The document provides information on winter driving safety. It discusses adverse weather conditions like black ice, snow and fog and their effects on traction and visibility. It also covers cold weather injuries, preventive vehicle maintenance, driving techniques for conditions like ice and snow, and communication techniques like using turn signals and adjusting speed based on conditions. Preventive measures include dressing in layers, maintaining proper tire pressure and fluid levels, and driving defensively by allowing extra space between vehicles.

4. FRESH SNOW MAY CONCEAL AN ICY ROAD SURFACE.

9. BLACK ICE DANGEROUS BECAUSE YOU CAN’T SEE IT! COMMON AREAS YOU FIND IT 1. Bridges/Overpasses 2. Shaded areas

10. BLACK ICE REACTION DO NOT PANIC! MAKE NO SUDDEN CHANGES IN SPEED OR DIRECTION! EASE OFF ACCELERATOR! STEER IN DIRECTION THAT THE REAR OF THE VEHICLE IS SKIDDING!

11. FOG WHEN DRIVING IN FOG, USE LOW-BEAM HEADLIGHTS STOP, OFF THE ROADWAY, AND WAIT FOG

12. COLD INJURY PREVENTION

17. CHILBLAINS Inflammatory swelling or sore, usually below 50 degrees F with high humidity.

21. TRENCH/IMMERSION FOOT Results from prolonged exposure of skin to cold or wet conditions, usually at 50 degrees F or colder

25. FROSTBITE Freezing of tissue or moisture in the skin due to exposure to temperatures below 32 degrees F

31. HYPOTHERMIA Medical term for lowered core body temperature, caused by exposure to cold. Aggravated by wet conditions.

37. SNOW BLINDNESS Inflammation and sensitivity caused by exposure of the eyes to ultraviolet light rays reflected by the snow or ice

41. CARBON MONOXIDE Colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. Created by incomplete combustion.

48. PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE ENSURE WINTERIZATION OF ALL VEHICLES DO BEFORE, DURING, AND AFTER OPERATION MAINTENANCE IAW APPLICABLE TM DO DRAIN ALL AIR TANKS AT THE END OF DAY KEEP ALL FUEL TANKS FULL TO KEEP MOISTURE FROM CONDENSING INSIDE FUEL LINES AND TANKS

69. FOLLOWING DISTANCE THREE TO ELEVEN TIMES MORE DISTANCE IS REQUIRED TO STOP A VEHICLE ON PAVEMENT COVERED WITH ICE OR SNOW. 100 100 5OO METERS IDEAL ROAD CONDITIONS POOR ROAD CONDITION

70. 6 SECONDS 4 SECONDS T T T T 37 37 37 37 T 66-10 AM GENERAL T T T T 37 37 37 37 T 66-10 AM GENERAL

71. HILLS AND GRADES When approaching a hill or upgrade / downgrade remember to do the following: 1. Select the proper gear before approaching, usually a lower gear. 2. Use the same gear going down that you used going up. This will allow the engine to act as a brake, so you will not have to use your brake excessively. * On steep or very slippery grades, use at least one gear lower, and go slower *

72. SKIDS Result from unexpected forces: 1. Black Ice 2. Driving to fast for conditions 3. Sudden steering corrections or braking 4. Sudden accelerations

73. SKIDS CONTINUED If your vehicle begins to skids, take the following actions: 1. Front end skids - Release the brake and let the front wheels roll freely to regain traction and steering control. 2. Rear end skids - Take foot off of accelerator and turn wheels in the direction that the rear of the vehicle is skidding, and pump brakes lightly.

74. Brake before the turn, not in the turn accelerate smoothly and slowly. Decelerate slowly, and ease up on the brakes. Make smooth gear shifts and clutch engagements. Steer in the opposite direction the trailer is skidding, while pumping the brakes lightly. VEHICLE JACKKNIFE PREVENTION 15 DEG.

75. VEHICLE JACKKNIFE A JACKKNIFE OCCURS WHEN THE ANGLE BETWEEN THE TRACTOR AND TRAILER GETS TO A POINT WHERE IT CANT’T BE STRAIGHTENED OUT BY THE DRIVER. 15 DEG.

78. CHAINS CHAINS GIVE A GOOD BITE IN SNOW OR MUD BUT TEND TO SLIDE AND SLIP ON ICE AND PACKED SNOW. oh no! He should have went to the chain class!

79. CHAINS Before execution of the mission, the following checks should be made: 1. Ensure vehicle is equipped with snow chains. 2. Snow chains are serviceable, and in good condition. 3. Leadership will ensure the driver has a working knowledge of how to properly apply snow chains

81. Winter Driving Hazards Windows cleared 360 Adjust speed for road conditions Bridges freeze before roadways Proper tires all weather / mud & snow Know your abilities

82. WINTER DRIVING HAZARDS Ice, frost, and snow on bridges and overpasses Poorly marked state and county highways Drifting snow Poor visibility Carbon monoxide Poor traction High water at river crossings Slippery roads caused by wet leaves

83. VEHICLE OCCUPANT SAFETY Seat belts properly worn by all passengers. Use of approved child safety seats. Infants not seated in front seats of vehicles with Passenger air bags.

84. POV WINTER DRIVING CHECKLIST Winterize your car, and always check your equipment Ice Scraper Exhaust system tight Antifreeze Check all fluid levels Battery charged Map Lights operational and clean Wiper blades serviceable and clean Properly inflated tires, with sufficient tread Heater/defroster working properly Brakes checked for wear Windshield and mirrors clean and serviceable

85. WINTER SURVIVAL KIT Flashlight Bag of Kitty litter/sand Non perishable Food Shovel Blanket Warm Clothes Water Jumper Cables Tire Chains Tow rope