Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) primarily affects adults and is rare in children. It involves the excessive proliferation of immature white blood cells, or granulocytes, within the bone marrow. These immature cells proliferate in the bone marrow and bloodstream, disrupting the production of other blood components such as red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Fortunately, with advanced treatment options, CML is now manageable, offering favorable prognoses. It's important to note that CML is not genetically inherited from parents. Seeking expertise from hematologist specialists in Delhi ensures comprehensive and effective management of CML.

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2. Content
Topic for Discussion
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
Stages OF CML
Risk Factors Of CML
Treatment options for CML
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3. INTRODUCTION
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) primarily affects
adults and is rare in children. It involves the
excessive proliferation of immature white blood
cells, or granulocytes, within the bone marrow. These
immature cells proliferate in the bone marrow and
bloodstream, disrupting the production of other
blood components such as red blood cells, white
blood cells, and platelets. Fortunately, with
advanced treatment options, CML is now
manageable, offering favorable prognoses. It's
important to note that CML is not genetically
inherited from parents. Seeking expertise from
hematologist specialists in Delhi ensures
comprehensive and effective management of CML.

4. Chronic Phase: This initial stage of
CML typically manifests with minimal
or no noticeable symptoms. At this
juncture, only a small percentage
(around 10%) of blast cells are
detected in the bone marrow.
1.
Stages OF Chronic
Myeloid Leukemia
Chronic Phase:

5. Accelerated Phase: As the disease progresses,
the number of myeloblasts increases to
approximately 20% and additional
abnormalities may emerge. Symptoms begin
to surface during this phase, signaling the
progression of the disease.
Blastic Phase: In the advanced stage of CML,
myeloblasts outnumber normal blood cells
(RBCs, WBCs, and platelets), exceeding the
20% threshold. Symptoms become more
pronounced and severe, including spleen
enlargement, susceptibility to severe
infections, bleeding tendencies, and significant
weight loss accompanied by weakness.
Accelerated Phase
Blastic Phase

6. Risk Factors Of Chronic Myelogenous
Leukemia
1 Genetic Abnormalities: Specific genetic
mutations, notably the Philadelphia
chromosome resulting from chromosomal
translocation, heighten the susceptibility to
CML.
2 Radiation Exposure: Prolonged exposure to
ionizing radiation, prevalent in radiation
therapy or nuclear accidents, elevates the
risk of CML development.

7. 3 Age: While CML may manifest at any
age, it predominantly affects adults, with
the likelihood increasing, notably after 60
years.
4 Gender Disparity: Men exhibit a
marginally higher predisposition to CML
compared to women.
5 Family History: While CML isn't typically
hereditary, individuals with a familial
history of CML or other blood cancers may
face an escalated risk.

8. Chronic Myeloid
Leukemia Causes
1 Radiation Exposure: Common
among atomic bomb survivors or
those heavily exposed to radiation,
CML can develop in patients treated
with high radiation doses for other
cancers. Notably, exposure from
routine dental and full-body scans is
generally safe and does not
contribute to CML.

9. Chronic Myeloid
Leukemia Causes
2 Mutation in Stem Cells: A pivotal
cause involves the exchange between
chromosomes 9 and 22, leading to the
creation of the Philadelphia
chromosome. This genetic abnormality
is prevalent in CML patients and
originates in abnormal blood cells' stem
cells.

10. Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKIs): Representing the
frontline treatment, TKIs like imatinib, dasatinib, and
nilotinib target the BCR-ABL protein generated by
the Philadelphia chromosome. These drugs
effectively control CML progression and are typically
the initial therapeutic choice.
Treatment options for Chronic
Myeloid Leukemia
Treatment options for Chronic
Myeloid Leukemia
Clinical Trials: Participation in clinical trials presents
an opportunity for patients, particularly those with
refractory or advanced CML, to explore novel
therapies and treatment modalities. These trials
assess experimental approaches aimed at
enhancing treatment outcomes and elevating the
quality of life for individuals grappling with CML.

11. Chemotherapy: Although less commonly utilized
than TKIs, chemotherapy may be employed in
specific scenarios, particularly in advanced CML or
when alternative treatment options are exhausted.
Chemotherapeutic agents target rapidly dividing
cells, including cancerous cells, to impede disease
progression.
Supportive Care: Beyond active treatments,
hematologist specialists in Delhi prioritize
supportive care to alleviate symptoms, forestall
complications, and bolster overall well-being.
Supportive measures may encompass blood
transfusions, prophylactic antibiotics to combat
infections, and medications to mitigate treatment-
related side effects.

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