This document discusses networking and programming interfaces in Windows. It is divided into two parts: Part I covers networking topics like network interfaces, protocols (SMB, TCP/IP, HTTP), domains, and Active Directory. Part II discusses the Win32 and .NET programming interfaces, covering access to kernel objects, sharing objects between processes, process management (priority classes and levels), and memory management (virtual address space, memory mapping, heaps).

3. PART I-NETWORKING
Divided into 5 parts
1.Network Interfaces
2.Protocols
3.Redirectors And Servers
4.Domains
5.Active Directory

4. 1.1 NETWORK INTERFACES
Network Device Interface Specification(NDIS)
-Developed by Microsoft and 3Com to disconnect
n/w adapters from transport protocols.
-Between DLL and Network Layer

5. Transport Driver Interface(TDI)
-Provides Abstraction Layer in the N/W
-Between Transport Layer And Session Layer
-Easier to make transport drivers.

7. 1.2 PROTOCOLS
1.Server-Message Block(SMB)
-Used to send I/O requests over the N/W
-Published initially as Common Internet File System(CIFS)

9. 2.TCP/IP
-Internet Protocol
3.Point To Point Tunneling Protocol(PPTP)
-Remote access server modules run on Windows server
machines and other client systems.Used over the Internet.

11. 1.2 PROTOCOLS
4.HTTP PROTOCOL
-Used in WWW.Implemented as kernel-mode driver
5.WebDAV
-Web Distributing and Authoring And Versioning
protocol
-HTTP based protocol for collaborative authoring
6.Named Pipes
-Used for IPC on same machine

12. 1.2 PROTOCOLS
7.Remote Procedure Calls(RPC)
-IPC on two different machines
-Hides architectural differences
8.Component Object Model(COM)
-Microsoft’s OLE uses it to insert
spreadsheets into MS Word

13. 1.3 Redirectors And Servers

14. 1.3 Redirectors And Servers

16. 1.4 DOMAINS
A domain is basically a collection of user accounts and computer
accounts that are grouped together so that they can be centrally
managed. It is the job of the
domain controller to facilitate this central management of
domain resources.

18. 1.5 ACTIVE DIRECTORY
The LDAP services are implemented in Windows called as Active Directory

19. PART II-PROGRAMMER INTERFACE

20. PART II-PROGRAMMER INTERFACE
Win32 API is the basic interface to the abilities of Windows
.NET Framework is the modern api developed by MS
C A T E G O R I E S :
 1.Access to Kernel Objects
 2.Sharing of objects between processes
 3.Process management
 4.Memory Management

21. 2.1 ACCESS TO KERNEL OBJECTS

22. 2.2 SHARING OBJECTS BETWEEN PROCESSES
1st technique:
Child process inherits a handle to the object.If shared then used for communication between child
and parent.
2nd technique:
One process gives object name and 2nd one opens it.

23. 2.3 PROCESS MGMT.
 Scheduling Rule
1.IDLE PRIORITY CLASS(NT PRIORITY LEVEL 4)
2.NORMAL PRIORITY CLASS(NT PRIORITY LEVEL 3)
3.HIGH PRIORITY CLASS(NT PRIORITY LEVEL 2)
4.REAL-TIME PRIORITY CLASS(NT PRIORITY LEVEL 1)

24. 2.3 PROCESS MGMT.
 THREAD PRIORITIES:
Priority of thread is determined by:
1. Priority class of its process
2. Priority level of the thread

25. 2.3 PROCESS MGMT.
PRIORITY LEVELS OF THREAD:
 THREAD_PRIORITY_IDLE
 THREAD_PRIORITY LOWEST
 THREAD_PRIORITY_BELOW_NORMAL
 THREAD_PRIORITY_NORMAL
 THREAD_PRIORITY_ABOVE_NORMAL
 THREAD_PRIORITY_HIGHEST
 THREAD_PRIORITY_TIME_CRITICAL

26. 2.4 MEMORY MGMT.
- Virtual Address space
- Memory Mapping Files
- Heaps