarsLinkedIn
We asked LinkedIn members worldwide about their levels of interest in the latest wave of technology: whether they’re using wearables, and whether they intend to buy self-driving cars and VR headsets as they become available. We asked them too about their attitudes to technology and to the growing role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the devices that they use. The answers were fascinating – and in many cases, surprising.
This SlideShare explores the full results of this study, including detailed market-by-market breakdowns of intention levels for each technology – and how attitudes change with age, location and seniority level. If you’re marketing a tech brand – or planning to use VR and wearables to reach a professional audience – then these are insights you won’t want to miss.
Technical writing is different from academic writing in its purpose, format, and style. Technical writing is used in the workplace to communicate about technical topics to professionals in a clear, concise, and simple manner using defined structures and formats. It focuses on being easily understood by a variety of readers who are looking for specific information relevant to their roles. Technical writing emphasizes clarity, conciseness, and coherency over depth, logic, and grammar through the use of short sentences, active voice, and visual elements like graphics and tables.
This document provides tips for effective presentation skills. It discusses defining presentations and outlines key aspects of creating slides such as structure, fonts, colors, backgrounds, graphs, and conclusions. Specific dos and don'ts are covered for scientific presentations. Tips are also provided for using handouts and illustrations effectively. The overall message is that presentations should have a clear structure and focus on the key points being made through simple, easy-to-read slides.
Designing Effective Power Point PresentationWaqas Faizan
The document provides guidelines for designing effective PowerPoint presentations, including making text and elements big and visible, keeping the design simple with limited text and colors, maintaining clarity through use of fonts, colors, numbers and bullets, progressing the presentation in a logical order, and remaining consistent in design elements. The concluding slide summarizes the key points as big, simple, clear, progressive and consistent.
This document discusses key elements of writing style for proposals, including style, tone, and mood. It emphasizes the importance of clear, concise writing and a persuasive tone. For style, it recommends using simple, common words and deleting unnecessary words. For tone, it suggests being persuasive but not impassive or arrogant. For mood, it stresses the importance of good formatting to create a positive impression, such as consistent fonts and careful formatting of lists. Overall, the document provides guidance on crafting a well-written proposal through attention to word choice, sentence structure, formatting, and tone.
Introduction to Academic Writing Seminar.pptxIlkaVL
This document provides an introduction to the characteristics of academic writing. It explains that academic writing is formal, analytical, clear, concise, accurate, objective, precise, and critical. It should avoid slang, colloquial speech, clichés, contractions, and subjective descriptions. Academic writing is also impersonal and uses the third person rather than "I" or "we". It focuses on using everyday words, explaining specialized vocabulary, and keeping sentences short and concise. The document also distinguishes reports from essays and outlines the typical structure of each. It concludes with tips for academic writing and online resources for improving skills.
The document provides design strategies for effective presentations. It discusses using short, concise text with one main message per slide. Fonts should be sans-serif, no smaller than 24 point, and only 2 complementary fonts should be used. Colors should create sufficient contrast between background and text. Graphics, if used, should be simple and enhance the message without being cluttered. Animations and multimedia should only be used sparingly and for educational purposes. Well-designed slides focus attention on the key points being made.
This document outlines the principles and process of speech writing. It discusses analyzing the audience, determining the purpose, selecting and narrowing the topic, and gathering data. It covers selecting a writing pattern like biographical or problem-solution. The speech outline, body, introduction, and conclusion are addressed. Editing focuses on focus, clarity, continuity, variety and impact. Rehearsal and some guidelines on writing style are also presented. The process is reviewed as conducting research, planning, writing, editing and rehearsing a speech.
This document provides tips for creating effective PowerPoint slides by avoiding common pitfalls. It recommends using outlines to structure slides, including 4-5 main points per slide in point form. Font should be at least 18 points and contrast with the background. Graphs are better than tables for presenting data trends clearly. Proofread for spelling and grammar errors. Conclude by summarizing key points and inviting questions. The goal is to enhance the presentation without distracting from the speaker or content.
This speech encourages students to participate in community service activities by outlining the benefits of volunteerism. It discusses how volunteering can help students develop skills for career and life success while also helping those in need. The speech concludes by providing information on upcoming volunteer opportunities and calls students to action.
Good morning everyone. Thank you for taking the time to listen to what I have to say about the importance of getting involved in community service
The document provides tips for giving an effective research talk. It recommends motivating the audience with real-world examples, stating the main results up front, and using visuals to illustrate ideas. Presenters should know their audience and leave the audience wanting to read the full paper or collaborate further. Examples are important to convey the work, and presenters should practice their talks in advance.
The document provides tips for creating effective presentations:
1. Use consistent formatting like fonts, font sizes, and color schemes to avoid distracting the audience. Sans serif fonts like Roman and Gothic that are easy to read are recommended.
2. Limit bullet points to one or two lines each and include no more than six bullets per slide to avoid overwhelming the audience.
3. Avoid all capital letters and use italics sparingly for emphasis or titles. High contrast color combinations like yellow on blue aid readability.
4. Illustrations should be used sparingly and relate directly to the message to help communicate rather than distract. Simple diagrams are effective.
The document provides tips for creating effective presentations:
1. Use consistent formatting like fonts, font sizes, and color schemes to avoid distracting the audience. Sans serif fonts like Roman and Gothic that are easy to read are recommended.
2. Limit bullet points to one or two lines each and include no more than six bullets per slide to avoid overwhelming the audience.
3. Avoid all capital letters and use italics sparingly for emphasis or titles. High contrast color combinations like yellow on blue aid readability.
4. Illustrations should be used sparingly and relate directly to the message to help communicate rather than distract. Simple diagrams are effective.
The document provides tips for creating effective presentations:
1. Use consistent formatting like fonts, font sizes, and color schemes to avoid distracting the audience. Sans serif fonts like Roman and Gothic that are easy to read are recommended.
2. Limit bullet points to one or two lines each and include no more than six bullets per slide to avoid overwhelming the audience.
3. Avoid all capital letters and use italics sparingly for emphasis or titles. High contrast color combinations like yellow on blue aid readability.
4. Illustrations should be used sparingly and relate directly to the message to help communicate rather than distract. Simple diagrams are effective.
The document provides tips for creating effective presentations:
1. Use consistent formatting like fonts, font sizes, and color schemes to avoid distracting the audience. Sans serif fonts like Roman and Gothic that are easy to read are recommended.
2. Limit bullet points to one or two lines each and include no more than six bullets per slide to avoid overwhelming the audience.
3. Avoid all capital letters and use italics sparingly for emphasis or titles. High contrast color combinations like yellow on blue aid readability.
4. Illustrations should be used sparingly and relate directly to the message to help communicate rather than distract. Simple diagrams are effective.
The document provides tips for creating effective presentations:
1. Use consistent formatting like fonts, font sizes, and color schemes to avoid distracting the audience. Sans serif fonts like Roman and Gothic that are easy to read are recommended.
2. Limit bullet points to one or two lines each and include no more than six bullets per slide to avoid overwhelming the audience.
3. Avoid all capital letters and use italics sparingly for emphasis or titles. High contrast color combinations like yellow on blue aid readability.
4. Illustrations should be used sparingly and relate directly to the message to help communicate rather than distract. Simple diagrams are effective.
The document provides tips for creating effective presentations:
1. Use consistent formatting like fonts, font sizes, and color schemes to avoid distracting the audience. Sans serif fonts like Roman and Gothic that are easy to read are recommended.
2. Limit bullet points to one or two lines each and include no more than six bullets per slide to avoid overwhelming the audience.
3. Avoid all capital letters and use italics sparingly for emphasis or titles. High contrast color combinations like yellow on blue aid readability.
4. Illustrations should be used sparingly and relate directly to the message to help communicate rather than distract. Simple diagrams are effective.
This document provides tips for giving an effective research talk. It advises the presenter to know their audience, which may include experts and non-experts. The purpose is to convey the main idea and get feedback, not overload with details. Visual aids and examples should be used to illustrate concepts. The presentation structure should include an introduction stating the problem and goals, relevant work, the presenter's contribution, and conclusions. Technical details may be left for the paper. Practice is important to refine slides, delivery, and ability to handle questions.
The document provides tips for giving effective mechanical engineering presentations. It discusses the importance of good presentation skills, key characteristics like purpose and audience, visual elements like fonts and graphics, mechanics like dress and mannerisms, online resources for guidance, and "10 Commandments of a Bad Talk" as a reverse summary.
The document outlines the principles of speech writing, including conducting an audience analysis, determining the speech's purpose, selecting and narrowing a topic, and gathering data. It describes the speech writing process and components like the introduction, body, and conclusion. It also discusses selecting a speech pattern, preparing an outline, editing and revising, and rehearsing. The goal is to provide the audience with a clear understanding of the topic in an engaging manner.
This document provides guidance on academic writing conventions for an ACT prep course. It discusses avoiding contractions, exclamation points, and personal pronouns in writing. It also addresses avoiding beginning sentences with coordinating conjunctions and addressing the reader directly. The document then reviews MLA citation style, including in-text citations and formatting guidelines. It discusses maintaining a pedantic and formal academic tone. It also outlines the writing process, including brainstorming, drafting, revising, and peer reviewing. Finally, it introduces a research essay assignment and discusses researching credible sources and properly citing them in the text and on a works cited page using MLA style.
This document provides tips for effective presentation skills. It discusses defining presentations and outlines key aspects of creating slides such as structure, fonts, colors, backgrounds, graphs, and conclusions. Specific dos and don'ts are covered for scientific presentations. Tips are also provided for using handouts and illustrations effectively. The overall message is that presentations should have a clear structure and focus on the key points being made through simple, easy-to-read slides.
Designing Effective Power Point PresentationWaqas Faizan
The document provides guidelines for designing effective PowerPoint presentations, including making text and elements big and visible, keeping the design simple with limited text and colors, maintaining clarity through use of fonts, colors, numbers and bullets, progressing the presentation in a logical order, and remaining consistent in design elements. The concluding slide summarizes the key points as big, simple, clear, progressive and consistent.
This document discusses key elements of writing style for proposals, including style, tone, and mood. It emphasizes the importance of clear, concise writing and a persuasive tone. For style, it recommends using simple, common words and deleting unnecessary words. For tone, it suggests being persuasive but not impassive or arrogant. For mood, it stresses the importance of good formatting to create a positive impression, such as consistent fonts and careful formatting of lists. Overall, the document provides guidance on crafting a well-written proposal through attention to word choice, sentence structure, formatting, and tone.
Introduction to Academic Writing Seminar.pptxIlkaVL
This document provides an introduction to the characteristics of academic writing. It explains that academic writing is formal, analytical, clear, concise, accurate, objective, precise, and critical. It should avoid slang, colloquial speech, clichés, contractions, and subjective descriptions. Academic writing is also impersonal and uses the third person rather than "I" or "we". It focuses on using everyday words, explaining specialized vocabulary, and keeping sentences short and concise. The document also distinguishes reports from essays and outlines the typical structure of each. It concludes with tips for academic writing and online resources for improving skills.
The document provides design strategies for effective presentations. It discusses using short, concise text with one main message per slide. Fonts should be sans-serif, no smaller than 24 point, and only 2 complementary fonts should be used. Colors should create sufficient contrast between background and text. Graphics, if used, should be simple and enhance the message without being cluttered. Animations and multimedia should only be used sparingly and for educational purposes. Well-designed slides focus attention on the key points being made.
This document outlines the principles and process of speech writing. It discusses analyzing the audience, determining the purpose, selecting and narrowing the topic, and gathering data. It covers selecting a writing pattern like biographical or problem-solution. The speech outline, body, introduction, and conclusion are addressed. Editing focuses on focus, clarity, continuity, variety and impact. Rehearsal and some guidelines on writing style are also presented. The process is reviewed as conducting research, planning, writing, editing and rehearsing a speech.
This document provides tips for creating effective PowerPoint slides by avoiding common pitfalls. It recommends using outlines to structure slides, including 4-5 main points per slide in point form. Font should be at least 18 points and contrast with the background. Graphs are better than tables for presenting data trends clearly. Proofread for spelling and grammar errors. Conclude by summarizing key points and inviting questions. The goal is to enhance the presentation without distracting from the speaker or content.
This speech encourages students to participate in community service activities by outlining the benefits of volunteerism. It discusses how volunteering can help students develop skills for career and life success while also helping those in need. The speech concludes by providing information on upcoming volunteer opportunities and calls students to action.
Good morning everyone. Thank you for taking the time to listen to what I have to say about the importance of getting involved in community service
The document provides tips for giving an effective research talk. It recommends motivating the audience with real-world examples, stating the main results up front, and using visuals to illustrate ideas. Presenters should know their audience and leave the audience wanting to read the full paper or collaborate further. Examples are important to convey the work, and presenters should practice their talks in advance.
The document provides tips for creating effective presentations:
1. Use consistent formatting like fonts, font sizes, and color schemes to avoid distracting the audience. Sans serif fonts like Roman and Gothic that are easy to read are recommended.
2. Limit bullet points to one or two lines each and include no more than six bullets per slide to avoid overwhelming the audience.
3. Avoid all capital letters and use italics sparingly for emphasis or titles. High contrast color combinations like yellow on blue aid readability.
4. Illustrations should be used sparingly and relate directly to the message to help communicate rather than distract. Simple diagrams are effective.
The document provides tips for creating effective presentations:
1. Use consistent formatting like fonts, font sizes, and color schemes to avoid distracting the audience. Sans serif fonts like Roman and Gothic that are easy to read are recommended.
2. Limit bullet points to one or two lines each and include no more than six bullets per slide to avoid overwhelming the audience.
3. Avoid all capital letters and use italics sparingly for emphasis or titles. High contrast color combinations like yellow on blue aid readability.
4. Illustrations should be used sparingly and relate directly to the message to help communicate rather than distract. Simple diagrams are effective.
The document provides tips for creating effective presentations:
1. Use consistent formatting like fonts, font sizes, and color schemes to avoid distracting the audience. Sans serif fonts like Roman and Gothic that are easy to read are recommended.
2. Limit bullet points to one or two lines each and include no more than six bullets per slide to avoid overwhelming the audience.
3. Avoid all capital letters and use italics sparingly for emphasis or titles. High contrast color combinations like yellow on blue aid readability.
4. Illustrations should be used sparingly and relate directly to the message to help communicate rather than distract. Simple diagrams are effective.
The document provides tips for creating effective presentations:
1. Use consistent formatting like fonts, font sizes, and color schemes to avoid distracting the audience. Sans serif fonts like Roman and Gothic that are easy to read are recommended.
2. Limit bullet points to one or two lines each and include no more than six bullets per slide to avoid overwhelming the audience.
3. Avoid all capital letters and use italics sparingly for emphasis or titles. High contrast color combinations like yellow on blue aid readability.
4. Illustrations should be used sparingly and relate directly to the message to help communicate rather than distract. Simple diagrams are effective.
The document provides tips for creating effective presentations:
1. Use consistent formatting like fonts, font sizes, and color schemes to avoid distracting the audience. Sans serif fonts like Roman and Gothic that are easy to read are recommended.
2. Limit bullet points to one or two lines each and include no more than six bullets per slide to avoid overwhelming the audience.
3. Avoid all capital letters and use italics sparingly for emphasis or titles. High contrast color combinations like yellow on blue aid readability.
4. Illustrations should be used sparingly and relate directly to the message to help communicate rather than distract. Simple diagrams are effective.
The document provides tips for creating effective presentations:
1. Use consistent formatting like fonts, font sizes, and color schemes to avoid distracting the audience. Sans serif fonts like Roman and Gothic that are easy to read are recommended.
2. Limit bullet points to one or two lines each and include no more than six bullets per slide to avoid overwhelming the audience.
3. Avoid all capital letters and use italics sparingly for emphasis or titles. High contrast color combinations like yellow on blue aid readability.
4. Illustrations should be used sparingly and relate directly to the message to help communicate rather than distract. Simple diagrams are effective.
This document provides tips for giving an effective research talk. It advises the presenter to know their audience, which may include experts and non-experts. The purpose is to convey the main idea and get feedback, not overload with details. Visual aids and examples should be used to illustrate concepts. The presentation structure should include an introduction stating the problem and goals, relevant work, the presenter's contribution, and conclusions. Technical details may be left for the paper. Practice is important to refine slides, delivery, and ability to handle questions.
The document provides tips for giving effective mechanical engineering presentations. It discusses the importance of good presentation skills, key characteristics like purpose and audience, visual elements like fonts and graphics, mechanics like dress and mannerisms, online resources for guidance, and "10 Commandments of a Bad Talk" as a reverse summary.
The document outlines the principles of speech writing, including conducting an audience analysis, determining the speech's purpose, selecting and narrowing a topic, and gathering data. It describes the speech writing process and components like the introduction, body, and conclusion. It also discusses selecting a speech pattern, preparing an outline, editing and revising, and rehearsing. The goal is to provide the audience with a clear understanding of the topic in an engaging manner.
This document provides guidance on academic writing conventions for an ACT prep course. It discusses avoiding contractions, exclamation points, and personal pronouns in writing. It also addresses avoiding beginning sentences with coordinating conjunctions and addressing the reader directly. The document then reviews MLA citation style, including in-text citations and formatting guidelines. It discusses maintaining a pedantic and formal academic tone. It also outlines the writing process, including brainstorming, drafting, revising, and peer reviewing. Finally, it introduces a research essay assignment and discusses researching credible sources and properly citing them in the text and on a works cited page using MLA style.
1. Text in Context
Tanya Symons Bredehoft
Principal: Artefact Design
Tuesday, October 30, 2012
Hi, I’m Tanya Bredehoft, principal of Artefact Design in Encinitas, CA —— We are an
interpretive design group. —— One of our areas of expertise is exhibit design. —— Artefact
plans and designs interpretive exhibitions and materials for museums, aquariums and zoos,
nature centers, botanical gardens, and a host of other public venues. ∆
2. Text in Context
Easy on the Eyes
WMA Conference
Palm Springs, California • October 23, 2012
Tuesday, October 30, 2012
Today, I’ll introduce you to the visual aspects of text comprehension and walk you through
our typical process for creating readable text. ∆
3. Tuesday, October 30, 2012
Let’s start with what we’re trying to accomplish... getting people to read your labels and
panels. —— Paul talked about how the brain works —— now let’s illustrate the visual process
of designing for the brain. —— Design, and in this context, text design, has a huge impact
on how or why we read text. —— Attracting Attention ——To be noticed, your panels need to
be saying, HEY LOOK AT ME — by creating visual interest ∆
4. Tuesday, October 30, 2012
To attract and sustain attention, your panels need to be laid out following good design
practices. —— The typeface, size, and case must be appropriate to both the subject and the
target audience. —— The contrast of the type color on the background, the spacing of the
letters, and the length of lines of text all need to be optimized so the content is easy for the
brain to process. ∆
5. Tuesday, October 30, 2012
With proper attention to the text design, the content will have a better chance of holding the
viewer’s attention long enough for them to become engaged. ∆
7. Tuesday, October 30, 2012
At every level, the relationship between the labels and the content, and the layout of both,
must work together for an engaging experience. ∆
9. Keys to Success
Attracting Attention Through Visuals
Tuesday, October 30, 2012
——
10. Keys to Success
Attracting Attention Through Visuals
TYPEFACE
TYPE CASE
CONTRAST
LINE LENGTH
LETTER SPACING
Tuesday, October 30, 2012
—— So —— lets take a look at the important visual elements of text ∆
11. Keys to Success
Attracting Attention Through Visuals
TYPEFACE - foundational choice
TYPE CASE
CONTRAST
LINE LENGTH
LETTER SPACING
Tuesday, October 30, 2012
The first step is selecting the typeface or typefaces. —— Form and function. They need to be
attractive to the target audience, include enough variation for heads, bodies, and captions,
and be easy for the brain to process. ∆
12. Keys to Success
Attracting Attention Through Visuals
TYPEFACE - foundational choice
TYPE CASE - establishing a uniform standard
CONTRAST
LINE LENGTH
LETTER SPACING
Tuesday, October 30, 2012
This is about defining what chunks of type may be in all caps, which will be title caps, and
which will use sentence capitalization. ∆
13. Keys to Success
Attracting Attention Through Visuals
TYPEFACE - foundational choice
TYPE CASE - establishing a uniform standard
CONTRAST - is there enough?
LINE LENGTH
LETTER SPACING
Tuesday, October 30, 2012
This is about the selection of the color palette. —— Pretty, daring, or staid may be the
stylistic choice. —— Regardless of the style intent, it is vital to evaluate the proposed
combination of colors of type and background to insure the result is easy-to-process
content.—— If there is going to be a problem with the contrast, it can, and should be,
avoided very early in the process.∆
14. Keys to Success
Attracting Attention Through Visuals
TYPEFACE - foundational choice
TYPE CASE - establishing a uniform standard
CONTRAST - is there enough?
LINE LENGTH - there is always a lot to say
LETTER SPACING
Tuesday, October 30, 2012
Too many words is typically a problem rather than too few. It is the brain of the audience that
needs to be accommodated. Long lines of text are more difficult to process than shorter
lines.∆
15. Keys to Success
Attracting Attention Through Visuals
TYPEFACE - foundational choice
TYPE CASE - establishing a uniform standard
CONTRAST - is there enough?
LINE LENGTH - there is always a lot to say
LETTER SPACING - room to groove
Tuesday, October 30, 2012
Being too cramped or too loose makes things difficult to read. Both the vertical and
horizontal space of letters, words, and lines must be addressed. ∆
16. Keys to Success
Attracting Attention Through Visuals
TYPEFACE
TYPE CASE
CONTRAST
LINE LENGTH
LETTER SPACING
Tuesday, October 30, 2012
All design is an iterative process, but taking time to give proper attention to these keys at an
early stage of a project will make it far easier to quickly achieve an engaging result. ∆
17. Typeface
Tuesday, October 30, 2012
A typeface is a family or group of related fonts which share the same design, varying only in
weight, slant, character width, etc. ∆
18. Typeface
Sans Serif
Tuesday, October 30, 2012
The most basic category of faces is based on whether or not the letters have serifs. —— This
is an example of a san serif face. —— Nothing but the basic stroke of the characters. ∆
19. Typeface
Serif
Tuesday, October 30, 2012
Here are some letters in a serifed font. Serifs are the details added to the ends of the strokes
for legibility and/or decoration. ∆
20. Typeface
Sans Serif
Tuesday, October 30, 2012
Here are three san serif fonts. —— As you can see, each has qualities, such as the shape of
the C or the E, which set them apart from each other. ∆
21. Typeface
Serif
Tuesday, October 30, 2012
Here are three serif fonts. —— As you can see, in addition to each having letter shape
qualities which set them apart, each of these also has a different style of serif. ∆
22. Typeface
Sans Serif
Tuesday, October 30, 2012
Here are some familiar san serif fonts. —— Typically, san serif typefaces are good for
headlines and small blocks of text. ∆
23. Typeface
Serif
Tuesday, October 30, 2012
Here are some familiar serif fonts. —— Typically, serif typefaces are good for use in larger
blocks of text. While there are certainly exceptions, books, newspapers, and magazines are
traditionally set using serif type. ∆
24. Typeface
Weights
Tuesday, October 30, 2012
Here are some familiar fonts in different weights. —— Selecting the proper weight for a
specific purpose affects both the legibility of your text and the impact you are trying to
achieve. —— Squint your eyes and you can see that weights at both ends of the extremes will
require careful use to be effective.—— —— ∆
25. Typeface
Style - Italic
Tuesday, October 30, 2012
Here are the slanted fonts of some familiar typefaces. —— Typically in panel and label
design, slanted fonts should be limited to foreign language words such as scientific names.
—— You should definitely avoid using slated fonts in an attempt to emphasize the meaning
of text. ∆
26. Typeface
Style - Condensed
Tuesday, October 30, 2012
Here are the condensed fonts of some familiar typefaces. —— Similar to working with font
weights, condensed fonts should be carefully selected and used.—— You should avoid using
condensed or compressed fonts to accommodate an overly-wordy chunk of text on a small
label. ∆
27. Type Case
Tuesday, October 30, 2012
Most typefaces that are appropriate for panel and label design have both upper and lower
case characters. ∆
28. Type Case
Uppercase Title
Tuesday, October 30, 2012
Title and headings can be effective when set in all upper case letters. ∆
29. Type Case
Lowercase Title
Tuesday, October 30, 2012
Title and headings can also be effective when set in what is referred to as lower case title.
—— Typically the first letter of every word, except prepositions and conjunctions, are
capitalized. ∆
30. Type Case
Uppercase Body Copy
Tuesday, October 30, 2012
—— Pretty much all I have to say about using all caps for body text is ∆
31. Type Case
Uppercase Body Copy
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Don’t do it.
32. Type Case
A Good Example
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Here is some effectively set text. —— The title is Frutiger Bold set in 60 point lowercase title,
left aligned. The body is Garamond Regular set in 36 point, sentence text, left aligned with
ragged right. ---- The peaks and valleys of the upper and lower case letter forms carry the
eye along the lines of text. ∆
34. Type Size
Type Heights
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How tall should the type be in which block of text. ∆
35. Type Size
Type Heights
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This is a rough guide for appropriate type sizes for a few typical viewing distances —— It is
always a good idea to mock up a few sign types to view in the wild before committing to any
final determination of type. ∆
36. Type Size
Type Hierarchy
Tuesday, October 30, 2012
This slide shows a mockup of a sign type for testing out in the wild. —— When planning your
design, it’s important to work out how you’re going to identify hierarchy and structure. How
big or how bold should the title/headline be? What about sub-headings, body copy or figure
captions? —— Remember that using different typefaces can help you create distinctions
between different text levels. You can combine different typefaces to create both classical
and contemporary layouts. —— Avoid using too many typefaces. ——Creating a logical
hierarchy in your designs will make them easier to scan and read. ——
∆
38. Type Contrast
Type and Background Color
Tuesday, October 30, 2012
Always take care to provide enough contrast between type and the background color or
image for legibility. Differences between foreground and background colors on labels or
panels should be exaggerated. —— Characters and symbols should contrast with their
background, either dark characters on a light background or light characters on a dark
background. A minimum of 70% contrast is recommended. Always check that your colors
provide adequate contrast when viewed by those who may be color blind. ∆
39. Type Contrast
Type and Background Color
Tuesday, October 30, 2012
Placing text over images or patterns forces readers’ eyes to constantly adjust to varying
contrasts. Use screens or place text over solid background with 70% contrast to text. ——
Avoid using red and green against each other as text and background, as persons with red-
green color deficiencies (the most common color deficiency) are not able to easily distinguish
between the two. ∆
40. Type Contrast
Reverse Type
Tuesday, October 30, 2012
Reverse type is light colored type on a darker background. —— It is very popular, but using it
requires careful design or the results will be extremely hard to read. —— Regardless of
mastery of the techniques, you should use reverse type sparingly. ∆
42. Line Length
Make it Easy to Read
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It's all about making it easy to read —— Since you only have a few seconds to engage the
reader, using appropriate lengths for lines of text makes it easy for them to get there. ∆
43. Line Length
Word Count
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To a reader’s eye, too long or too of short lines can be distracting and exhausting. ——
Maintaining a line length between 45 and 60 characters is optimal, or sentences of about 18
words.----- Margins flush left and ragged right is optimal. This alignment complements the
natural way we read text in western culture. When done correctly, it is one of the biggest
factors in improved readability. ∆
44. Line Length
Alignment
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While text with fully justified alignment looks really neat and tidy, it can be harder to read
because there are less visual cues for the reader to easily tell the difference between the
termination of a line of text and the end of a sentence. The varied spacing which can appear
between words in order to keep the right edge of the lines of text aligned also hampers quick
reading comprehension. ∆
45. Line Length
Columns
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The intent of this slide is not for you to read the text. Squint your eyes and see the clear
difference between the upper and lower chunks of the example text. —— When columns of
text are used, the gutter, the space between columns, must be wide enough so viewers do
not mistakenly read across columns. ∆
46. Line Length
Widows and Orphans
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These definitions are from The Chicago Manual of Style ——
Widow
A paragraph-ENDING line that falls at the beginning of the following page/column, thus
separated from the rest of the text.
——
Orphan
A paragraph-OPENING line that appears by itself at the bottom of a page/column.
OR a word, part of a word, or very short line that appears by itself at the end of a paragraph.
Orphans result in too much white space between paragraphs or at the bottom of a page. ∆
47. Line Length
Widows and Orphans
Tuesday, October 30, 2012
So, here we have two orphans and a widow. —— Knowing which is an orphan and which is a
widow is far less important than knowing not to leave a single word by its self on a line of
text or to have only the first few words of a sentence alone at either the beginning or end of a
column or page separated from the remainder of the sentence in the other column or page. ∆
48. Line Length
Natural Breaks
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When possible, structure line breaks to reflect natural language pauses or phrases. Keep
hyphenated words together, and be vigilant against over-hyphenation of multi-syllable
words. Keep $, numbers and related items together. ∆
49. Letter Spacing
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For the sake of this discussion, letter spacing is a general term for both the vertical and
horizontal spacing of letters, words, and lines. ∆
50. Letter Spacing
Leading
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Leading is the space between the lines of type in a body of copy. Leading plays a big role in
readability. Correctly spaced lines make it easier for a reader to follow the type and improves
the overall appearance of the text. Leading also alters typographic color, which is the density
or tone of a composition. —— ∆
51. Letter Spacing
Leading
Tuesday, October 30, 2012
The more words you have in a line, the more leading you will need to maintain a pleasurable
reading experience. If you increase word-spacing (the space between each word), you’ll have
to increase leading to improve the readability of the text block.
Optimal leading is about 150–170% of the text height. Increasing leading can reduce the pace
of a piece of text; it can slow the reader by introducing more white space. Too much leading
can cause continuity problems, as the eyes of the reader are required to travel a greater
distance between lines of text. ∆
52. Letter Spacing
Tracking
Tuesday, October 30, 2012
Tracking is the amount of space between each character in a group of characters. ——
Tracking can be described as being loose or tight. Loosely tracked text has more space
between each character. In tightly tracked text there is less space between the characters.
——
Tracking has similar guidelines as leading, and all of these best practices are tied to
readability. —— ∆
53. Letter Spacing
Kerning
Tuesday, October 30, 2012
Kerning describes the amount of space between two characters. —— There is often confusion
between tracking and kerning. Tracking affects the space between all of the characters in a
group of characters. Kerning is the amount of space between two specific characters. ——
Kerning is the art of adjusting the space between characters so that the eye can flow easily
across the copy without being distracted by discrepancies. Remember: good typography is
never noticed. ∆
54. Keys to Success
Attracting Attention Through Visuals
TYPEFACE
TYPE CASE
CONTRAST
LINE LENGTH
LETTER SPACING
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When you have successfully addressed all of these keys, the next step is to create this —— ∆
55. Type Style Guide
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a type style guide. This document is a record of all of the type and color choices made for
every text element of the project. This tool will be a valuable asset to everyone on your team.
——
——
∆
57. Tuesday, October 30, 2012
Some of the typography rules I’ve discussed may seem rigid, but they've been proven over
time. —— Study them and develop an understanding of why they work. —— What we have
covered are good starting points. —— Exhibit labels, a web page, electronic IDs, and banners
will all have their own unique objectives and considerations.—— External influences, such as
the surrounding environmental design, identity guidelines, and client approval, WILL alter
how you approach the type, as well. — Above all, if you design what will be easy for the
visitor to read, you will have done a good job——
∆
58. Thank You!
“To design is much more than simply to assemble,
to order, or even to edit; it is to add value and
meaning, to clarify, to modify, to dignify, to
dramatize, to persuade, and perhaps to amuse.
To design is to transform prose into poetry.”
~ Paul Rand
Tuesday, October 30, 2012
Thank you for your time and attention. —— Hopefully you’ve learned something interesting
that will help you create more readable text.