Western Sahara Presentation
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Western Sahara has been in dispute since 1884 when it was colonized by Spain. In 1975, Morocco and Mauritania occupied parts of Western Sahara but Mauritania withdrew in 1979, leaving Morocco occupying two-thirds. A ceasefire was reached in 1991 but a referendum on independence has still not occurred. The indigenous Saharawi people seek independence and self-determination for their territory, which is home to valuable phosphate resources that are currently exploited by Morocco. Over 160,000 Saharawi refugees still live in poor conditions in Algerian camps, dependent on aid, after fleeing violence and occupation in Western Sahara over 30 years ago.
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Western sahara
Western Sahara is a territory in Northwest Africa occupied primarily by the Sahara desert with scarce water and plant/animal life. It was colonized by Spain in 1884 and fought for independence by the Polisario Front beginning in 1973. When Spain withdrew in 1975, Morocco took control of most of Western Sahara over Sahrawi opposition, and the region remains in dispute with the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic seeking independence through the United Nations.
Western sahara conflict
The document summarizes the Western Sahara conflict between Morocco and the Polisario Front over the disputed territory of Western Sahara. It began when Spain withdrew in 1975 after attacks by the Polisario Front seeking independence. Morocco then moved to claim the territory, leading to war between Morocco and the Polisario Front from 1975 to 1991. A ceasefire was agreed in 1991 but the conflict remains unresolved, with the Polisario Front controlling about 20-25% of the territory and Morocco controlling the rest behind a barrier wall. Peace negotiations have been attempted but have not achieved a final resolution to Western Sahara's status.
Sahara Conflict Moroccan Sahara/Western Sahara, Morocco, Africa
The disputed parties over the land of Western Sahara are the Polisario Front and Morocco. The Polisario Front is a national liberation movement that seeks independence for Western Sahara, while Morocco claims the territory as rightfully theirs. The conflict dates back to the 19th century colonial period when Western powers began colonizing Africa. Spain administered Western Sahara as a colony until 1975, when Morocco annexed the territory following the Green March, leading to a 16-year war with the Polisario Front. The issue remains unresolved today.
Minurso[1]
1) Western Sahara is a former Spanish colony whose status and sovereignty are disputed between Morocco and the Polisario Front representing the Sahrawi people.
2) The UN has sought to organize a referendum to allow self-determination for the people of Western Sahara since the 1970s, but Morocco opposes independence and disputes the Polisario Front's role.
3) MINURSO was established in 1991 to monitor the ceasefire between Morocco and the Polisario Front and help organize a referendum, but negotiations have been deadlocked for decades with no solution in sight.
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The tuareg are the indigenous people of the sahara desert
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Western sahara
Western Sahara is a territory in Northwest Africa occupied primarily by the Sahara desert with scarce water and plant/animal life. It was colonized by Spain in 1884 and fought for independence by the Polisario Front beginning in 1973. When Spain withdrew in 1975, Morocco took control of most of Western Sahara over Sahrawi opposition, and the region remains in dispute with the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic seeking independence through the United Nations.
Western sahara conflict
The document summarizes the Western Sahara conflict between Morocco and the Polisario Front over the disputed territory of Western Sahara. It began when Spain withdrew in 1975 after attacks by the Polisario Front seeking independence. Morocco then moved to claim the territory, leading to war between Morocco and the Polisario Front from 1975 to 1991. A ceasefire was agreed in 1991 but the conflict remains unresolved, with the Polisario Front controlling about 20-25% of the territory and Morocco controlling the rest behind a barrier wall. Peace negotiations have been attempted but have not achieved a final resolution to Western Sahara's status.
Sahara Conflict Moroccan Sahara/Western Sahara, Morocco, Africa
The disputed parties over the land of Western Sahara are the Polisario Front and Morocco. The Polisario Front is a national liberation movement that seeks independence for Western Sahara, while Morocco claims the territory as rightfully theirs. The conflict dates back to the 19th century colonial period when Western powers began colonizing Africa. Spain administered Western Sahara as a colony until 1975, when Morocco annexed the territory following the Green March, leading to a 16-year war with the Polisario Front. The issue remains unresolved today.
Minurso[1]
1) Western Sahara is a former Spanish colony whose status and sovereignty are disputed between Morocco and the Polisario Front representing the Sahrawi people.
2) The UN has sought to organize a referendum to allow self-determination for the people of Western Sahara since the 1970s, but Morocco opposes independence and disputes the Polisario Front's role.
3) MINURSO was established in 1991 to monitor the ceasefire between Morocco and the Polisario Front and help organize a referendum, but negotiations have been deadlocked for decades with no solution in sight.
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Morocco has a long history with Islam, beginning with its introduction in 681 CE. The Idrissid dynasty established an Arab state in Morocco in the 8th century, with Fez as its capital. Morocco is now a constitutional monarchy with a population of over 36 million, including Arabs, Berbers and those of mixed descent. It is located in Northwest Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea and Atlantic Ocean. King Muhammad VI is the current monarch, who has overseen reforms to improve women's and children's rights. Moroccan culture reflects influences from its diverse ethnic groups and location along major trade routes.
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Africa is the second largest continent, with diverse geography, climate and people. It has experienced a long history including ancient civilizations, colonization by European powers and the growth of new nations. Today, Africa faces challenges such as poverty, corruption, disease and conflict, but also shows signs of economic development and cooperation through organizations like the African Union. Key facts are its location surrounding the equator, the Sahara and other deserts, diverse ethnic groups and languages, and important rivers like the Nile.
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Africa is known as the plateau continent because most of it is over 1000 feet above sea level. South Africa's policy of racial segregation was called apartheid. Starting in the 1800s, European countries colonized and controlled most of Africa politically and economically, known as colonialism. Victoria Falls is one of the natural wonders of the world and Africa's largest waterfall. North African countries are more culturally similar to the Middle East due to religion. AIDS is a pandemic in Africa, affecting over 26 million people. Nelson Mandela fought against apartheid in South Africa and became the country's president in 1994. Africa has great savannah grasslands ideal for large animal migrations. Many African countries rely too heavily on one commodity. Ancient Egypt arose along
Expressyourself a
The document discusses actions the author would demand of the UN Secretary General regarding Western Sahara. Specifically, the author would demand that the Secretary General:
1) Raise awareness of the neglected situation in Western Sahara and make an end to Morocco's illegal occupation, allowing the Sahrawi people self-determination.
2) Remind EU member states that international law prohibits recognizing or assisting situations created by serious breaches, such as Morocco's occupation.
3) Pressure the EU to stop plans for a new fisheries agreement with Morocco regarding Western Sahara's waters, as this would disregard the Sahrawi people's right to self-determination. Diplomatic ties between the EU and
Unit #5 Africa
The document provides an overview of the geography, history, and colonial influence of the African continent. It describes the major physical features of Africa, including the Sahara desert, Nile River, Great Rift Valley, and key regions. It then discusses the spread of Islam in West Africa and the rise of powerful kingdoms. Finally, it summarizes European colonization of Africa in the late 19th century and the various independence movements that emerged after World War II.
Unit #5 Africa
The document provides an overview of the geography, history, and colonial influence of the African continent. It describes the major physical features of Africa, including the Sahara desert, Nile River, Great Rift Valley, and key regions. It then discusses the spread of Islam in West Africa and the rise of powerful kingdoms. Finally, it summarizes European colonization of Africa in the late 19th century and the various independence movements that emerged after World War II.
Africa
Africa is the second largest continent, covering about 20% of the world's total land area. It has a population of over 849 million that is growing rapidly. However, only 60% of Africans have access to safe water, and the continent suffers from problems like civil wars, droughts, famines, and poverty. The continent contains several iconic geographic features, including the Sahara Desert, the Nile River, Lake Victoria, Victoria Falls, the Pyramids of Giza, Table Mountain in Cape Town, and Mount Kilimanjaro. Africa's economy depends heavily on exports of cash crops like coffee, peanuts, and palm oil, as well as minerals such as gold, platinum, and diamonds.
Today’s issues in africa
Most African nations face economic, health, political and educational problems despite the continent's natural wealth. Over 300 million people live on less $1 per day and lack clean water and healthcare. Poverty stems from colonial exploitation of resources and people, which disrupted cultures and economies. European colonizers ignored ethnic groups, sowing tensions that fueled post-independence conflicts like the Rwandan genocide, where Hutus killed 800,000-1 million Tutsis over three months in 1994.
Africa: Political and Economic Geography
This document provides an overview of Africa, including its geography, history of colonization, natural resources, climate zones, languages, religions, economies, and development. Key points include:
- Africa has over 30 million square kilometers and over 1 billion people.
- Most anthropologists agree that humans emerged in Africa around 10-11 million years ago. The ancient Egyptians also had one of the earliest civilizations.
- In the late 15th-early 20th centuries, European powers colonized most of Africa and drew borders without consideration for ethnic groups, causing conflicts that continue today.
- Africa has a variety of natural resources but colonial infrastructure prioritized exporting resources rather than intra-African trade or development. Many
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Sahara : an understanding of the Sahara conflict for students
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Western Sahara Presentation
- 1. the last colony in Africa 34 years of life in refugee camps everyday human rights violation no right to self determination … and the world chooses to be silent
- 4. 1884: Colonised by Spain 1973: Polisario established 1975: Morocco and Mauritania – Green March 1979: Mauritania withdraws Morocco occupies 2/3rd of W.S. 1976-1991: Polisario v/s Morocco 1980- 1987: 1000 mile long wall by Moroccans
- 5. 1991: MINURSO – Referendum Ceasefire – referendum? 2001: Baker Plan 2007 – 2008: First ‘direct talks’ in 7 years 2009 : … still no right to self - determination
- 9. Why Western Sahara? “ Historical claims of sovereignty over the territory based on competing traditional claims, argued that the territory was artificially separated by the European colonial powers.’’
- 10. Phosphate Over 10% Moroccan exports come from Western Sahara. RESOLUTION 1803: "PERMANENT SOVEREIGNTY OVER NATURAL RESOURCES" Adopted by General Assembly resolution 1803 (XVII) of 14 December 1962 “ The exploration, development and disposition of such resources, as well as the import of the foreign capital required for these purposes, should be in conformity with the rules and conditions which the peoples and nations freely consider to be necessary or desirable with regard to the authorization, restriction or prohibition of such activities.’’ “ Violation of the rights of peoples and nations to sovereignty over their natural wealth and resources is contrary to the spirit and principles of the Charter of the United Nations and hinders the development of international co-operation and the maintenance of peace.”
- 11. Western Sahara Bu Craa mines - 1,700,000 tons extracted/year. High quality phosphate – 75 to 80% anhydrous phosphate 107 km – long conveyor belt, the longest in the world, used to transport the extracted phosphate to the Saharan coast
- 12. At the Laayoune coast Transported and marketed as Moroccan Office of Cherifiana Phosphate. Main importers: European Union And even India – Tata chemicals.
- 13. Phosphate production in Western Sahara
- 14. Yearly export 1.2 billion USD! World’s phosphate prices
- 16. Fish stock Western Sahara accounts for more than half of Morocco’s fish exports. Possible deposits of natural gas and oil. Exploration is still on… Omega 3 from Western Sahara
- 17. That’s not all …
- 24. Yet the UN has ‘no mandate to intervene’… but just to condemn!!!
- 36. and yet the world chooses to be silent…