This document summarizes a workshop on ethanol production from sugarcane held by the Center for Strategic Studies and Management in Science, Technology and Innovation (CGEE). The CGEE conducts studies and evaluations on science, technology and innovation policies in Brazil. The workshop discussed Brazilian subsidies for ethanol, opportunities for expanding sugarcane cultivation, technological routes for ethanol production, and priorities for research and development in ethanol.

1. Workshop on Hydrolysis Route for Cellulosic Ethanol from Sugarcane
Subsidies for the Brazilian Bioethanol Agenda
Lucia Carvalho Pinto de Melo
President of CGEE
Campinas, February 10th 2009
Center for Strategic Studies and Management
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2. Center for Strategic Studies and Management in
Science, Technology and Innovation (CGEE)
Scope and Objectives
studies and prospective analysis in the field of science and technology
and its relation with the productive sectors
evaluation activities regarding economic and social analysis as well as
impact of policies and programs on science, technology and innovation
information, experiences and projects to society
dialogue, articulation and interaction between the science-technology
and productive sectors
technical and logistical support activities to public and private institutions
services related to its area of competence
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3. CGEE: Institutional Competencies
St&i ENVIRONMENT
ARTICULATION
FORESIGHT EVALUATION
INFORMATION
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4. CGEE FORESIGHT METHDOLOGY APPROACH
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5. National Institutes for Science and Technology Program
National Institutes for Science and Technology Program
Evaluation Commission Meeting, Brasília: October 27, 2008
Evaluation Commission Meeting, Brasília: October 27, 2008
CGEE: Evaluation focus on program impacts
Center for Strategic Studies and Management
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6. Strategic Dimension
Generating subsidies for public policy decision making process
Opportunities and Threats for the Country
Comparative Advantages
Barriers or Obstacles
Future Vision
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7. Bioethanol as a priority on the Agenda
CGEE’s working agenda is aligned with the Ministry of Science
and Technology's priorities defined by the ST&I National Plan,
being the “BioEthanol” theme inserted in this context as highly
strategic.
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8. Center for Strategic Studies and Management
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9. Center for Strategic Studies and Management
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10. CGEE studies
related to
Bioethanol
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11. Global perspectives on Bioethanol as
an opportunity
More than 20 countries have set goals for the introduction of Bioethanol
in the fuel matrix, which lead to an annual consumption of around 80
billion liters in 2010
Some estimations indicate that world trade in Bioethanol will grow six
times by 2015
The European bloc imports currently around 500 million liters and it is
estimated that should import more than three billion liters of Bioethanol
by 2015
The Latin American nations, led by Brazil, may register a surplus of
more than six billion liters of Bioethanol by 2015
Most of this production will be exported to European, Asian and
American countries
Sources: Estudo CGEE/Nipe-Unicamp
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12. Brazil and Biofuels
Brazil is a relevant actor on the world scenarium of biofuels (ethanol)
The great extension of land and the climate and soil conditions are
adequate to biomass production
The oilseed crop and the sugarcane crop are possible in a large part
of the Brazilian territory
The world demand for biofuels has been growing
Brazil is still an importer of diesel oil
The ethanol production is alrealdy consolidated and the biodiesel
production is considered strategic for the country
Source: Study by CGEE/Nipe-Unicamp
Center for Strategic Studies and Management
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13. Brazilian Bioethanol: high productivity
Ethanol yields
Liters per hectare
Sources: IEA – International Energy Agency (2005) e MTEC
Center for Strategic Studies and Management Fonte: UNICA, 2008
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14. Brazilian Bioethanol: energy balance
The energy balance of Brazilian sugarcane-based ethanol is 4,5 times greater
than the wheat-based and almost 7 times greater than the corn-based.
Center for Strategic Studies and Management Fonte: UNICA, 2008
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15. Evolution of agricultural, industrial and agroindustrial
productivity in sugar and ethanol plants in Brazil
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16. Sugarcane culture in Brazil
Sources: NIPE-Unicamp, IBGE and CTC
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17. Potential expantion of sugarcane culture
With irrigation
Without irrigation “salvation”
(< 2.000 m3/ha.year)
Amazon Rainforest
Pantanal Other important Above 12% slope
preservation areas area (75 Mha)
Atlantic Forest
Soil & climate aptitude
High Good Medium Inadequate for sugar cane culture
(> 80 t/ha) (> 70 t/ha) (> 60 t/ha) Source: Study by CGEE/Nipe-Unicamp
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18. Technological routes for ethanol production
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19. Bioenergy supply routes and technology options
Source: http://www.ifpri.org/2020/focus/focus14/focus14.pdf
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20. R&D&I priorities for Ethanol
 Conventional genetic improvement and genetic engineering
 Production models and infrastructure
 Biotechnologies, agriculture of precision and optimization of inputs
 Mechanical harvest, without burning and with straw collecting
 Pre-processing and stock of bagasse and straw
 Fermentation, grinding and distillation improvements
 Management and automation (advanced system)
 Reduction of water and energy consumption and recycle of effluents
 Increase of the excess power generation
 Alcohol-chemistry, sugar-chemistry and biorefinery
 Hydrolysis and gasification (F-T) of bagasse and straw
 Sugar-cane of high biomass (Energy cane)
Source: Study by CGEE/Nipe-Unicamp
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21. For a Brazilian Research Agenda in
Bioethanol
In the country there are some opportunities for cost lowering and
sustainability improvement in the Bioetanol productive chain which have to be
studied and analyzed in order to make possible the incorporation of
innovative technologies which may keep and improve Brazil’s competitive
advantages.
The control of first and second generation technologies requires the national
development of a research agenda. This one have to integrate, in a sinergical
way, the national efforts (in public and private research centers), to value and
support the existent iniciatives and goes for a strongh content of basic
knowledge in frontiers areas.
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22. CGEE publications
related to
Bioethanol
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23. CGEE studies related to Bioethanol
NAE Journals: Biofuels Study on the role of State Agricultural
Study commissioned by the Nucleus of Strategic Issues Research Organizations (OEPAs)
of the Presidency of the Republic Study under the Management Contract signed
Coordination: Isaías Macedo & Luiz A. Horta Nogueira between MCT and CGEE
Center for Strategic Studies and Management
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24. CGEE studies related to Bioethanol
Studies for the MCT in partnership with Nipe/Unicamp, CTC, Transpetro and Cenea
Coordination: Rogério Cezar de Cerqueira Leite / Luís Augusto Barbosa Cortez
Supervision: CGEE
Center for Strategic Studies and Management
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25. CGEE studies related to Bioethanol
Studies for the MCT in partnership with Nipe/Unicamp, CTC and Cenea
Coordination: Rogério Cezar de Cerqueira Leite / Luís Augusto Barbosa Cortez
Supervision: CGEE
Center for Strategic Studies and Management
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26. Publication in four
languages launched during
the International
Conference on Biofuels,
held in São Paulo
(November/2008)
www.bioetanoldecana.org
www.bioetanoldecanadeazucar.org
www.sugarcanebioethanol.org
www.bioetanoldecanne.org
Partnership: BNDES, CGEE, Cepal e FAO
Coordination: Luiz A. Horta Nogueira
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27. Documents to guide the
interventions in the
International Conference
on Biofuels
Supervision: CGEE
Coordination: L. A. Horta Nogueira
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28. Bioethanol
ON GOING STUDIES
Technical Subsidies to the Brazilian Agenda of Bioethanol
Objectives
To Support the CTBE implementation
To Study the local agro-ecological linkages of the sugarcane-based ethanol
production
To analyse both socio-economic and environmental routes of the sugarcane-
based ethanol production
To subsidy both national and international agenda of bioethanol products and
process certification
To study the effects of greenhouse gases emissions on the productive chain of
Bioethanol first and second generations
[Contrato de Gestão supervisionado pelo MCT] Partnership: Nipe/Unicamp, CTBE, NREL, USP and others
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29. Final Remarks
Opportunities (oil perspectives; global warming)
Advantages (land; knowledge)
Threats (technological control; degree of business competition;economic
crisis)
Challenge
To take advantage of the window of opportunity:
TO ACT AS A GLOBAL PLAYER
The role of CTBE (a future vision...)
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30. Shakespeare...
The difference between
Comedy and Tragedy is...
In a Comedy, you discover
reality in time to do something
about it,
In a Tragedy, you don’t!
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31. Thank you!
Lucia Melo
presidencia@cgee.org.br
http://www.cgee.org.br
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32. New publications of CGEE
Available in http://www.cgee.org.br
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