SlideShare a Scribd company logo
Why is Waterproof helpful
material?
The material is waterproof to cleaning agents and stain-
resistant. And making it ideal for use in medical settings,
kitchens, and gyms. Or an environment with a risk of
contamination or the spread of infection.
As the desire to eradicate germs grows with outbreaks.
Such as the coronavirus, anxiety rises, and so does the
need for clean surfaces.
What is the Passiveness of
stainless steel?
Passivation is a widely used metal finishing process to
prevent corrosion. However, the stainless steel
passivation process uses nitric acid or citric acid to
remove free iron from the surface.
Chemical treatments especially provide a
protective oxide layer or passivation film that is
less likely to react with air and cause corrosion
chemically. Even Passivated stainless steel is rust-
resistant.
Passivation prevents rust in stainless steel.
Passivated stainless steel resists rust.
What does passivated
stainless steel mean?
For manufacturers, the industry standards
ASTM A967 and AMS 2700 represent the most
widely used standards for passivating
stainless steel. That’s why according to ASTM
A967, the definition of passivation is:
Type of Passiveness of
stainless steel
Today, the industry standard for surface passivation
offers three types of passivation. Each class is based on
the chemical used for passivation. There are three types
of passivation:
nitric acid
Nitric acid containing sodium dichromate
citric acid.

More Related Content

Similar to Why is Waterproof helpful material.pdf

Why is the Passiveness Of Stainless Steel Necessary (1).pdf
Why is the Passiveness Of Stainless Steel Necessary (1).pdfWhy is the Passiveness Of Stainless Steel Necessary (1).pdf
Why is the Passiveness Of Stainless Steel Necessary (1).pdf
WajidKhanMP
 
J Press Stainless Steel Plumbing Pipes & Fittings with Press Fit Technology
J Press Stainless Steel Plumbing Pipes & Fittings with Press Fit TechnologyJ Press Stainless Steel Plumbing Pipes & Fittings with Press Fit Technology
J Press Stainless Steel Plumbing Pipes & Fittings with Press Fit Technology
Ritesh Aggarwal
 
BW_Pickling Handbook_EN_2019_GL_128_Preview.pdf
BW_Pickling Handbook_EN_2019_GL_128_Preview.pdfBW_Pickling Handbook_EN_2019_GL_128_Preview.pdf
BW_Pickling Handbook_EN_2019_GL_128_Preview.pdf
Kamal Shah
 
Dh High Tech Industrie 2010
Dh High Tech Industrie 2010 Dh High Tech Industrie 2010
Dh High Tech Industrie 2010 KlaasdeBoer
 
5 Reasons Your Process Could Benefit from Glass-Lined Steel
5 Reasons Your Process Could Benefit from Glass-Lined Steel5 Reasons Your Process Could Benefit from Glass-Lined Steel
5 Reasons Your Process Could Benefit from Glass-Lined Steel
De Dietrich Process Systems, Inc.
 
Aerospace Metals Specialist In Stainless Steel Bright Bars.pdf
Aerospace Metals Specialist In Stainless Steel Bright Bars.pdfAerospace Metals Specialist In Stainless Steel Bright Bars.pdf
Aerospace Metals Specialist In Stainless Steel Bright Bars.pdf
Vishwa Stainless Pvt. Ltd.
 
Applications and Uses of Stainless Steel in Automotive Industry.pdf
Applications and Uses of Stainless Steel in Automotive Industry.pdfApplications and Uses of Stainless Steel in Automotive Industry.pdf
Applications and Uses of Stainless Steel in Automotive Industry.pdf
Vishwa Stainless Pvt. Ltd.
 
Applications and Uses of Stainless Steel in Automotive Industry.pdf
Applications and Uses of Stainless Steel in Automotive Industry.pdfApplications and Uses of Stainless Steel in Automotive Industry.pdf
Applications and Uses of Stainless Steel in Automotive Industry.pdf
Vishwa Stainless Pvt. Ltd.
 
Avoiding defects in stainles steel welding
Avoiding defects in stainles steel weldingAvoiding defects in stainles steel welding
Avoiding defects in stainles steel welding
Shahid Karim
 
Better Buildings From Better Fasteners
Better Buildings From Better FastenersBetter Buildings From Better Fasteners
Better Buildings From Better Fasteners
Elco Construction Products
 
Lumin Ore Pace Presentation Revised
Lumin Ore Pace Presentation RevisedLumin Ore Pace Presentation Revised
Lumin Ore Pace Presentation Revised
Tom Valente
 
Machining challenges in stainless steel – a review
Machining challenges in stainless steel – a reviewMachining challenges in stainless steel – a review
Machining challenges in stainless steel – a review
IJARIIT
 
Rust Bullet PCI article
Rust Bullet PCI articleRust Bullet PCI article
Rust Bullet PCI articleMike Moore
 
Corrosion control
Corrosion control Corrosion control
Corrosion control
Humayun Ahmad
 
Corrosion various concepts and reasons of corrosion and measures
Corrosion various concepts and reasons of corrosion and measuresCorrosion various concepts and reasons of corrosion and measures
Corrosion various concepts and reasons of corrosion and measures
Mohd Haris
 
316 stainless steel (1)
316 stainless steel (1)316 stainless steel (1)
316 stainless steel (1)
John Conroy
 
Corrosion analysis of_stainless_steel
Corrosion analysis of_stainless_steelCorrosion analysis of_stainless_steel
Corrosion analysis of_stainless_steelguest45278c1
 
Corrosion Resistant Coating for metal in Chicago
Corrosion Resistant Coating for metal in ChicagoCorrosion Resistant Coating for metal in Chicago
Corrosion Resistant Coating for metal in Chicago
Chicago Corrosion Group
 

Similar to Why is Waterproof helpful material.pdf (20)

Why is the Passiveness Of Stainless Steel Necessary (1).pdf
Why is the Passiveness Of Stainless Steel Necessary (1).pdfWhy is the Passiveness Of Stainless Steel Necessary (1).pdf
Why is the Passiveness Of Stainless Steel Necessary (1).pdf
 
J Press Stainless Steel Plumbing Pipes & Fittings with Press Fit Technology
J Press Stainless Steel Plumbing Pipes & Fittings with Press Fit TechnologyJ Press Stainless Steel Plumbing Pipes & Fittings with Press Fit Technology
J Press Stainless Steel Plumbing Pipes & Fittings with Press Fit Technology
 
BW_Pickling Handbook_EN_2019_GL_128_Preview.pdf
BW_Pickling Handbook_EN_2019_GL_128_Preview.pdfBW_Pickling Handbook_EN_2019_GL_128_Preview.pdf
BW_Pickling Handbook_EN_2019_GL_128_Preview.pdf
 
Dh High Tech Industrie 2010
Dh High Tech Industrie 2010 Dh High Tech Industrie 2010
Dh High Tech Industrie 2010
 
5 Reasons Your Process Could Benefit from Glass-Lined Steel
5 Reasons Your Process Could Benefit from Glass-Lined Steel5 Reasons Your Process Could Benefit from Glass-Lined Steel
5 Reasons Your Process Could Benefit from Glass-Lined Steel
 
Aerospace Metals Specialist In Stainless Steel Bright Bars.pdf
Aerospace Metals Specialist In Stainless Steel Bright Bars.pdfAerospace Metals Specialist In Stainless Steel Bright Bars.pdf
Aerospace Metals Specialist In Stainless Steel Bright Bars.pdf
 
Better Buildings From Better Fasteners
Better Buildings From Better FastenersBetter Buildings From Better Fasteners
Better Buildings From Better Fasteners
 
Applications and Uses of Stainless Steel in Automotive Industry.pdf
Applications and Uses of Stainless Steel in Automotive Industry.pdfApplications and Uses of Stainless Steel in Automotive Industry.pdf
Applications and Uses of Stainless Steel in Automotive Industry.pdf
 
Applications and Uses of Stainless Steel in Automotive Industry.pdf
Applications and Uses of Stainless Steel in Automotive Industry.pdfApplications and Uses of Stainless Steel in Automotive Industry.pdf
Applications and Uses of Stainless Steel in Automotive Industry.pdf
 
Avoiding defects in stainles steel welding
Avoiding defects in stainles steel weldingAvoiding defects in stainles steel welding
Avoiding defects in stainles steel welding
 
Better Buildings From Better Fasteners
Better Buildings From Better FastenersBetter Buildings From Better Fasteners
Better Buildings From Better Fasteners
 
Better Buildings from Better Fasteners
Better Buildings from Better FastenersBetter Buildings from Better Fasteners
Better Buildings from Better Fasteners
 
Lumin Ore Pace Presentation Revised
Lumin Ore Pace Presentation RevisedLumin Ore Pace Presentation Revised
Lumin Ore Pace Presentation Revised
 
Machining challenges in stainless steel – a review
Machining challenges in stainless steel – a reviewMachining challenges in stainless steel – a review
Machining challenges in stainless steel – a review
 
Rust Bullet PCI article
Rust Bullet PCI articleRust Bullet PCI article
Rust Bullet PCI article
 
Corrosion control
Corrosion control Corrosion control
Corrosion control
 
Corrosion various concepts and reasons of corrosion and measures
Corrosion various concepts and reasons of corrosion and measuresCorrosion various concepts and reasons of corrosion and measures
Corrosion various concepts and reasons of corrosion and measures
 
316 stainless steel (1)
316 stainless steel (1)316 stainless steel (1)
316 stainless steel (1)
 
Corrosion analysis of_stainless_steel
Corrosion analysis of_stainless_steelCorrosion analysis of_stainless_steel
Corrosion analysis of_stainless_steel
 
Corrosion Resistant Coating for metal in Chicago
Corrosion Resistant Coating for metal in ChicagoCorrosion Resistant Coating for metal in Chicago
Corrosion Resistant Coating for metal in Chicago
 

More from jblakesmitharkansas

Heart burning treatment.pdf
Heart burning treatment.pdfHeart burning treatment.pdf
Heart burning treatment.pdf
jblakesmitharkansas
 
Business Women Owner.pdf
Business Women Owner.pdfBusiness Women Owner.pdf
Business Women Owner.pdf
jblakesmitharkansas
 
Grant For Business Women Owner.pdf
Grant For Business Women Owner.pdfGrant For Business Women Owner.pdf
Grant For Business Women Owner.pdf
jblakesmitharkansas
 
4 Skills Every Successful Business Manager.pdf
4 Skills Every Successful Business Manager.pdf4 Skills Every Successful Business Manager.pdf
4 Skills Every Successful Business Manager.pdf
jblakesmitharkansas
 
How Manager Manage A Business Effectively.pdf
How Manager Manage A Business Effectively.pdfHow Manager Manage A Business Effectively.pdf
How Manager Manage A Business Effectively.pdf
jblakesmitharkansas
 
Why Leg cramps at night.pdf
Why Leg cramps at night.pdfWhy Leg cramps at night.pdf
Why Leg cramps at night.pdf
jblakesmitharkansas
 
odel Of Working For Successful Organizations.pdf
odel Of Working For Successful Organizations.pdfodel Of Working For Successful Organizations.pdf
odel Of Working For Successful Organizations.pdf
jblakesmitharkansas
 
Top 5 Best Entrepreneurs Books.pdf
Top 5 Best Entrepreneurs Books.pdfTop 5 Best Entrepreneurs Books.pdf
Top 5 Best Entrepreneurs Books.pdf
jblakesmitharkansas
 
J. blake smith arkansas
J. blake smith arkansasJ. blake smith arkansas
J. blake smith arkansas
jblakesmitharkansas
 

More from jblakesmitharkansas (9)

Heart burning treatment.pdf
Heart burning treatment.pdfHeart burning treatment.pdf
Heart burning treatment.pdf
 
Business Women Owner.pdf
Business Women Owner.pdfBusiness Women Owner.pdf
Business Women Owner.pdf
 
Grant For Business Women Owner.pdf
Grant For Business Women Owner.pdfGrant For Business Women Owner.pdf
Grant For Business Women Owner.pdf
 
4 Skills Every Successful Business Manager.pdf
4 Skills Every Successful Business Manager.pdf4 Skills Every Successful Business Manager.pdf
4 Skills Every Successful Business Manager.pdf
 
How Manager Manage A Business Effectively.pdf
How Manager Manage A Business Effectively.pdfHow Manager Manage A Business Effectively.pdf
How Manager Manage A Business Effectively.pdf
 
Why Leg cramps at night.pdf
Why Leg cramps at night.pdfWhy Leg cramps at night.pdf
Why Leg cramps at night.pdf
 
odel Of Working For Successful Organizations.pdf
odel Of Working For Successful Organizations.pdfodel Of Working For Successful Organizations.pdf
odel Of Working For Successful Organizations.pdf
 
Top 5 Best Entrepreneurs Books.pdf
Top 5 Best Entrepreneurs Books.pdfTop 5 Best Entrepreneurs Books.pdf
Top 5 Best Entrepreneurs Books.pdf
 
J. blake smith arkansas
J. blake smith arkansasJ. blake smith arkansas
J. blake smith arkansas
 

Recently uploaded

Winning local SEO in the Age of AI - Dennis Yu
Winning local SEO in the Age of AI - Dennis YuWinning local SEO in the Age of AI - Dennis Yu
SEO Master Class - Steve Wiideman, Wiideman Consulting Group
SEO Master Class - Steve Wiideman,  Wiideman Consulting GroupSEO Master Class - Steve Wiideman,  Wiideman Consulting Group
SEO Master Class - Steve Wiideman, Wiideman Consulting Group
DigiMarCon - Digital Marketing, Media and Advertising Conferences & Exhibitions
 
From Likes to Leads - Navigating 2024 Marketing Challenges with B2B & B2C Inf...
From Likes to Leads - Navigating 2024 Marketing Challenges with B2B & B2C Inf...From Likes to Leads - Navigating 2024 Marketing Challenges with B2B & B2C Inf...
From Likes to Leads - Navigating 2024 Marketing Challenges with B2B & B2C Inf...
DigiMarCon - Digital Marketing, Media and Advertising Conferences & Exhibitions
 
SMM Cheap - No. 1 SMM panel in the world
SMM Cheap - No. 1 SMM panel in the worldSMM Cheap - No. 1 SMM panel in the world
SMM Cheap - No. 1 SMM panel in the world
smmpanel567
 
Playlist and Paint Event with Sony Music U
Playlist and Paint Event with Sony Music UPlaylist and Paint Event with Sony Music U
Playlist and Paint Event with Sony Music U
SemajahParker
 
Your Path to Profits - The Game-Changing Power of a Marketing - Daniel Bussius
Your Path to Profits - The Game-Changing Power of a Marketing - Daniel BussiusYour Path to Profits - The Game-Changing Power of a Marketing - Daniel Bussius
Your Path to Profits - The Game-Changing Power of a Marketing - Daniel Bussius
DigiMarCon - Digital Marketing, Media and Advertising Conferences & Exhibitions
 
My Personal Brand Exploration by Mariano
My Personal Brand Exploration by MarianoMy Personal Brand Exploration by Mariano
My Personal Brand Exploration by Mariano
marianooscos
 
34-Rahul-Mande.pdf PROJECT REPORT MBA 4TH SEMESTER
34-Rahul-Mande.pdf PROJECT REPORT MBA 4TH SEMESTER34-Rahul-Mande.pdf PROJECT REPORT MBA 4TH SEMESTER
34-Rahul-Mande.pdf PROJECT REPORT MBA 4TH SEMESTER
DeepakTripathi733493
 
May 2024 - VBOUT Partners Meeting Group Session
May 2024 - VBOUT Partners Meeting Group SessionMay 2024 - VBOUT Partners Meeting Group Session
May 2024 - VBOUT Partners Meeting Group Session
Vbout.com
 
Monthly Social Media News Update May 2024
Monthly Social Media News Update May 2024Monthly Social Media News Update May 2024
Monthly Social Media News Update May 2024
Andy Lambert
 
How to Use AI to Write a High-Quality Article that Ranks
How to Use AI to Write a High-Quality Article that RanksHow to Use AI to Write a High-Quality Article that Ranks
How to Use AI to Write a High-Quality Article that Ranks
minatamang0021
 
ThinkNow 2024 Consumer Financial Wellness Report
ThinkNow 2024 Consumer Financial Wellness ReportThinkNow 2024 Consumer Financial Wellness Report
ThinkNow 2024 Consumer Financial Wellness Report
ThinkNow
 
Winning local SEO in the Age of AI - Dennis Yu
Winning local SEO in the Age of AI - Dennis YuWinning local SEO in the Age of AI - Dennis Yu
Turn Digital Reputation Threats into Offense Tactics - Daniel Lemin
Turn Digital Reputation Threats into Offense Tactics - Daniel LeminTurn Digital Reputation Threats into Offense Tactics - Daniel Lemin
Turn Digital Reputation Threats into Offense Tactics - Daniel Lemin
DigiMarCon - Digital Marketing, Media and Advertising Conferences & Exhibitions
 
15 ideas and frameworks on the art of storytelling
15 ideas and frameworks on the art of storytelling15 ideas and frameworks on the art of storytelling
15 ideas and frameworks on the art of storytelling
Aatir Abdul Rauf
 
Top 3 Ways to Align Sales and Marketing Teams for Rapid Growth
Top 3 Ways to Align Sales and Marketing Teams for Rapid GrowthTop 3 Ways to Align Sales and Marketing Teams for Rapid Growth
Top 3 Ways to Align Sales and Marketing Teams for Rapid Growth
Demandbase
 
Offissa Dizayn - Otel, Kafe, Restoran Kataloqu_240603_011042.pdf
Offissa Dizayn - Otel, Kafe, Restoran Kataloqu_240603_011042.pdfOffissa Dizayn - Otel, Kafe, Restoran Kataloqu_240603_011042.pdf
Offissa Dizayn - Otel, Kafe, Restoran Kataloqu_240603_011042.pdf
offisadizayn
 
Unknown to Unforgettable - The Art and Science to Being Irresistible on Camer...
Unknown to Unforgettable - The Art and Science to Being Irresistible on Camer...Unknown to Unforgettable - The Art and Science to Being Irresistible on Camer...
Unknown to Unforgettable - The Art and Science to Being Irresistible on Camer...
DigiMarCon - Digital Marketing, Media and Advertising Conferences & Exhibitions
 
The What, Why & How of 3D and AR in Digital Commerce
The What, Why & How of 3D and AR in Digital CommerceThe What, Why & How of 3D and AR in Digital Commerce
The What, Why & How of 3D and AR in Digital Commerce
PushON Ltd
 

Recently uploaded (20)

Winning local SEO in the Age of AI - Dennis Yu
Winning local SEO in the Age of AI - Dennis YuWinning local SEO in the Age of AI - Dennis Yu
Winning local SEO in the Age of AI - Dennis Yu
 
SEO Master Class - Steve Wiideman, Wiideman Consulting Group
SEO Master Class - Steve Wiideman,  Wiideman Consulting GroupSEO Master Class - Steve Wiideman,  Wiideman Consulting Group
SEO Master Class - Steve Wiideman, Wiideman Consulting Group
 
From Likes to Leads - Navigating 2024 Marketing Challenges with B2B & B2C Inf...
From Likes to Leads - Navigating 2024 Marketing Challenges with B2B & B2C Inf...From Likes to Leads - Navigating 2024 Marketing Challenges with B2B & B2C Inf...
From Likes to Leads - Navigating 2024 Marketing Challenges with B2B & B2C Inf...
 
SMM Cheap - No. 1 SMM panel in the world
SMM Cheap - No. 1 SMM panel in the worldSMM Cheap - No. 1 SMM panel in the world
SMM Cheap - No. 1 SMM panel in the world
 
Playlist and Paint Event with Sony Music U
Playlist and Paint Event with Sony Music UPlaylist and Paint Event with Sony Music U
Playlist and Paint Event with Sony Music U
 
Your Path to Profits - The Game-Changing Power of a Marketing - Daniel Bussius
Your Path to Profits - The Game-Changing Power of a Marketing - Daniel BussiusYour Path to Profits - The Game-Changing Power of a Marketing - Daniel Bussius
Your Path to Profits - The Game-Changing Power of a Marketing - Daniel Bussius
 
My Personal Brand Exploration by Mariano
My Personal Brand Exploration by MarianoMy Personal Brand Exploration by Mariano
My Personal Brand Exploration by Mariano
 
34-Rahul-Mande.pdf PROJECT REPORT MBA 4TH SEMESTER
34-Rahul-Mande.pdf PROJECT REPORT MBA 4TH SEMESTER34-Rahul-Mande.pdf PROJECT REPORT MBA 4TH SEMESTER
34-Rahul-Mande.pdf PROJECT REPORT MBA 4TH SEMESTER
 
May 2024 - VBOUT Partners Meeting Group Session
May 2024 - VBOUT Partners Meeting Group SessionMay 2024 - VBOUT Partners Meeting Group Session
May 2024 - VBOUT Partners Meeting Group Session
 
Monthly Social Media News Update May 2024
Monthly Social Media News Update May 2024Monthly Social Media News Update May 2024
Monthly Social Media News Update May 2024
 
How to Use AI to Write a High-Quality Article that Ranks
How to Use AI to Write a High-Quality Article that RanksHow to Use AI to Write a High-Quality Article that Ranks
How to Use AI to Write a High-Quality Article that Ranks
 
ThinkNow 2024 Consumer Financial Wellness Report
ThinkNow 2024 Consumer Financial Wellness ReportThinkNow 2024 Consumer Financial Wellness Report
ThinkNow 2024 Consumer Financial Wellness Report
 
Winning local SEO in the Age of AI - Dennis Yu
Winning local SEO in the Age of AI - Dennis YuWinning local SEO in the Age of AI - Dennis Yu
Winning local SEO in the Age of AI - Dennis Yu
 
Turn Digital Reputation Threats into Offense Tactics - Daniel Lemin
Turn Digital Reputation Threats into Offense Tactics - Daniel LeminTurn Digital Reputation Threats into Offense Tactics - Daniel Lemin
Turn Digital Reputation Threats into Offense Tactics - Daniel Lemin
 
15 ideas and frameworks on the art of storytelling
15 ideas and frameworks on the art of storytelling15 ideas and frameworks on the art of storytelling
15 ideas and frameworks on the art of storytelling
 
Metaverse Marketing in the Generation of the Internet - Eugene Capon
Metaverse Marketing in the Generation of the Internet - Eugene CaponMetaverse Marketing in the Generation of the Internet - Eugene Capon
Metaverse Marketing in the Generation of the Internet - Eugene Capon
 
Top 3 Ways to Align Sales and Marketing Teams for Rapid Growth
Top 3 Ways to Align Sales and Marketing Teams for Rapid GrowthTop 3 Ways to Align Sales and Marketing Teams for Rapid Growth
Top 3 Ways to Align Sales and Marketing Teams for Rapid Growth
 
Offissa Dizayn - Otel, Kafe, Restoran Kataloqu_240603_011042.pdf
Offissa Dizayn - Otel, Kafe, Restoran Kataloqu_240603_011042.pdfOffissa Dizayn - Otel, Kafe, Restoran Kataloqu_240603_011042.pdf
Offissa Dizayn - Otel, Kafe, Restoran Kataloqu_240603_011042.pdf
 
Unknown to Unforgettable - The Art and Science to Being Irresistible on Camer...
Unknown to Unforgettable - The Art and Science to Being Irresistible on Camer...Unknown to Unforgettable - The Art and Science to Being Irresistible on Camer...
Unknown to Unforgettable - The Art and Science to Being Irresistible on Camer...
 
The What, Why & How of 3D and AR in Digital Commerce
The What, Why & How of 3D and AR in Digital CommerceThe What, Why & How of 3D and AR in Digital Commerce
The What, Why & How of 3D and AR in Digital Commerce
 

Why is Waterproof helpful material.pdf

  • 1. Why is Waterproof helpful material?
  • 2. The material is waterproof to cleaning agents and stain- resistant. And making it ideal for use in medical settings, kitchens, and gyms. Or an environment with a risk of contamination or the spread of infection.
  • 3. As the desire to eradicate germs grows with outbreaks. Such as the coronavirus, anxiety rises, and so does the need for clean surfaces.
  • 4. What is the Passiveness of stainless steel?
  • 5. Passivation is a widely used metal finishing process to prevent corrosion. However, the stainless steel passivation process uses nitric acid or citric acid to remove free iron from the surface.
  • 6. Chemical treatments especially provide a protective oxide layer or passivation film that is less likely to react with air and cause corrosion chemically. Even Passivated stainless steel is rust- resistant. Passivation prevents rust in stainless steel. Passivated stainless steel resists rust.
  • 8. For manufacturers, the industry standards ASTM A967 and AMS 2700 represent the most widely used standards for passivating stainless steel. That’s why according to ASTM A967, the definition of passivation is:
  • 9. Type of Passiveness of stainless steel
  • 10. Today, the industry standard for surface passivation offers three types of passivation. Each class is based on the chemical used for passivation. There are three types of passivation: nitric acid Nitric acid containing sodium dichromate citric acid.