Identification of quantitative trait loci for resistance to shoot fly in maizeCIMMYT
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Read more: http://gender.cgiar.org/gender_events/annual-conference-2018/
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This document summarizes agricultural statistics and crop production trends for the state of Madhya Pradesh, India. It discusses 11 agro-climatic zones in the state and notes that small and marginal farmers make up 68% of holdings but only 29% of land area. Production of crops like wheat, pulses and oilseeds has been increasing in recent years due to factors like improved seeds and government initiatives. However, productivity remains impacted by issues like erratic rainfall, lack of irrigation, and small landholdings. The document outlines several policy efforts to promote sustainable agriculture and farmer welfare in Madhya Pradesh.
"GSSP Research on Medium and Large-Scale Farming and Agricultural Mechanization in Ghana: Initial survey results & research areas" presented by Nazaire Houssou and Antony Chapoto, April 24, 2014
High density orcharding in fruit crops.Mahtab Rashid
This document discusses high density orcharding techniques for fruit crops. High density orcharding involves planting fruit trees or plants at closer spacing than traditional methods to increase yields. Key aspects of high density orcharding include using dwarfing rootstocks, specific training and pruning methods, and growth regulators to control vegetative growth and maximize productivity per plant. Examples show yields can increase by 200-250% using high density spacing for crops like mango, citrus, banana and guava. Studies on apple orcharding found the highest cumulative yields and leaf area index using a spacing of 2.5m x 2.5m. Severe pruning in alternate rows every three years is proposed as a strategy for high density orchards.
Identification of quantitative trait loci for resistance to shoot fly in maizeCIMMYT
This document discusses a study that identified quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with resistance to shoot fly in maize. The researchers studied two maize inbred lines, CM143 and CM144, and their F2:3 progenies. They measured traits related to shoot fly resistance, such as egg count, leaf injury, and dead heart percentage, in the parents and progenies over time. Phenotypic correlations between traits were calculated. The progenies were genotyped using SSR markers and a genetic linkage map was constructed. QTL analysis identified several QTL associated with traits like leaf width, length, area, injury, and stem girth on different chromosomes. The QTL explained phenotypic variances ranging from 7-
Gendered selection trait preferences for farmed fish in EgyptCGIAR
This presentation was given by Seamus Murphy (WorldFish), as part of the Annual Gender Scientific Conference hosted by the CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research. The event took place on 25-27 September 2018 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, hosted by the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) and co-organized with KIT Royal Tropical Institute.
Read more: http://gender.cgiar.org/gender_events/annual-conference-2018/
Evaluation of elite potato clones for drought tolerance in western UgandaILRI
Presented by Imelda Kashaija, Vasiter Kesiime and Prossy Namugga (Kachwekano Zonal Agricultural Research and Development Institute (NARO- KAZARDI)) at the First Bio-Innovate Regional Scientific Conference, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 25-27 February 2013
This document summarizes agricultural statistics and crop production trends for the state of Madhya Pradesh, India. It discusses 11 agro-climatic zones in the state and notes that small and marginal farmers make up 68% of holdings but only 29% of land area. Production of crops like wheat, pulses and oilseeds has been increasing in recent years due to factors like improved seeds and government initiatives. However, productivity remains impacted by issues like erratic rainfall, lack of irrigation, and small landholdings. The document outlines several policy efforts to promote sustainable agriculture and farmer welfare in Madhya Pradesh.
"GSSP Research on Medium and Large-Scale Farming and Agricultural Mechanization in Ghana: Initial survey results & research areas" presented by Nazaire Houssou and Antony Chapoto, April 24, 2014
High density orcharding in fruit crops.Mahtab Rashid
This document discusses high density orcharding techniques for fruit crops. High density orcharding involves planting fruit trees or plants at closer spacing than traditional methods to increase yields. Key aspects of high density orcharding include using dwarfing rootstocks, specific training and pruning methods, and growth regulators to control vegetative growth and maximize productivity per plant. Examples show yields can increase by 200-250% using high density spacing for crops like mango, citrus, banana and guava. Studies on apple orcharding found the highest cumulative yields and leaf area index using a spacing of 2.5m x 2.5m. Severe pruning in alternate rows every three years is proposed as a strategy for high density orchards.
A study on 200 germplasm lines of bread wheat to estimate genetic variability, character association between yield and yield contributing characters, their partitioning into direct and indirect effects and to study genetic divergence present amongst them.
Economics of nitrogen sources and rates in a long term cropping systemLPE Learning Center
The full proceedings paper is at: www.extension.org/72759
The main goal of the study is to determine the singular or combined effects of crop rotation, tillage system, N fertility levels and sources on crop grain and biomass production, crop diseases, and soil attributes (nitrogen, phosphorus, organic matter and pH). Secondly, our goal is to assess the economics of some of the crops grown in the experimental area during the period of time from 2008-2014. The results presented in this summary show that composted manure can replace commercial fertilizer applications in a crop rotation system, maintaining the same level of yields and increasing profits during a 7-year period.
Heterosis, combining ability and per se performance of new hybrids of upland ...Yanal Al-Kuddsi
1.To study the heterosisand combining ability of
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yield and its attributing characters.
2.To study the type of gene action in the control
of above traits.
3. To study the association, direct and indirect
effects of component characters on kapas
yield .
The document contains a table listing specifications for steel pipes of various nominal sizes, including their outside diameter, wall thickness, weight, and whether they are considered light, medium, or heavy. Pipes range in nominal size from 10mm to 150mm, with outside diameters from 17.2mm to 165.1mm. Wall thickness varies between 2mm and 5.4mm depending on the size and type. Heavier pipes have greater wall thicknesses and weights.
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Higher water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) content in pasture typically results in increased dry matter intake and milk yield for dairy cows, and lower urinary nitrogen excretion rates. A review of several studies found that pastures with WSC contents over 160g/kg DM generally increased intake by 1-2kg DM/day, milk yield by 1-3kg/day, and lowered urinary nitrogen excretion by 5-10% compared to pastures with lower WSC contents under 130g/kg DM.
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The document discusses cogeneration applications in sugar mills. Cogeneration, or combined heat and power (CHP), involves producing electricity and useful thermal energy from a single fuel source. This is more efficient than separate generation of power and heat. The document provides details on existing cogeneration systems in sugar mills and recommendations for improving efficiency through retrofitting high-pressure boilers, installing topping cycles, and acquiring best available technologies for new projects. Case studies show potential savings from reducing downtime and power consumption.
The Fertiliser Action Plan aims to promote best practice fertilizer management in Western Australia for both industry and environmental benefits. It involves regulating the phosphorus content in domestic fertilizers, promoting best practice commercial fertilizer management, and enhancing soil amendments. Fertilizer users will receive advice from accredited advisers based on soil tests to apply phosphorus efficiently only where profitable while reducing use where not profitable. The plan is backed by local science, industry groups, and government departments. Firsthand accounts from farmers indicate it can help save money while maintaining production through improved nutrient management.
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Similar to What do women and men farmers want in their maize varieties (20)
What do women and men farmers want in their maize varieties
1. Client-responsive maize seed systems in
Eastern Africa: what do wo(men) farmers
want in their maize varieties?
Paswel Marenya
International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center
(CIMMYT),
2. Outline
1. Society demands on crop
breeding programs
2. Decision making
3. Adoption
4. Maize trait preferences
5. Implications for seed systems
and breeding
8. What do farmers want?
Willingness to pay experiments
Results of economic experiments
9. Willingness to pay
• We use economic experiments common in
marketing and economics
– Choice experiments (CE)
– Becker-de Groot-Merschack (BDM) (1964)
• Data Analyzed using Mixed Logit Estimators
• Done in
– CRV/West Ethiopia 2017
– Western Kenya 2017, 2018
10. Table 1: Comparison of WTP and WTSY between traits
Traits Observ1 Observ2 Mean1 Mean2 difference St-Err t-value
Cost variable: Seed price
Yield - Drought tolerant 1400 - .023 2.485 -2.462*** .001 -2289.55
Yield - Resistant to FAW 1400 - .023 .112 -.088*** .002 -48.35
Yield – Tolerant to low N 1400 - .023 .698 -.674*** .001 -645.7
Yield – Tolerant to striga 1400 - .023 1.632 -1.608*** .009 -180.75
Drought tolerant - Resistant to FAW 1400 - 2.485 .112 2.374*** .002 1721.95
Drought tolerant - Tolerant to low N 1400 - 2.485 .698 1.788*** .001 5128.35
Drought tolerant - Tolerant to striga 1400 - 2.485 1.632 .854*** .009 96.95
Resistant to FAW - Tolerant to low N 1400 - .112 .698 -.586*** .002 -470.3
Resistant to FAW - Tolerant to striga 1400 - .112 1.632 -1.52*** .009 -432.85
Resistant to low N - Tolerant to striga 1400 - .698 1.632 -.934*** .009 278.5
Yield (m/f) 668 732 .035 .03 .004* .003 1.8
Moderate drought tolerant (m/f) 668 732 2.807 2.164 .643*** .029 22.25
Drought tolerant (m/f) 668 732 2.933 2.365 .568*** .002 370.3
Slight res to FAW (m/f) 668 732 .466 .621 -.155*** .017 -9.1
Resistant to FAW (m/f) 668 732 .484 .526 -.043*** .004 -12.1
Slight res to low N (m/f) 668 732 1.343 .991 .352*** .005 73.5
Resistant to low N (m/f) 668 732 1.019 .752 .268*** .003 109.1
Moderate tol to striga (m/f) 668 732 .419 .6 -.18*** .002 -96.5
Tolerant to striga (m/f) 668 732 1.476 1.685 -.209*** .018 -11.35
Cost variable: Yield
Seed price - Drought tolerant 1400 - 39.828 93.055 -53.227*** .011 -4865.25
Seed price - Resistant to FAW 1400 - 39.828 5.099 34.73*** .007 4692.8
Seed price – Tolerant to low N 1400 - 39.828 24.743 15.086*** .002 11741.4
Seed price – Tolerant to striga 1400 - 39.828 63.377 -23.548*** .271 -86.85
Drought tolerant - Resistant to FAW 1400 - 93.055 5.099 87.957*** .014 6469.6
Drought tolerant - Tolerant to low N 1400 - 93.055 24.743 68.312*** .011 6133.7
Drought tolerant - Tolerant to striga 1400 - 93.055 63.377 29.679*** .271 109.45
Resistant to FAW - Tolerant to low N 1400 - 5.099 24.743 -19.644*** .007 -2613.7
Resistant to FAW - Tolerant to striga 1400 - 5.099 63.377 -58.278*** .272 -214.6
Resistant to low N - Tolerant to striga 1400 - 24.743 63.377 -38.633*** .271 -142.5
Price (m/f) 668 732 21.211 27.855 -6.645*** 0 -225000
Moderate drought tolerant (m/f) 668 732 50.843 54.783 -3.941*** .671 -5.85
Drought tolerant (m/f) 668 732 54.941 61.267 -6.326*** .1 -63.4
Slight res to FAW (m/f) 668 732 12.087 17.685 -5.598*** .343 -16.35
Resistant to FAW (m/f) 668 732 12.368 15.222 -2.854*** .051 -55.75
Slight res to low N (m/f) 668 732 24.903 25.444 -.541*** .074 -7.3
Resistant to low N (m/f) 668 732 18.911 19.044 -.133*** .012 -10.85
Moderate tolerance to striga (m/f) 668 732 12.643 18.519 -5.877*** .032 -185.2
Tolerant to striga (m/f) 668 732 32.03 46.035 -14.006*** .324 -43.2
Difference significant at: *** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.1; FAW, fall army worm; N, nitrogen; WTP, willingness to pay; WTSY,
willingness to sacrifice yield; m/f, difference between male and female respondents.
11. Tradeoffs have to be made
❑ To help in prioritization
(breeding and market
segmentation and development)
❑ We implement Choice
Experiments to identify
potential tradeoffs
❑ We estimate willingness to pay
(willingness to sacrifice yield)
to get specific traits
❑ The results confirm general
patterns but also new insights
It is expected that: no one variety can
have all the desirable traits
1 2 3 4
12. Willingness to Pay (WTP) for Maize Traits in Kenya
Base Model With interaction
Pooled Male Female Pooled Male Female
Matures in 3 months or less 1.54 1.76 1.51 4.84 1.40 2.47
Storability (3-4 months) 8.92 10.15 7.95 19.66 9.78 21.47
Medium grain size 0.77 1.37 0.35 -2.37 -1.35 0.23
Large grain size 1.12 1.76 0.75 0.04 3.15 -2.15
Closed tip 7.87 7.56 7.62 9.79 60.64 6.45
Heavy weight 3.96 3.30 4.47 7.48 4.31 5.87
Low top-dressing requirement 2.71 3.06 2.79 7.67 60.91 3.46
Drought tolerant 9.80 8.55 11.17 9.55 7.36 13.68
Lodging resistant 4.48 4.05 4.98 4.43 3.12 4.97
Striga resistant 8.23 7.96 8.38 8.29 6.17 12.51
13. Willingness to Pay (WTP) for Maize Traits in Kenya
Base Model With interaction
Pooled Male Female Pooled Male Female
Matures in 3 months or less 1.54 1.76 1.51 4.84 1.40 2.47
Long shelf life (3-4 months) 8.92 10.15 7.95 19.66 9.78 21.47
Medium grain size 0.77 1.37 0.35 -2.37 -1.35 0.23
Large grain size 1.12 1.76 0.75 0.04 3.15 -2.15
Closed tip 7.87 7.56 7.62 9.79 60.64 6.45
Heavy weight 3.96 3.30 4.47 7.48 4.31 5.87
Low top-dressing requirement 2.71 3.06 2.79 7.67 60.91 3.46
Drought tolerant 9.80 8.55 11.17 9.55 7.36 13.68
Lodging resistant 4.48 4.05 4.98 4.43 3.12 4.97
Striga resistant 8.23 7.96 8.38 8.29 6.17 12.51
Women do not
seem to prefer
large grain size
14. Willingness to Pay (WTP) for Maize Traits in Kenya
Base Model With interaction
Pooled Male Female Pooled Male Female
Matures in 3 months or less 1.54 1.76 1.51 4.84 1.40 2.47
Long shelf life (3-4 months) 8.92 10.15 7.95 19.66 9.78 21.47
Medium grain size 0.77 1.37 0.35 -2.37 -1.35 0.23
Large grain size 1.12 1.76 0.75 0.04 3.15 -2.15
Closed tip 7.87 7.56 7.62 9.79 60.64 6.45
Heavy weight 3.96 3.30 4.47 7.48 4.31 5.87
Low top-dressing requirement 2.71 3.06 2.79 7.67 60.91 3.46
Drought tolerant 9.80 8.55 11.17 9.55 7.36 13.68
Lodging resistant 4.48 4.05 4.98 4.43 3.12 4.97
Striga resistant 8.23 7.96 8.38 8.29 6.17 12.51
Storability is
highly valued
more by women
farmers
15. Willingness to Pay (WTP) for Maize Traits in Kenya
Base Model
No Controls
With interaction
Socio-economic Controls
Pooled Male Female Pooled Male Female
Matures in 3 months or less 1.54 1.76 1.51 4.84 1.40 2.47
Long shelf life (3-4 months) 8.92 10.15 7.95 19.66 9.78 21.47
Medium grain size 0.77 1.37 0.35 -2.37 -1.35 0.23
Large grain size 1.12 1.76 0.75 0.04 3.15 -2.15
Closed tip 7.87 7.56 7.62 9.79 60.64 6.45
Heavy weight 3.96 3.30 4.47 7.48 4.31 5.87
Low top-dressing requirement 2.71 3.06 2.79 7.67 60.91 3.46
Drought tolerant 9.80 8.55 11.17 9.55 7.36 13.68
Lodging resistant 4.48 4.05 4.98 4.43 3.12 4.97
Striga resistant 8.23 7.96 8.38 8.29 6.17 12.51
When socioeconomic
factors are controlled for:
Male farmers had higher
WTP for closed tip
16. Willingness to Pay (WTP) for Maize Traits in Kenya
Base Model
No Controls
With interaction
Socio-economic Controls
Pooled Male Female Pooled Male Female
Matures in 3 months or less 1.54 1.76 1.51 4.84 1.40 2.47
Long shelf life (3-4 months) 8.92 10.15 7.95 19.66 9.78 21.47
Medium grain size 0.77 1.37 0.35 -2.37 -1.35 0.23
Large grain size 1.12 1.76 0.75 0.04 3.15 -2.15
Closed tip 7.87 7.56 7.62 9.79 60.64 6.45
Heavy weight 3.96 3.30 4.47 7.48 4.31 5.87
Low top-dressing requirement 2.71 3.06 2.79 7.67 60.91 3.46
Drought tolerant 9.80 8.55 11.17 9.55 7.36 13.68
Striga resistant 8.23 7.96 8.38 8.29 6.17 12.51
Lodging resistant 4.48 4.05 4.98 4.43 3.12 4.97
Women valued
Drought and Striga
tolerance twice more
than male farmers
17. Willingness to Pay (WTP) for Maize Traits in Kenya
Base Model
No Controls
With interaction
Socio-economic Controls
Pooled Male Female Pooled Male Female
Matures in 3 months or less 1.54 1.76 1.51 4.84 1.40 2.47
Long shelf life (3-4 months) 8.92 10.15 7.95 19.66 9.78 21.47
Medium grain size 0.77 1.37 0.35 -2.37 -1.35 0.23
Large grain size 1.12 1.76 0.75 0.04 3.15 -2.15
Closed tip 7.87 7.56 7.62 9.79 60.64 6.45
Heavy weight 3.96 3.30 4.47 7.48 4.31 5.87
Low N tolerance 2.71 3.06 2.79 7.67 60.91 3.46
Drought tolerant 9.80 8.55 11.17 9.55 7.36 13.68
Striga resistant 8.23 7.96 8.38 8.29 6.17 12.51
Lodging resistant 4.48 4.05 4.98 4.43 3.12 4.97
With Socioeconomic controls
male farmers WTP for low N
tolerance was nearly 20 times
that of female farmers
18. Top traits
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Big grains
Earliness
Low N requirement
Heavy grain
Drought tolerance
Lodging resistant
Closed tip
Storability
Striga resistant
Preference for maize traits in western Kenya, 2017
BDM Method
-5.0 0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0
Medium size grains
Large grains
Lodging resistant
Early maturity
Low top-dressing
Heavy grain
Striga resistant
Closed tip
Drought tolerant
Storability
Prefeerence for maize traits in western Kenya, 2017
CE Method
19. Top Traits in Ethiopia
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5
Sweet taste
Matures in maximum 3 months
Closed tip
Lodging resistant
Tolerant to foliar diseases
Drought tolerant
BDM Method
0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
Matures in maximum 3 months
Tolerant to foliar diseases
Drought tolerant
Sweet taste
Lodging resistant
Closed tip CE
CE Method
20. Although seed price was lowest priority women were sensitive to seed
price
(Kenya, 2018)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Seed price
Tolerant to striga
Moderate drought tolerant
Drought tolerant
Women
Men
21. Summary
• Women valued on storability (3.6 times than
males)
• Women valued storability about 5 times than
90-day maturity
• Male farmers valued closed tip (10 times) than
female farmers
• Women valued drought and striga tolerance
twice more than male farmers
• Male famers valued closed tip and low top-
dressing nearly equally
• Nitrogen efficiency was valued about 20 times
among men than women
• Women seem not prefer large grain size (given
the negative coefficient)
25. Take home Messages
A tale of two principles
Product
Differentiation
What to breed for?
Market
Segmentation
For whom?
1. Breeding programs focus on a set of manageable traits per product
2. Guided by market segmentation based on client needs