SlideShare a Scribd company logo
Welcome to the Week 4 Resource Center!
You do not have to click and view on every item each week,
these items are here to help you get a better understanding of
the Weekly Material, as well as other resources I think you may
find helpful. Think of it like a buffet, if you know and
understand the material, pass it on by, but if you do not
understand the material, click on it and open it up to see what
you can learn from it.
To access
Assignment 1 Preparation: NOTE-for this Assignment You are
doing your own Assessment on the Business, DO NOT got to
the business website and copy their analysis. You can look at
their items for ideas, but you NEED TO DO YOUR OWN
ASSESSMENT on the business.
Click here for additional material to help fill in Sections 3 and
4: USP, Positioning Statement and Motto of the Week 4
Assignment 1.
Click here to view the assignment details, which will contain
your template and all necessary information.
Helpful Weblinks:
How to Identify Your Unique Selling Proposition (USP)
7 Steps to Idenifying your USP
Importance of Creating a Competitive Advantage with your USP
Chapter 6
Community Assessment
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders,
an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Defining the Community
Aggregate of people
The “who”
Share personal characteristics and risks
Location in space and time
The “where” and “when”
Physical location frequently delineated by boundaries and
influenced by the passage of time
Social system
The “why” and “how”
Interrelationships of aggregates fulfilling community functions
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders,
an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
2
Diagram of Assessment Parameters
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders,
an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
3
Figure 6-1
Community Assessment Parameters
Geography
Population
Environment
Industry
Education
Recreations
Religion
Communication
Transportation
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders,
an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
4
Public services
Political organization
Community development or planning
Disaster programs
Health statistics
Social problems
Health manpower
Health professional organizations
Community services
Healthy Communities
A movement to help community members bring about positive
health changes
Interconnectedness between people and the public and private
sectors is essential to make changes.
Each community has its unique perspective.
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders,
an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
5
Assessing the Community
Windshield survey
Gain an understanding of environmental layout
Locate possible areas of environmental concern through “sight,
sense, and sound”
Gives nurse an opportunity to observe people and their role in
the community
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders,
an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
6
Windshield Survey
Community vitality
Indicators of social and economic conditions
Health resources
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders,
an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
7
Environmental conditions related to health
Social functioning
Attitudes toward health and health care
Assessing the Community (Cont.)
Sources of data:
Census data and other census reports
Vital statistics
NCHS survey data
Local, regional, and state government reports
Locally generated data collection
Analysis of demographic information provides descriptive
information about the population
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders,
an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
8
Assessing the Community (Cont.)
Needs assessment
Used to understand the community’s perspective
Interview key community informants
Use community forums, focus groups, or surveys
12 Steps in a Needs Assessment
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders,
an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
9
Steps in the Needs Assessment Process
Identify aggregate for assessment
Engage the community in planning the assessment
Identify required information
Select method of data gathering
Develop questionnaires or interview questions
Develop procedures for data collection
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders,
an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
10
Steps in the Needs Assessment Process (Cont.)
Train data collectors
Arrange for a sample representative of the aggregate
Conduct needs assessment
Tabulate and analyze data
Identify needs suggested by data
Develop an action plan
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders,
an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
11
Nursing Process
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders,
an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
12
The nursing process can be applied to the community as a
client.
Needs assessment
Diagnosing health problems (actual and potential)
Planning
Intervention
Evaluation
Format for Community Health Diagnosis
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders,
an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
13
Figure 6-3 Redrawn from Muecke MA: Community health
diagnosis in nursing, Public Health Nurs 1:23-35, 1984. Used
with permission of Blackwell Scientific Publications.
Epidemiological Studies Used Throughout the Nursing Process
Support planning by establishing effectiveness of certain
interventions in specific aggregates
Construct benchmarks to gauge achievement of program
objectives
Compare data with other rates
Identify objectives of successful programs
Document effectiveness with epidemiological data
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders,
an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
14
Chapter 2
Historical Factors:
Community Health Nursing in Context
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders,
an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Stages* in the Disease History of Humankind
Hunting and gathering (before 10,000 B.C.)
Settled villages (10,000 to 6000 B.C.)
Preindustrial cities (6000 B.C. to 1800 A.D.)
Industrial cities (1700 to 1800 A.D.)
Present period (1900 to 2000 A.D.)
*Stages overlap and time periods are widely debated in the field
of anthropology. Some form of each stage remains evident in
the world today.
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders,
an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
2
Aggregate Impact on Health
Increased population
Increased population density
Imbalanced human ecology
Resulted in changes in cultural adaptation
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders,
an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
3
Evolution of Early Public Health Efforts
Prerecorded historic times (before 5000 B.C.)
Practices based on superstition or sanitation
Health practices evolved to ensure survival
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders,
an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
4
Evolution of Early Public Health Efforts (Cont.)
Classical times (3000 to 200 B.C.)
Devised ways to flush water; constructed drainage systems
Developed pharmaceutical preparations
Embalmed the dead
Dealt with pollution
Hygienic code to protect food and water
Greek and Roman impact public health
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders,
an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
5
Evolution of Early Public Health Efforts (Cont.)
Greeks
Literature contains accounts of communicable diseases
Endemic, epidemic, and pandemic
Hippocratic book on Airs, Waters and Places
Hygeia, goddess of health, or good living
Panacea, goddess of curative medicine
Balance of human life with environmental demands
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders,
an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
6
Disease Definitions
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders,
an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
7DiseaseDefinitionsEndemicDiseases that are always present in
a population (e.g., colds and pneumonia).EpidemicDiseases that
are not always present in a population but flare up on occasion
(e.g., diphtheria and measles).PandemicThe existence of disease
in a large proportion of the population—a global epidemic (e.g.,
HIV, AIDS, and annual outbreaks of influenza type A).
Evolution of Early Public Health Efforts (Cont.)
Romans
Surpassed Greek engineering
Massive aqueducts, bathhouses, and sewer systems
Addressed occupational health threats
Priests mediated diseases and dispensed medicine
Public physicians worked in designated towns
Worked in groups much like today’s HMOs
Eared money to care for the poor
Hospital for sick poor established by Fabiola, a Christian
woman
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders,
an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
8
Evolution of Early Public Health Efforts (Cont.)
Middle Ages (500 to 1500 A.D.)
Monasteries promoted collective activity to protect public
health.
Churches enforced hygienic codes.
A pandemic ravaged the world in the 14th century.
Modern public health practices (e.g., isolation, disinfection,
quarantines) emerged.
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders,
an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
9
Evolution of Early Public Health Efforts (Cont.)
Renaissance (15th, 16th, 17th centuries)
A theory about the cause of infection evolved.
Leeuwenhoek described microscopic organisms.
Elizabethan Poor Laws were enacted.
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders,
an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
10
Evolution of Early Public Health Efforts (Cont.)
18th century
The Industrial Revolution occurred.
Poor children were forced into labor.
Vaccination was discovered by Edward Jenner.
Sanitary Revolution’s public health
reforms were taking place.
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders,
an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
11
Evolution of Early Public Health Efforts (Cont.)
19th century
Communicable diseases ravaged the population that lived in
unsanitary conditions.
Edwin Chadwick examined death rates by occupation and class
in England.
The General Board of Health for England was established in
1848.
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders,
an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
12
Evolution of Early Public Health Efforts (Cont.)
19th century (Cont.)
Public health laws were enacted in 1849:
Healthy mental and physical development of citizens
Prevention of all dangers to health
Control of disease
John Snow demonstrated the transmission
of cholera via the public water source.
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders,
an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
13
Evolution of Early Public Health Efforts (Cont.)
19th century (Cont.)
Waves of epidemics occurred in the United States.
Lemuel Shattuck published vital statistics in Massachusetts; he
called for child health reform.
The first Board of Health was formed in response.
The AMA was asked to collected vital statistics.
Efforts focused on determinants of health.
The advent of “modern” health care occurred.
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders,
an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
14
Florence Nightingale (1820-1910)
Credited with establishing “modern nursing”
Concern for environmental determinants of health
Emphasis on sanitation, community assessment, and analysis
Use of graphically depicted statistics and comparable census
data
Political advocate
Education reform for nurses
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders,
an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
15
Figure 2-2
Public domain; courtesy University of Chicago Library.
Impact of Important Scientists
Louis Pasteur
Theory of existence of germs
Discovered immunizations in 1881 and the rabies vaccine in
1885
Robert Koch
Discovered causative agent for cholera and the tubercle bacillus
in 1882
Joseph Lister
Surgical success with wound care
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders,
an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
16
“Modern” Medical Care
Emergence of germ theory focused diagnosis and treatment on
individual organism and individual disease.
Community outcry for social reforms forced governments to
take action.
Boards of health and health departments began in 1866.
TB surveillance began in 1889.
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders,
an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
17
“Modern” Medical Care (Cont.)
Flexner Report (1910) outlined shortcomings of U.S. medical
schools.
Philanthropic foundations influenced health care efforts.
1916: Rockefeller Foundation
established first school of
public health at Johns Hopkins.
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders,
an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
18
Community Caregiver
Traditional healer common in non-Western, ancient, and
primitive societies.
Societies retain folk practices because of their success.
Folk healing practices are socially cohesive and involve support
systems.
Although often overlooked, cultural
practices affect health.
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders,
an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
19
Establishment of Public Health Nursing
In England
District Nursing in England, 1850s
Rathbone worked with Nightingale to educate “health nurses,”
1859
Health Visiting in Manchester, England, 1862
In the United States
Visiting Nurses, 1877
Henry Street Settlement, 1893
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders,
an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
20
Lillian Wald (1867-1940)
Established Henry Street Settlement in 1893 (along with Mary
Brewster)
Played an important role in establishing public health nursing in
the United States—later called “Visiting Nurses Association of
NYC”
Role of Henry Street Settlement was “one of helping people to
help themselves” (Wald, 1871)
The Children’s Bureau and the
Social Security Act Legislation
formed as a result of these efforts
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders,
an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
21
Other Key Dates in the Establishment of PH Nursing
First School Nurse, Linda Rogers, 1902
Metropolitan Life Insurance Company provided home nurses for
policyholders, 1909
Department of Nursing and Health at Teachers’ College of
Columbia University in NYC, 1910
National Organization of Public Health Nurses formed, 1912
(Lillian Wald was first president)
Public Health Service appointed its first public health nurse,
1913
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders,
an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
22
Changing Perspectives on Mortality in the 20th Century and
Beyond
Change from infectious diseases to chronic conditions
Modern medical advances (vaccination programs and
antibiotics)
Holistic approach to health
Better sanitation and nutrition
Grecian Hygeia (i.e., healthful living) vs. Panacea (i.e., cure)
dichotomy
Multi-causal, not uni-causal,
view of disease
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders,
an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
23
Challenges for Community Health Nursing
Promote the health of populations
Need a broadened focus on the multiple causes of morbidity and
mortality
Aware of increased technological advances
Understand the community need for a focus on prevention,
health promotion, and home care
Focus on holistic care
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders,
an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
24
Challenges for Community Health Nursing (Cont.)
Emphasis on population-based focus nursing
Work on behalf of aggregates
Understand social determinants of health
Gather information and statistics to make decisions
Be part of the solution to find ways to solve persistent health
problems
Emphasize society’s responsibility for health
Empower people to help themselves
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders,
an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
25
Chapter 1
Health: A Community View
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders,
an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Nies: Power Points, Evolve Resources for Nies/McEwen:
Community Health Nursing, 4th ed.
1
Community/Public Health Nursing …
… is the synthesis of nursing practice and public health
practice.
… has the major goal to preserve the health of the community
and surrounding populations.
… focuses on health promotion and health maintenance.
… is associated with health and identification of populations at
risk rather than an episodic response to patient demand.
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders,
an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
2
Nies: Power Points, Evolve Resources for Nies/McEwen:
Community Health Nursing, 4th ed.
2
The mission of public health is …
… social justice, which entitles all people to basic necessities
such as adequate income and health protection and accepts
collective burdens to make this possible.
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders,
an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
3
http://www.health.gov/phfunctions/public.htm
Nies: Power Points, Evolve Resources for Nies/McEwen:
Community Health Nursing, 4th ed.
3
How Do We Define Health?
A state of complete well-being, physical, social, and mental,
and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
– World Health Organization, 1958
The extent to which an individual or group is able, on the one
hand, to realize aspirations and satisfy needs; and, on the other
hand, to change or cope with the environment. Health is,
therefore, seen as a resource for everyday life, not the objective
of living; it is a positive concept emphasizing social and
personal resources, and physical capacities.
– World Health Organization, 1986
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders,
an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
4
Nies: Power Points, Evolve Resources for Nies/McEwen:
Community Health Nursing, 4th ed.
4
Community …
… a group or collection of locality-based individuals,
interacting in social units and sharing common interests,
characteristics, values, and/or goals.
Nies and McEwen, 2013
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders,
an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
5
Nies: Power Points, Evolve Resources for Nies/McEwen:
Community Health Nursing, 4th ed.
5
Figure 1-2
From U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office of
Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. Federal Interagency
Workgroup: The vision, mission, and goals of Healthy People
2020.
http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/Consortium/HP2020Framew
ork.pdf. Accessed July 2013.
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders,
an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
6
Nies: Power Points, Evolve Resources for Nies/McEwen:
Community Health Nursing, 4th ed.
6
Healthy People 2020 Leading Health Indicators
Access to Health Services
Clinical Preventive Services
Environmental Quality
Injury and Violence
Maternal, Infant, and Child Health
Mental Health
Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity
Oral Health
Reproductive and Sexual Health
Social Determinants
Substance Abuse
Tobacco Use
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders,
an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
7
Nies: Power Points, Evolve Resources for Nies/McEwen:
Community Health Nursing, 4th ed.
7
Public and Community Health
Public health is the Science and Art of …
(1) preventing disease,
(2) prolonging life, and
(3) promoting health and efficiency through organized
community effort…
C.E. Winslow…
Community health extends the realm of public health …
…to include organized health efforts at the community level
through both government and private efforts.
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders,
an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
8
Core Public Health Functions
Assessment: Regular collection, analysis, and information
sharing about health conditions, risks, and resources in a
community.
Policy development: Use of information gathered during
assessment to develop local and state health policies and to
direct resources toward those policies.
Assurance: Focuses on the availability of necessary heath
services throughout the community. It includes maintaining the
ability of both public health agencies and private providers to
manage day-to-day operations and the capacity to respond to
critical situations and emergencies.
– Institute of Medicine (1988)
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders,
an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
9
Nies: Power Points, Evolve Resources for Nies/McEwen:
Community Health Nursing, 4th ed.
9
10 Essential Services
Assessment
Monitor health status to identify community health problems.
Diagnose and investigate health problems and health hazards in
the community.
Research for new insights and innovative solutions to health
problems.
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders,
an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
10
Nies: Power Points, Evolve Resources for Nies/McEwen:
Community Health Nursing, 4th ed.
10
10 Essential Services (Cont.)
Policy Development
Inform, educate, and empower people about health issues.
Mobilize community partnerships to identify and solve health
problems.
Develop policies and plans that support individual and
community health efforts.
Research for new insights and innovative solutions to health
problems.
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders,
an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
11
Nies: Power Points, Evolve Resources for Nies/McEwen:
Community Health Nursing, 4th ed.
11
10 Essential Services (Cont.)
Assurance
Enforce laws and regulations that protect health and ensure
safety.
Link people to needed personal health services and ensure the
provision of health care when otherwise unavailable.
Ensure a competent public health and personal health care
workforce.
Evaluate effectiveness, accessibility, and quality of personal
and population-based health services.
Research for new insights and innovative solutions to health
problems.
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders,
an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
12
Nies: Power Points, Evolve Resources for Nies/McEwen:
Community Health Nursing, 4th ed.
12
The Three Levels of Prevention
Primary prevention
Prevention of problems before they occur
Health promotion and health protection
Secondary prevention
Early detection and intervention
Early diagnosis and treatment
Tertiary prevention
Correction and prevention of deterioration of a disease state
Limitation of disability and rehabilitation
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders,
an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
13
Nies: Power Points, Evolve Resources for Nies/McEwen:
Community Health Nursing, 4th ed.
13
The Three Levels of Prevention (Cont.)
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders,
an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
14
Figure 1-2
Nies: Power Points, Evolve Resources for Nies/McEwen:
Community Health Nursing, 4th ed.
14
Level of Prevention—Individual
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders,
an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
15
Nies: Power Points, Evolve Resources for Nies/McEwen:
Community Health Nursing, 4th ed.
15
Level of Prevention—Family
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders,
an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
16
Nies: Power Points, Evolve Resources for Nies/McEwen:
Community Health Nursing, 4th ed.
16
Level of Prevention—Group
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders,
an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
17
Nies: Power Points, Evolve Resources for Nies/McEwen:
Community Health Nursing, 4th ed.
17
Level of Prevention—Community
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders,
an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
18
Nies: Power Points, Evolve Resources for Nies/McEwen:
Community Health Nursing, 4th ed.
18
Healthy People 2020
Vision
A society in which all people live long, healthy lives.
Overarching Goals
Attain high-quality, longer lives free of preventable disease,
disability, injury, and premature death.
Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the
health of all groups.
Create social and physical environments that promote good
health for all.
Promote quality of life, healthy development, and healthy
behaviors across all life stages.
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders,
an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
19
Nies: Power Points, Evolve Resources for Nies/McEwen:
Community Health Nursing, 4th ed.
19
Healthy People 2020
(Cont.)
HP2020 has 42 focus areas
The objectives and related information and materials can help
guide health promotion activities and can be used to aid in
community-wide initiatives.
(USDHHS, 2013)
All health care practitioners…
should focus on the relevant areas in their practice
incorporate objectives into programs, events, and publications
whenever possible
use them as a framework to promote healthy cities and
communities
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders,
an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
20
Nies: Power Points, Evolve Resources for Nies/McEwen:
Community Health Nursing, 4th ed.
20
Healthy People 2020 Topic Areas
Access to Quality Health Services
Adolescent Health New
Arthritis, Osteoporosis and Chronic Back Conditions
Blood Disorders and Blood Safety New
Cancer
Chronic Kidney Disease
Dementias, including Alzheimer’s Disease New
Diabetes
Disability and Secondary Conditions
Early and Middle Childhood
Educational and Community-based Programs
Environmental Health
Family Planning
Food Safety
Genomics New
Global Health New
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders,
an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
21
Nies: Power Points, Evolve Resources for Nies/McEwen:
Community Health Nursing, 4th ed.
21
Healthy People 2020 Topic
Areas (Cont.)
Health Communication and Health Information Technology
Healthcare-Associated Infections New
Health-Related Quality of Life and Well-Being New
Hearing and Other Sensory or Communication Disorders
Heart Disease and Stroke
HIV
Immunization and Infectious Diseases
Injury and Violence Prevention
Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender
Health New
Maternal, Infant, and Child Health
Medical Product Safety
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders,
an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
22
Nies: Power Points, Evolve Resources for Nies/McEwen:
Community Health Nursing, 4th ed.
22
Healthy People 2020 Topic Areas (Cont.)
Mental Health and Mental Disorders
Nutrition and Weight Status
Occupational Safety and Health
Older Health New
Oral Health
Physical Activity
Preparedness New
Public Health Infrastructure
Respiratory Disease
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Sleep Health New
Social Determinants of Health New
Substance Abuse
Tobacco Use
Vision
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders,
an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
23
Nies: Power Points, Evolve Resources for Nies/McEwen:
Community Health Nursing, 4th ed.
23
Public Health Nursing
ANA definition (2007)
The practice of promoting and protecting the health of
populations
Uses knowledge from nursing, as well as social and public
health sciences, to promote and protect the health of
populations.
Is population focused, with the goals of promoting health and
preventing disease and disability for all people
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders,
an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
24
Nies: Power Points, Evolve Resources for Nies/McEwen:
Community Health Nursing, 4th ed.
24
Community Health Nursing
ANA definition (1980)
Synthesis of nursing practice and public health to promote and
preserve the health of populations
Care is directed to individuals, families, groups
Contributes to health of the total population
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders,
an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
25
*The terms Public Health Nursing and Community Health
Nursing are used interchangeably in Nies and McEwen, 6th
edition.
Community-Based Nursing
“Application of the nursing process in caring for individuals,
families and groups where they live, work or go to school or as
they move through the health care system”
–McEwen and Pullis, 2009
Setting-specific
Emphasis is on acute and chronic care
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders,
an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
26
Community and Public Health Nursing Practice
Nurses practice disease prevention and health promotion
Practice is collaborative
Practice is based on research and theory
Applies the nursing process to the care of…
Individuals
Families
Aggregates
The community
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders,
an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
27
Population-Focused Nursing
Focuses on the entire population
Is based on assessment of the population’s health status
Considers the broad determinants of health
Emphasizes all levels of prevention
Intervenes with communities, systems, individuals, and families
– Minnesota Department of Health, 2003
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders,
an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
28
Nies: Power Points, Evolve Resources for Nies/McEwen:
Community Health Nursing, 4th ed.
28
PHN Intervention Wheel
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders,
an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
29
Figure 1-3
Illustration from Minnesota Dept. of Health Center for Public
Health Nursing.
Is population based
Contains three levels of practice (individual, community, and
system)
Identifies 17 public health interventions
Nies: Power Points, Evolve Resources for Nies/McEwen:
Community Health Nursing, 4th ed.
29
Public Health Interventions
(purple section)
Surveillance: Describes and monitors health events through
ongoing and systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation
of health data for the purpose of planning, implementing, and
evaluating public health interventions.
Disease and other health event investigation: Systematically
gathers and analyzes data regarding threats to the health of
populations, ascertains the source of the threat, identifies cases
and others at risk, and determines control measures.
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders,
an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
30
Nies: Power Points, Evolve Resources for Nies/McEwen:
Community Health Nursing, 4th ed.
30
Public Health Interventions
(purple section) (Cont.)
Outreach: Locates populations of interest or populations at risk
and provides information about the nature of the concern, what
can be done about it, and how services can be obtained.
Screening: Identifies individuals with unrecognized health risk
factors or asymptomatic disease conditions in populations.
Case finding: Locates individuals and families with identified
risk factors and connects them with resources.
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders,
an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
31
Nies: Power Points, Evolve Resources for Nies/McEwen:
Community Health Nursing, 4th ed.
31
Public Health Interventions
(green section)
Referral and follow-up: Helps individuals, families, groups,
organizations, and/or communities identify and access necessary
resources to prevent or resolve problems or concerns.
Case management: Optimizes self-care capabilities of
individuals and families and the capacity of systems and
communities to coordinate and provide services.
Delegated functions: Direct care tasks a registered professional
nurse carries out under the authority of a health care
practitioner as allowed by law.
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders,
an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
32
Nies: Power Points, Evolve Resources for Nies/McEwen:
Community Health Nursing, 4th ed.
32
Public Health Interventions
(blue section)
Health teaching: Communicates facts, ideas, and skills that
change knowledge, attitudes, values, beliefs, behaviors, and
practices of individuals, families, systems, and/or communities.
Counseling: Establishes an interpersonal relationship intended
to increase or enhance capacity for self-care and coping with a
community, system, and family or individual.
Consultation: Seeks information and generates optional
solutions to perceived problems or issues through interactive
problem-solving with a community, system, and family or
individual.
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders,
an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
33
Nies: Power Points, Evolve Resources for Nies/McEwen:
Community Health Nursing, 4th ed.
33
Public Health Interventions
(red section)
Collaboration: Commits two or more persons or organizations to
achieve a common goal through enhancing the capacity of one
or more of the members to promote and protect health.
Coalition building: Promotes and develops alliances among
organizations or constituencies for a common purpose.
Community organizing: Helps community groups identify
common problems or goals, mobilize resources, and develop and
implement strategies for reaching the goals they collectively
have set.
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders,
an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
34
Nies: Power Points, Evolve Resources for Nies/McEwen:
Community Health Nursing, 4th ed.
34
Public Health Interventions
(yellow section)
Advocacy: Plead someone’s cause or act on someone’s behalf,
with focus on developing the capacity of the community,
system, and individual or family to plead their own cause or act
on their own behalf.
Social marketing: Uses commercial marketing principles and
technologies for programs designed to influence the knowledge,
attitudes, values, beliefs, behaviors, and practices of the
population of interest.
Policy development and enforcement: Places health issues on
decision-makers’ agendas, acquires a plan of resolution, and
determines needed resources, resulting in laws, rules,
regulations, ordinances, and policies. Policy enforcement
compels others to comply with laws, rules, regulations,
ordinances, and policies.
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders,
an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
35
Nies: Power Points, Evolve Resources for Nies/McEwen:
Community Health Nursing, 4th ed.
35
Providing population-based care… a shift in thinking
Populations are not homogeneous; must address the needs of
special subpopulations.
High-risk and vulnerable subpopulations must be identified
early in the care delivery cycle.
Nonusers of services often become high-cost users; essential to
develop outreach strategies.
Quality and cost of all health care services are linked together
across the health care continuum.
(Kaiser Family Foundation, 2013)
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders,
an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
36
Assignment 1: Vice President of Operations, Part 1
Scenario: Imagine that you are the vice president of operations
at a production or service organization. You have noticed that
your organization’s current operations strategy is not supporting
the challenges that the organization is presently facing. In order
to maintain a competitive edge, you must address these
challenges with your Chief Executive Officer immediately.
Select an existing production organization. Analyze the
organization’s current vision, mission, business strategy,
operation strategy, supply chain, total quality management, just-
in-time philosophy, forecasting method, statistical technique,
facility location, work design, project life cycle, and project
management. Note: You will need this information in order to
complete this and subsequent assignments.
As you collect the information for Assignment 1 and
Assignment 2, remember that in Assignment 3 you must prepare
a presentation for your Chief Executive Officer.
Write a three to five (3-5) page paper in which you:
1. Evaluate key elements of the selected production or service
organization’s operational efficiency with its operational
strategy. Determine three (3) tasks that do not align with the
operational strategy. Determine the weaknesses that are evident
in each task.
2. Formulate a new operations strategy for the selected
organization based on the four (4) competitive priorities (i.e.,
cost, quality, time, and flexibility).
3. Analyze both the structure of the competitive priorities and
infrastructure of the production process. Develop three (3) new
enablers that are aligned with the long-term plan of the selected
organization. Evaluate three (3) pros and three (3) cons of the
new enablers.
4. Use at least four (4) quality academic resources in this
assignment. Note: Wikipedia and other Websites do not quality
as academic resources.
The assignment must follow these formatting requirements:
· Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size
12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references
must follow APA format.
· Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the
student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the
date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in
the required assignment page length.
The specific course learning outcomes associated with this
assignment are:
· Analyze the differences between service and manufacturing
operations management to identify planning considerations.
· Formulate an operations strategy to conduct production or
service operations.
· Explain how an operations strategy impacts product design
and process selection.
· Use technology and information resources to research issues in
operations management.
· Write clearly and concisely about operations management
using proper writing mechanics.

More Related Content

Similar to Welcome to the Week 4 Resource Center!You do not have to click a.docx

Explain the difference between health nursing practice.pdf
Explain the difference between health nursing practice.pdfExplain the difference between health nursing practice.pdf
Explain the difference between health nursing practice.pdf
sdfghj21
 
A Community View.pdf
A Community View.pdfA Community View.pdf
A Community View.pdf
sdfghj21
 
Historical Community Health Nursing in Context Community Discussion.pdf
Historical Community Health Nursing in Context Community Discussion.pdfHistorical Community Health Nursing in Context Community Discussion.pdf
Historical Community Health Nursing in Context Community Discussion.pdf
bkbk37
 
Definitions of Health from A Public Health Nursing Perspective Paper.pdf
Definitions of Health from A Public Health Nursing Perspective Paper.pdfDefinitions of Health from A Public Health Nursing Perspective Paper.pdf
Definitions of Health from A Public Health Nursing Perspective Paper.pdf
sdfghj21
 
Question 3This is Question 1 from the unit 8Family Systems Th.docx
Question 3This is Question 1 from the unit 8Family Systems Th.docxQuestion 3This is Question 1 from the unit 8Family Systems Th.docx
Question 3This is Question 1 from the unit 8Family Systems Th.docx
audeleypearl
 
Chapter 7Community Health Planning, Implementation, and
Chapter 7Community Health Planning, Implementation, and Chapter 7Community Health Planning, Implementation, and
Chapter 7Community Health Planning, Implementation, and
JinElias52
 
Public Health Community Nursing Questions Discussion.pdf
Public Health Community Nursing Questions Discussion.pdfPublic Health Community Nursing Questions Discussion.pdf
Public Health Community Nursing Questions Discussion.pdf
stirlingvwriters
 
Community Health Nursing Questions.pdf
Community Health Nursing Questions.pdfCommunity Health Nursing Questions.pdf
Community Health Nursing Questions.pdf
bkbk37
 
Application of The Public Health Principles Paper.pdf
Application of The Public Health Principles Paper.pdfApplication of The Public Health Principles Paper.pdf
Application of The Public Health Principles Paper.pdf
bkbk37
 
Public Health Community Nursing Questions Discussion HW.pdf
Public Health Community Nursing Questions Discussion HW.pdfPublic Health Community Nursing Questions Discussion HW.pdf
Public Health Community Nursing Questions Discussion HW.pdf
stirlingvwriters
 
Chapter 1Health A Community ViewCopyright © 2015, 2011, 2.docx
Chapter 1Health A Community ViewCopyright © 2015, 2011, 2.docxChapter 1Health A Community ViewCopyright © 2015, 2011, 2.docx
Chapter 1Health A Community ViewCopyright © 2015, 2011, 2.docx
keturahhazelhurst
 
define the concept.pdf
define the concept.pdfdefine the concept.pdf
define the concept.pdf
sdfghj21
 
Chapter 4Health Promotion and Risk Reduction.Copyright ©.docx
Chapter 4Health Promotion and Risk Reduction.Copyright ©.docxChapter 4Health Promotion and Risk Reduction.Copyright ©.docx
Chapter 4Health Promotion and Risk Reduction.Copyright ©.docx
robertad6
 
Writing an OutlineOutlines can help you organize your thoughts and.docx
Writing an OutlineOutlines can help you organize your thoughts and.docxWriting an OutlineOutlines can help you organize your thoughts and.docx
Writing an OutlineOutlines can help you organize your thoughts and.docx
odiliagilby
 
Chapter 15Health in the Global CommunityCopyright © 2015, 20.docx
Chapter 15Health in the Global CommunityCopyright © 2015, 20.docxChapter 15Health in the Global CommunityCopyright © 2015, 20.docx
Chapter 15Health in the Global CommunityCopyright © 2015, 20.docx
bartholomeocoombs
 
The role of the community or public health nursing in.pdf
The role of the community or public health nursing in.pdfThe role of the community or public health nursing in.pdf
The role of the community or public health nursing in.pdf
sdfghj21
 
Historical Community Health Nursing in Context Community Assessment and Popul...
Historical Community Health Nursing in Context Community Assessment and Popul...Historical Community Health Nursing in Context Community Assessment and Popul...
Historical Community Health Nursing in Context Community Assessment and Popul...
bkbk37
 
Chapter 15Health in the Global CommunityCopyright © 2015, 20.docx
Chapter 15Health in the Global CommunityCopyright © 2015, 20.docxChapter 15Health in the Global CommunityCopyright © 2015, 20.docx
Chapter 15Health in the Global CommunityCopyright © 2015, 20.docx
keturahhazelhurst
 
Chapter 8Community Health EducationCopyright © 2015, 2011, 2.docx
Chapter 8Community Health EducationCopyright © 2015, 2011, 2.docxChapter 8Community Health EducationCopyright © 2015, 2011, 2.docx
Chapter 8Community Health EducationCopyright © 2015, 2011, 2.docx
tiffanyd4
 
Chapter 8Community Health EducationCopyright © 2015, 2011, 2.docx
Chapter 8Community Health EducationCopyright © 2015, 2011, 2.docxChapter 8Community Health EducationCopyright © 2015, 2011, 2.docx
Chapter 8Community Health EducationCopyright © 2015, 2011, 2.docx
mccormicknadine86
 

Similar to Welcome to the Week 4 Resource Center!You do not have to click a.docx (20)

Explain the difference between health nursing practice.pdf
Explain the difference between health nursing practice.pdfExplain the difference between health nursing practice.pdf
Explain the difference between health nursing practice.pdf
 
A Community View.pdf
A Community View.pdfA Community View.pdf
A Community View.pdf
 
Historical Community Health Nursing in Context Community Discussion.pdf
Historical Community Health Nursing in Context Community Discussion.pdfHistorical Community Health Nursing in Context Community Discussion.pdf
Historical Community Health Nursing in Context Community Discussion.pdf
 
Definitions of Health from A Public Health Nursing Perspective Paper.pdf
Definitions of Health from A Public Health Nursing Perspective Paper.pdfDefinitions of Health from A Public Health Nursing Perspective Paper.pdf
Definitions of Health from A Public Health Nursing Perspective Paper.pdf
 
Question 3This is Question 1 from the unit 8Family Systems Th.docx
Question 3This is Question 1 from the unit 8Family Systems Th.docxQuestion 3This is Question 1 from the unit 8Family Systems Th.docx
Question 3This is Question 1 from the unit 8Family Systems Th.docx
 
Chapter 7Community Health Planning, Implementation, and
Chapter 7Community Health Planning, Implementation, and Chapter 7Community Health Planning, Implementation, and
Chapter 7Community Health Planning, Implementation, and
 
Public Health Community Nursing Questions Discussion.pdf
Public Health Community Nursing Questions Discussion.pdfPublic Health Community Nursing Questions Discussion.pdf
Public Health Community Nursing Questions Discussion.pdf
 
Community Health Nursing Questions.pdf
Community Health Nursing Questions.pdfCommunity Health Nursing Questions.pdf
Community Health Nursing Questions.pdf
 
Application of The Public Health Principles Paper.pdf
Application of The Public Health Principles Paper.pdfApplication of The Public Health Principles Paper.pdf
Application of The Public Health Principles Paper.pdf
 
Public Health Community Nursing Questions Discussion HW.pdf
Public Health Community Nursing Questions Discussion HW.pdfPublic Health Community Nursing Questions Discussion HW.pdf
Public Health Community Nursing Questions Discussion HW.pdf
 
Chapter 1Health A Community ViewCopyright © 2015, 2011, 2.docx
Chapter 1Health A Community ViewCopyright © 2015, 2011, 2.docxChapter 1Health A Community ViewCopyright © 2015, 2011, 2.docx
Chapter 1Health A Community ViewCopyright © 2015, 2011, 2.docx
 
define the concept.pdf
define the concept.pdfdefine the concept.pdf
define the concept.pdf
 
Chapter 4Health Promotion and Risk Reduction.Copyright ©.docx
Chapter 4Health Promotion and Risk Reduction.Copyright ©.docxChapter 4Health Promotion and Risk Reduction.Copyright ©.docx
Chapter 4Health Promotion and Risk Reduction.Copyright ©.docx
 
Writing an OutlineOutlines can help you organize your thoughts and.docx
Writing an OutlineOutlines can help you organize your thoughts and.docxWriting an OutlineOutlines can help you organize your thoughts and.docx
Writing an OutlineOutlines can help you organize your thoughts and.docx
 
Chapter 15Health in the Global CommunityCopyright © 2015, 20.docx
Chapter 15Health in the Global CommunityCopyright © 2015, 20.docxChapter 15Health in the Global CommunityCopyright © 2015, 20.docx
Chapter 15Health in the Global CommunityCopyright © 2015, 20.docx
 
The role of the community or public health nursing in.pdf
The role of the community or public health nursing in.pdfThe role of the community or public health nursing in.pdf
The role of the community or public health nursing in.pdf
 
Historical Community Health Nursing in Context Community Assessment and Popul...
Historical Community Health Nursing in Context Community Assessment and Popul...Historical Community Health Nursing in Context Community Assessment and Popul...
Historical Community Health Nursing in Context Community Assessment and Popul...
 
Chapter 15Health in the Global CommunityCopyright © 2015, 20.docx
Chapter 15Health in the Global CommunityCopyright © 2015, 20.docxChapter 15Health in the Global CommunityCopyright © 2015, 20.docx
Chapter 15Health in the Global CommunityCopyright © 2015, 20.docx
 
Chapter 8Community Health EducationCopyright © 2015, 2011, 2.docx
Chapter 8Community Health EducationCopyright © 2015, 2011, 2.docxChapter 8Community Health EducationCopyright © 2015, 2011, 2.docx
Chapter 8Community Health EducationCopyright © 2015, 2011, 2.docx
 
Chapter 8Community Health EducationCopyright © 2015, 2011, 2.docx
Chapter 8Community Health EducationCopyright © 2015, 2011, 2.docxChapter 8Community Health EducationCopyright © 2015, 2011, 2.docx
Chapter 8Community Health EducationCopyright © 2015, 2011, 2.docx
 

More from helzerpatrina

Most patients with mental health disorders are not aggressive. H.docx
Most patients with mental health disorders are not aggressive. H.docxMost patients with mental health disorders are not aggressive. H.docx
Most patients with mental health disorders are not aggressive. H.docx
helzerpatrina
 
MotivationExplain your motivation for applying to this prog.docx
MotivationExplain your motivation for applying to this prog.docxMotivationExplain your motivation for applying to this prog.docx
MotivationExplain your motivation for applying to this prog.docx
helzerpatrina
 
Most public policy is made from within government agencies. Select a.docx
Most public policy is made from within government agencies. Select a.docxMost public policy is made from within government agencies. Select a.docx
Most public policy is made from within government agencies. Select a.docx
helzerpatrina
 
Mr. Smith brings his 4-year-old son to your primary care office. He .docx
Mr. Smith brings his 4-year-old son to your primary care office. He .docxMr. Smith brings his 4-year-old son to your primary care office. He .docx
Mr. Smith brings his 4-year-old son to your primary care office. He .docx
helzerpatrina
 
Mrs. Walsh, a woman in her 70s, was in critical condition after rep.docx
Mrs. Walsh, a woman in her 70s, was in critical condition after rep.docxMrs. Walsh, a woman in her 70s, was in critical condition after rep.docx
Mrs. Walsh, a woman in her 70s, was in critical condition after rep.docx
helzerpatrina
 
Much has been made of the new Web 2.0 phenomenon, including social n.docx
Much has been made of the new Web 2.0 phenomenon, including social n.docxMuch has been made of the new Web 2.0 phenomenon, including social n.docx
Much has been made of the new Web 2.0 phenomenon, including social n.docx
helzerpatrina
 
MSN 5550 Health Promotion Prevention of Disease Case Study Module 2.docx
MSN 5550 Health Promotion Prevention of Disease Case Study Module 2.docxMSN 5550 Health Promotion Prevention of Disease Case Study Module 2.docx
MSN 5550 Health Promotion Prevention of Disease Case Study Module 2.docx
helzerpatrina
 
MSEL Strategy Mid-term Instructions Miguel Rivera-SantosFormat.docx
MSEL Strategy Mid-term Instructions Miguel Rivera-SantosFormat.docxMSEL Strategy Mid-term Instructions Miguel Rivera-SantosFormat.docx
MSEL Strategy Mid-term Instructions Miguel Rivera-SantosFormat.docx
helzerpatrina
 
Much of the focus in network security centers upon measures in preve.docx
Much of the focus in network security centers upon measures in preve.docxMuch of the focus in network security centers upon measures in preve.docx
Much of the focus in network security centers upon measures in preve.docx
helzerpatrina
 
Mt. Baker Hazards Hazard Rating Score High silic.docx
Mt. Baker   Hazards Hazard Rating Score High silic.docxMt. Baker   Hazards Hazard Rating Score High silic.docx
Mt. Baker Hazards Hazard Rating Score High silic.docx
helzerpatrina
 
Motivation and Cognitive FactorsQuestion AAlfred Hit.docx
Motivation and Cognitive FactorsQuestion AAlfred Hit.docxMotivation and Cognitive FactorsQuestion AAlfred Hit.docx
Motivation and Cognitive FactorsQuestion AAlfred Hit.docx
helzerpatrina
 
Motivation in OrganizationsMotivation i.docx
Motivation in OrganizationsMotivation i.docxMotivation in OrganizationsMotivation i.docx
Motivation in OrganizationsMotivation i.docx
helzerpatrina
 
Motivations to Support Charity-Linked Events After Exposure to.docx
Motivations to Support Charity-Linked Events After Exposure to.docxMotivations to Support Charity-Linked Events After Exposure to.docx
Motivations to Support Charity-Linked Events After Exposure to.docx
helzerpatrina
 
Mrs. Walsh, a woman in her 70s, was in critical condition after.docx
Mrs. Walsh, a woman in her 70s, was in critical condition after.docxMrs. Walsh, a woman in her 70s, was in critical condition after.docx
Mrs. Walsh, a woman in her 70s, was in critical condition after.docx
helzerpatrina
 
MOVIE TITLE IS LIAR LIAR starring JIM CARREYProvide the name o.docx
MOVIE TITLE IS LIAR LIAR starring JIM CARREYProvide the name o.docxMOVIE TITLE IS LIAR LIAR starring JIM CARREYProvide the name o.docx
MOVIE TITLE IS LIAR LIAR starring JIM CARREYProvide the name o.docx
helzerpatrina
 
mple selection, and assignment to groups (as applicable). Describe.docx
mple selection, and assignment to groups (as applicable). Describe.docxmple selection, and assignment to groups (as applicable). Describe.docx
mple selection, and assignment to groups (as applicable). Describe.docx
helzerpatrina
 
More and more businesses have integrated social media into every asp.docx
More and more businesses have integrated social media into every asp.docxMore and more businesses have integrated social media into every asp.docx
More and more businesses have integrated social media into every asp.docx
helzerpatrina
 
Module Five Directions for the ComparisonContrast EssayWrite a.docx
Module Five Directions for the ComparisonContrast EssayWrite a.docxModule Five Directions for the ComparisonContrast EssayWrite a.docx
Module Five Directions for the ComparisonContrast EssayWrite a.docx
helzerpatrina
 
Monica asked that we meet to see if I could help to reduce the d.docx
Monica asked that we meet to see if I could help to reduce the d.docxMonica asked that we meet to see if I could help to reduce the d.docx
Monica asked that we meet to see if I could help to reduce the d.docx
helzerpatrina
 
Module 6 AssignmentPlease list and describe four types of Cy.docx
Module 6 AssignmentPlease list and describe four types of Cy.docxModule 6 AssignmentPlease list and describe four types of Cy.docx
Module 6 AssignmentPlease list and describe four types of Cy.docx
helzerpatrina
 

More from helzerpatrina (20)

Most patients with mental health disorders are not aggressive. H.docx
Most patients with mental health disorders are not aggressive. H.docxMost patients with mental health disorders are not aggressive. H.docx
Most patients with mental health disorders are not aggressive. H.docx
 
MotivationExplain your motivation for applying to this prog.docx
MotivationExplain your motivation for applying to this prog.docxMotivationExplain your motivation for applying to this prog.docx
MotivationExplain your motivation for applying to this prog.docx
 
Most public policy is made from within government agencies. Select a.docx
Most public policy is made from within government agencies. Select a.docxMost public policy is made from within government agencies. Select a.docx
Most public policy is made from within government agencies. Select a.docx
 
Mr. Smith brings his 4-year-old son to your primary care office. He .docx
Mr. Smith brings his 4-year-old son to your primary care office. He .docxMr. Smith brings his 4-year-old son to your primary care office. He .docx
Mr. Smith brings his 4-year-old son to your primary care office. He .docx
 
Mrs. Walsh, a woman in her 70s, was in critical condition after rep.docx
Mrs. Walsh, a woman in her 70s, was in critical condition after rep.docxMrs. Walsh, a woman in her 70s, was in critical condition after rep.docx
Mrs. Walsh, a woman in her 70s, was in critical condition after rep.docx
 
Much has been made of the new Web 2.0 phenomenon, including social n.docx
Much has been made of the new Web 2.0 phenomenon, including social n.docxMuch has been made of the new Web 2.0 phenomenon, including social n.docx
Much has been made of the new Web 2.0 phenomenon, including social n.docx
 
MSN 5550 Health Promotion Prevention of Disease Case Study Module 2.docx
MSN 5550 Health Promotion Prevention of Disease Case Study Module 2.docxMSN 5550 Health Promotion Prevention of Disease Case Study Module 2.docx
MSN 5550 Health Promotion Prevention of Disease Case Study Module 2.docx
 
MSEL Strategy Mid-term Instructions Miguel Rivera-SantosFormat.docx
MSEL Strategy Mid-term Instructions Miguel Rivera-SantosFormat.docxMSEL Strategy Mid-term Instructions Miguel Rivera-SantosFormat.docx
MSEL Strategy Mid-term Instructions Miguel Rivera-SantosFormat.docx
 
Much of the focus in network security centers upon measures in preve.docx
Much of the focus in network security centers upon measures in preve.docxMuch of the focus in network security centers upon measures in preve.docx
Much of the focus in network security centers upon measures in preve.docx
 
Mt. Baker Hazards Hazard Rating Score High silic.docx
Mt. Baker   Hazards Hazard Rating Score High silic.docxMt. Baker   Hazards Hazard Rating Score High silic.docx
Mt. Baker Hazards Hazard Rating Score High silic.docx
 
Motivation and Cognitive FactorsQuestion AAlfred Hit.docx
Motivation and Cognitive FactorsQuestion AAlfred Hit.docxMotivation and Cognitive FactorsQuestion AAlfred Hit.docx
Motivation and Cognitive FactorsQuestion AAlfred Hit.docx
 
Motivation in OrganizationsMotivation i.docx
Motivation in OrganizationsMotivation i.docxMotivation in OrganizationsMotivation i.docx
Motivation in OrganizationsMotivation i.docx
 
Motivations to Support Charity-Linked Events After Exposure to.docx
Motivations to Support Charity-Linked Events After Exposure to.docxMotivations to Support Charity-Linked Events After Exposure to.docx
Motivations to Support Charity-Linked Events After Exposure to.docx
 
Mrs. Walsh, a woman in her 70s, was in critical condition after.docx
Mrs. Walsh, a woman in her 70s, was in critical condition after.docxMrs. Walsh, a woman in her 70s, was in critical condition after.docx
Mrs. Walsh, a woman in her 70s, was in critical condition after.docx
 
MOVIE TITLE IS LIAR LIAR starring JIM CARREYProvide the name o.docx
MOVIE TITLE IS LIAR LIAR starring JIM CARREYProvide the name o.docxMOVIE TITLE IS LIAR LIAR starring JIM CARREYProvide the name o.docx
MOVIE TITLE IS LIAR LIAR starring JIM CARREYProvide the name o.docx
 
mple selection, and assignment to groups (as applicable). Describe.docx
mple selection, and assignment to groups (as applicable). Describe.docxmple selection, and assignment to groups (as applicable). Describe.docx
mple selection, and assignment to groups (as applicable). Describe.docx
 
More and more businesses have integrated social media into every asp.docx
More and more businesses have integrated social media into every asp.docxMore and more businesses have integrated social media into every asp.docx
More and more businesses have integrated social media into every asp.docx
 
Module Five Directions for the ComparisonContrast EssayWrite a.docx
Module Five Directions for the ComparisonContrast EssayWrite a.docxModule Five Directions for the ComparisonContrast EssayWrite a.docx
Module Five Directions for the ComparisonContrast EssayWrite a.docx
 
Monica asked that we meet to see if I could help to reduce the d.docx
Monica asked that we meet to see if I could help to reduce the d.docxMonica asked that we meet to see if I could help to reduce the d.docx
Monica asked that we meet to see if I could help to reduce the d.docx
 
Module 6 AssignmentPlease list and describe four types of Cy.docx
Module 6 AssignmentPlease list and describe four types of Cy.docxModule 6 AssignmentPlease list and describe four types of Cy.docx
Module 6 AssignmentPlease list and describe four types of Cy.docx
 

Recently uploaded

special B.ed 2nd year old paper_20240531.pdf
special B.ed 2nd year old paper_20240531.pdfspecial B.ed 2nd year old paper_20240531.pdf
special B.ed 2nd year old paper_20240531.pdf
Special education needs
 
Sha'Carri Richardson Presentation 202345
Sha'Carri Richardson Presentation 202345Sha'Carri Richardson Presentation 202345
Sha'Carri Richardson Presentation 202345
beazzy04
 
MARUTI SUZUKI- A Successful Joint Venture in India.pptx
MARUTI SUZUKI- A Successful Joint Venture in India.pptxMARUTI SUZUKI- A Successful Joint Venture in India.pptx
MARUTI SUZUKI- A Successful Joint Venture in India.pptx
bennyroshan06
 
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS Module
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleHow to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS Module
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS Module
Celine George
 
TESDA TM1 REVIEWER FOR NATIONAL ASSESSMENT WRITTEN AND ORAL QUESTIONS WITH A...
TESDA TM1 REVIEWER  FOR NATIONAL ASSESSMENT WRITTEN AND ORAL QUESTIONS WITH A...TESDA TM1 REVIEWER  FOR NATIONAL ASSESSMENT WRITTEN AND ORAL QUESTIONS WITH A...
TESDA TM1 REVIEWER FOR NATIONAL ASSESSMENT WRITTEN AND ORAL QUESTIONS WITH A...
EugeneSaldivar
 
The Challenger.pdf DNHS Official Publication
The Challenger.pdf DNHS Official PublicationThe Challenger.pdf DNHS Official Publication
The Challenger.pdf DNHS Official Publication
Delapenabediema
 
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdf
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfThe Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdf
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdf
kaushalkr1407
 
CLASS 11 CBSE B.St Project AIDS TO TRADE - INSURANCE
CLASS 11 CBSE B.St Project AIDS TO TRADE - INSURANCECLASS 11 CBSE B.St Project AIDS TO TRADE - INSURANCE
CLASS 11 CBSE B.St Project AIDS TO TRADE - INSURANCE
BhavyaRajput3
 
Sectors of the Indian Economy - Class 10 Study Notes pdf
Sectors of the Indian Economy - Class 10 Study Notes pdfSectors of the Indian Economy - Class 10 Study Notes pdf
Sectors of the Indian Economy - Class 10 Study Notes pdf
Vivekanand Anglo Vedic Academy
 
How to Break the cycle of negative Thoughts
How to Break the cycle of negative ThoughtsHow to Break the cycle of negative Thoughts
How to Break the cycle of negative Thoughts
Col Mukteshwar Prasad
 
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptx
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxInstructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptx
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptx
Jheel Barad
 
Model Attribute Check Company Auto Property
Model Attribute  Check Company Auto PropertyModel Attribute  Check Company Auto Property
Model Attribute Check Company Auto Property
Celine George
 
The approach at University of Liverpool.pptx
The approach at University of Liverpool.pptxThe approach at University of Liverpool.pptx
The approach at University of Liverpool.pptx
Jisc
 
Operation Blue Star - Saka Neela Tara
Operation Blue Star   -  Saka Neela TaraOperation Blue Star   -  Saka Neela Tara
Operation Blue Star - Saka Neela Tara
Balvir Singh
 
Cambridge International AS A Level Biology Coursebook - EBook (MaryFosbery J...
Cambridge International AS  A Level Biology Coursebook - EBook (MaryFosbery J...Cambridge International AS  A Level Biology Coursebook - EBook (MaryFosbery J...
Cambridge International AS A Level Biology Coursebook - EBook (MaryFosbery J...
AzmatAli747758
 
Introduction to Quality Improvement Essentials
Introduction to Quality Improvement EssentialsIntroduction to Quality Improvement Essentials
Introduction to Quality Improvement Essentials
Excellence Foundation for South Sudan
 
Phrasal Verbs.XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Phrasal Verbs.XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXPhrasal Verbs.XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Phrasal Verbs.XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
MIRIAMSALINAS13
 
PART A. Introduction to Costumer Service
PART A. Introduction to Costumer ServicePART A. Introduction to Costumer Service
PART A. Introduction to Costumer Service
PedroFerreira53928
 
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...
Sandy Millin
 
1.4 modern child centered education - mahatma gandhi-2.pptx
1.4 modern child centered education - mahatma gandhi-2.pptx1.4 modern child centered education - mahatma gandhi-2.pptx
1.4 modern child centered education - mahatma gandhi-2.pptx
JosvitaDsouza2
 

Recently uploaded (20)

special B.ed 2nd year old paper_20240531.pdf
special B.ed 2nd year old paper_20240531.pdfspecial B.ed 2nd year old paper_20240531.pdf
special B.ed 2nd year old paper_20240531.pdf
 
Sha'Carri Richardson Presentation 202345
Sha'Carri Richardson Presentation 202345Sha'Carri Richardson Presentation 202345
Sha'Carri Richardson Presentation 202345
 
MARUTI SUZUKI- A Successful Joint Venture in India.pptx
MARUTI SUZUKI- A Successful Joint Venture in India.pptxMARUTI SUZUKI- A Successful Joint Venture in India.pptx
MARUTI SUZUKI- A Successful Joint Venture in India.pptx
 
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS Module
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleHow to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS Module
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS Module
 
TESDA TM1 REVIEWER FOR NATIONAL ASSESSMENT WRITTEN AND ORAL QUESTIONS WITH A...
TESDA TM1 REVIEWER  FOR NATIONAL ASSESSMENT WRITTEN AND ORAL QUESTIONS WITH A...TESDA TM1 REVIEWER  FOR NATIONAL ASSESSMENT WRITTEN AND ORAL QUESTIONS WITH A...
TESDA TM1 REVIEWER FOR NATIONAL ASSESSMENT WRITTEN AND ORAL QUESTIONS WITH A...
 
The Challenger.pdf DNHS Official Publication
The Challenger.pdf DNHS Official PublicationThe Challenger.pdf DNHS Official Publication
The Challenger.pdf DNHS Official Publication
 
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdf
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfThe Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdf
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdf
 
CLASS 11 CBSE B.St Project AIDS TO TRADE - INSURANCE
CLASS 11 CBSE B.St Project AIDS TO TRADE - INSURANCECLASS 11 CBSE B.St Project AIDS TO TRADE - INSURANCE
CLASS 11 CBSE B.St Project AIDS TO TRADE - INSURANCE
 
Sectors of the Indian Economy - Class 10 Study Notes pdf
Sectors of the Indian Economy - Class 10 Study Notes pdfSectors of the Indian Economy - Class 10 Study Notes pdf
Sectors of the Indian Economy - Class 10 Study Notes pdf
 
How to Break the cycle of negative Thoughts
How to Break the cycle of negative ThoughtsHow to Break the cycle of negative Thoughts
How to Break the cycle of negative Thoughts
 
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptx
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxInstructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptx
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptx
 
Model Attribute Check Company Auto Property
Model Attribute  Check Company Auto PropertyModel Attribute  Check Company Auto Property
Model Attribute Check Company Auto Property
 
The approach at University of Liverpool.pptx
The approach at University of Liverpool.pptxThe approach at University of Liverpool.pptx
The approach at University of Liverpool.pptx
 
Operation Blue Star - Saka Neela Tara
Operation Blue Star   -  Saka Neela TaraOperation Blue Star   -  Saka Neela Tara
Operation Blue Star - Saka Neela Tara
 
Cambridge International AS A Level Biology Coursebook - EBook (MaryFosbery J...
Cambridge International AS  A Level Biology Coursebook - EBook (MaryFosbery J...Cambridge International AS  A Level Biology Coursebook - EBook (MaryFosbery J...
Cambridge International AS A Level Biology Coursebook - EBook (MaryFosbery J...
 
Introduction to Quality Improvement Essentials
Introduction to Quality Improvement EssentialsIntroduction to Quality Improvement Essentials
Introduction to Quality Improvement Essentials
 
Phrasal Verbs.XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Phrasal Verbs.XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXPhrasal Verbs.XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Phrasal Verbs.XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
 
PART A. Introduction to Costumer Service
PART A. Introduction to Costumer ServicePART A. Introduction to Costumer Service
PART A. Introduction to Costumer Service
 
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...
 
1.4 modern child centered education - mahatma gandhi-2.pptx
1.4 modern child centered education - mahatma gandhi-2.pptx1.4 modern child centered education - mahatma gandhi-2.pptx
1.4 modern child centered education - mahatma gandhi-2.pptx
 

Welcome to the Week 4 Resource Center!You do not have to click a.docx

  • 1. Welcome to the Week 4 Resource Center! You do not have to click and view on every item each week, these items are here to help you get a better understanding of the Weekly Material, as well as other resources I think you may find helpful. Think of it like a buffet, if you know and understand the material, pass it on by, but if you do not understand the material, click on it and open it up to see what you can learn from it. To access Assignment 1 Preparation: NOTE-for this Assignment You are doing your own Assessment on the Business, DO NOT got to the business website and copy their analysis. You can look at their items for ideas, but you NEED TO DO YOUR OWN ASSESSMENT on the business. Click here for additional material to help fill in Sections 3 and 4: USP, Positioning Statement and Motto of the Week 4 Assignment 1. Click here to view the assignment details, which will contain your template and all necessary information. Helpful Weblinks: How to Identify Your Unique Selling Proposition (USP) 7 Steps to Idenifying your USP Importance of Creating a Competitive Advantage with your USP Chapter 6 Community Assessment Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
  • 2. Defining the Community Aggregate of people The “who” Share personal characteristics and risks Location in space and time The “where” and “when” Physical location frequently delineated by boundaries and influenced by the passage of time Social system The “why” and “how” Interrelationships of aggregates fulfilling community functions Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 2 Diagram of Assessment Parameters Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 3 Figure 6-1 Community Assessment Parameters Geography Population Environment Industry Education
  • 3. Recreations Religion Communication Transportation Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 4 Public services Political organization Community development or planning Disaster programs Health statistics Social problems Health manpower Health professional organizations Community services Healthy Communities A movement to help community members bring about positive health changes Interconnectedness between people and the public and private sectors is essential to make changes. Each community has its unique perspective. Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 5 Assessing the Community
  • 4. Windshield survey Gain an understanding of environmental layout Locate possible areas of environmental concern through “sight, sense, and sound” Gives nurse an opportunity to observe people and their role in the community Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 6 Windshield Survey Community vitality Indicators of social and economic conditions Health resources Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 7 Environmental conditions related to health Social functioning Attitudes toward health and health care Assessing the Community (Cont.) Sources of data: Census data and other census reports Vital statistics NCHS survey data Local, regional, and state government reports Locally generated data collection
  • 5. Analysis of demographic information provides descriptive information about the population Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 8 Assessing the Community (Cont.) Needs assessment Used to understand the community’s perspective Interview key community informants Use community forums, focus groups, or surveys 12 Steps in a Needs Assessment Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 9 Steps in the Needs Assessment Process Identify aggregate for assessment Engage the community in planning the assessment Identify required information Select method of data gathering Develop questionnaires or interview questions Develop procedures for data collection Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 10
  • 6. Steps in the Needs Assessment Process (Cont.) Train data collectors Arrange for a sample representative of the aggregate Conduct needs assessment Tabulate and analyze data Identify needs suggested by data Develop an action plan Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 11 Nursing Process Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 12 The nursing process can be applied to the community as a client. Needs assessment Diagnosing health problems (actual and potential) Planning Intervention Evaluation Format for Community Health Diagnosis Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
  • 7. 13 Figure 6-3 Redrawn from Muecke MA: Community health diagnosis in nursing, Public Health Nurs 1:23-35, 1984. Used with permission of Blackwell Scientific Publications. Epidemiological Studies Used Throughout the Nursing Process Support planning by establishing effectiveness of certain interventions in specific aggregates Construct benchmarks to gauge achievement of program objectives Compare data with other rates Identify objectives of successful programs Document effectiveness with epidemiological data Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 14 Chapter 2 Historical Factors: Community Health Nursing in Context Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Stages* in the Disease History of Humankind Hunting and gathering (before 10,000 B.C.) Settled villages (10,000 to 6000 B.C.)
  • 8. Preindustrial cities (6000 B.C. to 1800 A.D.) Industrial cities (1700 to 1800 A.D.) Present period (1900 to 2000 A.D.) *Stages overlap and time periods are widely debated in the field of anthropology. Some form of each stage remains evident in the world today. Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 2 Aggregate Impact on Health Increased population Increased population density Imbalanced human ecology Resulted in changes in cultural adaptation Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 3 Evolution of Early Public Health Efforts Prerecorded historic times (before 5000 B.C.) Practices based on superstition or sanitation Health practices evolved to ensure survival Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 4
  • 9. Evolution of Early Public Health Efforts (Cont.) Classical times (3000 to 200 B.C.) Devised ways to flush water; constructed drainage systems Developed pharmaceutical preparations Embalmed the dead Dealt with pollution Hygienic code to protect food and water Greek and Roman impact public health Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 5 Evolution of Early Public Health Efforts (Cont.) Greeks Literature contains accounts of communicable diseases Endemic, epidemic, and pandemic Hippocratic book on Airs, Waters and Places Hygeia, goddess of health, or good living Panacea, goddess of curative medicine Balance of human life with environmental demands Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 6 Disease Definitions Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
  • 10. 7DiseaseDefinitionsEndemicDiseases that are always present in a population (e.g., colds and pneumonia).EpidemicDiseases that are not always present in a population but flare up on occasion (e.g., diphtheria and measles).PandemicThe existence of disease in a large proportion of the population—a global epidemic (e.g., HIV, AIDS, and annual outbreaks of influenza type A). Evolution of Early Public Health Efforts (Cont.) Romans Surpassed Greek engineering Massive aqueducts, bathhouses, and sewer systems Addressed occupational health threats Priests mediated diseases and dispensed medicine Public physicians worked in designated towns Worked in groups much like today’s HMOs Eared money to care for the poor Hospital for sick poor established by Fabiola, a Christian woman Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 8 Evolution of Early Public Health Efforts (Cont.) Middle Ages (500 to 1500 A.D.) Monasteries promoted collective activity to protect public health. Churches enforced hygienic codes. A pandemic ravaged the world in the 14th century. Modern public health practices (e.g., isolation, disinfection, quarantines) emerged. Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders,
  • 11. an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 9 Evolution of Early Public Health Efforts (Cont.) Renaissance (15th, 16th, 17th centuries) A theory about the cause of infection evolved. Leeuwenhoek described microscopic organisms. Elizabethan Poor Laws were enacted. Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 10 Evolution of Early Public Health Efforts (Cont.) 18th century The Industrial Revolution occurred. Poor children were forced into labor. Vaccination was discovered by Edward Jenner. Sanitary Revolution’s public health reforms were taking place. Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 11 Evolution of Early Public Health Efforts (Cont.)
  • 12. 19th century Communicable diseases ravaged the population that lived in unsanitary conditions. Edwin Chadwick examined death rates by occupation and class in England. The General Board of Health for England was established in 1848. Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 12 Evolution of Early Public Health Efforts (Cont.) 19th century (Cont.) Public health laws were enacted in 1849: Healthy mental and physical development of citizens Prevention of all dangers to health Control of disease John Snow demonstrated the transmission of cholera via the public water source. Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 13 Evolution of Early Public Health Efforts (Cont.) 19th century (Cont.) Waves of epidemics occurred in the United States. Lemuel Shattuck published vital statistics in Massachusetts; he called for child health reform.
  • 13. The first Board of Health was formed in response. The AMA was asked to collected vital statistics. Efforts focused on determinants of health. The advent of “modern” health care occurred. Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 14 Florence Nightingale (1820-1910) Credited with establishing “modern nursing” Concern for environmental determinants of health Emphasis on sanitation, community assessment, and analysis Use of graphically depicted statistics and comparable census data Political advocate Education reform for nurses Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 15 Figure 2-2 Public domain; courtesy University of Chicago Library. Impact of Important Scientists Louis Pasteur Theory of existence of germs Discovered immunizations in 1881 and the rabies vaccine in 1885
  • 14. Robert Koch Discovered causative agent for cholera and the tubercle bacillus in 1882 Joseph Lister Surgical success with wound care Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 16 “Modern” Medical Care Emergence of germ theory focused diagnosis and treatment on individual organism and individual disease. Community outcry for social reforms forced governments to take action. Boards of health and health departments began in 1866. TB surveillance began in 1889. Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 17 “Modern” Medical Care (Cont.) Flexner Report (1910) outlined shortcomings of U.S. medical schools. Philanthropic foundations influenced health care efforts. 1916: Rockefeller Foundation established first school of public health at Johns Hopkins. Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders,
  • 15. an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 18 Community Caregiver Traditional healer common in non-Western, ancient, and primitive societies. Societies retain folk practices because of their success. Folk healing practices are socially cohesive and involve support systems. Although often overlooked, cultural practices affect health. Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 19 Establishment of Public Health Nursing In England District Nursing in England, 1850s Rathbone worked with Nightingale to educate “health nurses,” 1859 Health Visiting in Manchester, England, 1862 In the United States Visiting Nurses, 1877 Henry Street Settlement, 1893 Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 20
  • 16. Lillian Wald (1867-1940) Established Henry Street Settlement in 1893 (along with Mary Brewster) Played an important role in establishing public health nursing in the United States—later called “Visiting Nurses Association of NYC” Role of Henry Street Settlement was “one of helping people to help themselves” (Wald, 1871) The Children’s Bureau and the Social Security Act Legislation formed as a result of these efforts Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 21 Other Key Dates in the Establishment of PH Nursing First School Nurse, Linda Rogers, 1902 Metropolitan Life Insurance Company provided home nurses for policyholders, 1909 Department of Nursing and Health at Teachers’ College of Columbia University in NYC, 1910 National Organization of Public Health Nurses formed, 1912 (Lillian Wald was first president) Public Health Service appointed its first public health nurse, 1913 Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 22
  • 17. Changing Perspectives on Mortality in the 20th Century and Beyond Change from infectious diseases to chronic conditions Modern medical advances (vaccination programs and antibiotics) Holistic approach to health Better sanitation and nutrition Grecian Hygeia (i.e., healthful living) vs. Panacea (i.e., cure) dichotomy Multi-causal, not uni-causal, view of disease Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 23 Challenges for Community Health Nursing Promote the health of populations Need a broadened focus on the multiple causes of morbidity and mortality Aware of increased technological advances Understand the community need for a focus on prevention, health promotion, and home care Focus on holistic care Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 24
  • 18. Challenges for Community Health Nursing (Cont.) Emphasis on population-based focus nursing Work on behalf of aggregates Understand social determinants of health Gather information and statistics to make decisions Be part of the solution to find ways to solve persistent health problems Emphasize society’s responsibility for health Empower people to help themselves Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 25 Chapter 1 Health: A Community View Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Nies: Power Points, Evolve Resources for Nies/McEwen: Community Health Nursing, 4th ed. 1 Community/Public Health Nursing … … is the synthesis of nursing practice and public health practice.
  • 19. … has the major goal to preserve the health of the community and surrounding populations. … focuses on health promotion and health maintenance. … is associated with health and identification of populations at risk rather than an episodic response to patient demand. Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 2 Nies: Power Points, Evolve Resources for Nies/McEwen: Community Health Nursing, 4th ed. 2 The mission of public health is … … social justice, which entitles all people to basic necessities such as adequate income and health protection and accepts collective burdens to make this possible. Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 3 http://www.health.gov/phfunctions/public.htm Nies: Power Points, Evolve Resources for Nies/McEwen: Community Health Nursing, 4th ed. 3 How Do We Define Health? A state of complete well-being, physical, social, and mental, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. – World Health Organization, 1958 The extent to which an individual or group is able, on the one
  • 20. hand, to realize aspirations and satisfy needs; and, on the other hand, to change or cope with the environment. Health is, therefore, seen as a resource for everyday life, not the objective of living; it is a positive concept emphasizing social and personal resources, and physical capacities. – World Health Organization, 1986 Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 4 Nies: Power Points, Evolve Resources for Nies/McEwen: Community Health Nursing, 4th ed. 4 Community … … a group or collection of locality-based individuals, interacting in social units and sharing common interests, characteristics, values, and/or goals. Nies and McEwen, 2013 Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 5 Nies: Power Points, Evolve Resources for Nies/McEwen: Community Health Nursing, 4th ed. 5 Figure 1-2 From U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. Federal Interagency
  • 21. Workgroup: The vision, mission, and goals of Healthy People 2020. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/Consortium/HP2020Framew ork.pdf. Accessed July 2013. Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 6 Nies: Power Points, Evolve Resources for Nies/McEwen: Community Health Nursing, 4th ed. 6 Healthy People 2020 Leading Health Indicators Access to Health Services Clinical Preventive Services Environmental Quality Injury and Violence Maternal, Infant, and Child Health Mental Health Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity Oral Health Reproductive and Sexual Health Social Determinants Substance Abuse Tobacco Use Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 7 Nies: Power Points, Evolve Resources for Nies/McEwen: Community Health Nursing, 4th ed. 7
  • 22. Public and Community Health Public health is the Science and Art of … (1) preventing disease, (2) prolonging life, and (3) promoting health and efficiency through organized community effort… C.E. Winslow… Community health extends the realm of public health … …to include organized health efforts at the community level through both government and private efforts. Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 8 Core Public Health Functions Assessment: Regular collection, analysis, and information sharing about health conditions, risks, and resources in a community. Policy development: Use of information gathered during assessment to develop local and state health policies and to direct resources toward those policies. Assurance: Focuses on the availability of necessary heath services throughout the community. It includes maintaining the ability of both public health agencies and private providers to manage day-to-day operations and the capacity to respond to critical situations and emergencies. – Institute of Medicine (1988) Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 9 Nies: Power Points, Evolve Resources for Nies/McEwen:
  • 23. Community Health Nursing, 4th ed. 9 10 Essential Services Assessment Monitor health status to identify community health problems. Diagnose and investigate health problems and health hazards in the community. Research for new insights and innovative solutions to health problems. Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 10 Nies: Power Points, Evolve Resources for Nies/McEwen: Community Health Nursing, 4th ed. 10 10 Essential Services (Cont.) Policy Development Inform, educate, and empower people about health issues. Mobilize community partnerships to identify and solve health problems. Develop policies and plans that support individual and community health efforts. Research for new insights and innovative solutions to health problems. Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 11 Nies: Power Points, Evolve Resources for Nies/McEwen:
  • 24. Community Health Nursing, 4th ed. 11 10 Essential Services (Cont.) Assurance Enforce laws and regulations that protect health and ensure safety. Link people to needed personal health services and ensure the provision of health care when otherwise unavailable. Ensure a competent public health and personal health care workforce. Evaluate effectiveness, accessibility, and quality of personal and population-based health services. Research for new insights and innovative solutions to health problems. Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 12 Nies: Power Points, Evolve Resources for Nies/McEwen: Community Health Nursing, 4th ed. 12 The Three Levels of Prevention Primary prevention Prevention of problems before they occur Health promotion and health protection Secondary prevention Early detection and intervention Early diagnosis and treatment Tertiary prevention Correction and prevention of deterioration of a disease state Limitation of disability and rehabilitation
  • 25. Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 13 Nies: Power Points, Evolve Resources for Nies/McEwen: Community Health Nursing, 4th ed. 13 The Three Levels of Prevention (Cont.) Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 14 Figure 1-2 Nies: Power Points, Evolve Resources for Nies/McEwen: Community Health Nursing, 4th ed. 14 Level of Prevention—Individual Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 15 Nies: Power Points, Evolve Resources for Nies/McEwen: Community Health Nursing, 4th ed. 15 Level of Prevention—Family
  • 26. Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 16 Nies: Power Points, Evolve Resources for Nies/McEwen: Community Health Nursing, 4th ed. 16 Level of Prevention—Group Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 17 Nies: Power Points, Evolve Resources for Nies/McEwen: Community Health Nursing, 4th ed. 17 Level of Prevention—Community Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 18 Nies: Power Points, Evolve Resources for Nies/McEwen: Community Health Nursing, 4th ed. 18 Healthy People 2020
  • 27. Vision A society in which all people live long, healthy lives. Overarching Goals Attain high-quality, longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death. Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups. Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all. Promote quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors across all life stages. Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 19 Nies: Power Points, Evolve Resources for Nies/McEwen: Community Health Nursing, 4th ed. 19 Healthy People 2020 (Cont.) HP2020 has 42 focus areas The objectives and related information and materials can help guide health promotion activities and can be used to aid in community-wide initiatives. (USDHHS, 2013) All health care practitioners… should focus on the relevant areas in their practice incorporate objectives into programs, events, and publications whenever possible use them as a framework to promote healthy cities and communities Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders,
  • 28. an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 20 Nies: Power Points, Evolve Resources for Nies/McEwen: Community Health Nursing, 4th ed. 20 Healthy People 2020 Topic Areas Access to Quality Health Services Adolescent Health New Arthritis, Osteoporosis and Chronic Back Conditions Blood Disorders and Blood Safety New Cancer Chronic Kidney Disease Dementias, including Alzheimer’s Disease New Diabetes Disability and Secondary Conditions Early and Middle Childhood Educational and Community-based Programs Environmental Health Family Planning Food Safety Genomics New Global Health New Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 21 Nies: Power Points, Evolve Resources for Nies/McEwen: Community Health Nursing, 4th ed. 21
  • 29. Healthy People 2020 Topic Areas (Cont.) Health Communication and Health Information Technology Healthcare-Associated Infections New Health-Related Quality of Life and Well-Being New Hearing and Other Sensory or Communication Disorders Heart Disease and Stroke HIV Immunization and Infectious Diseases Injury and Violence Prevention Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Health New Maternal, Infant, and Child Health Medical Product Safety Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 22 Nies: Power Points, Evolve Resources for Nies/McEwen: Community Health Nursing, 4th ed. 22 Healthy People 2020 Topic Areas (Cont.) Mental Health and Mental Disorders Nutrition and Weight Status Occupational Safety and Health Older Health New Oral Health Physical Activity Preparedness New Public Health Infrastructure
  • 30. Respiratory Disease Sexually Transmitted Diseases Sleep Health New Social Determinants of Health New Substance Abuse Tobacco Use Vision Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 23 Nies: Power Points, Evolve Resources for Nies/McEwen: Community Health Nursing, 4th ed. 23 Public Health Nursing ANA definition (2007) The practice of promoting and protecting the health of populations Uses knowledge from nursing, as well as social and public health sciences, to promote and protect the health of populations. Is population focused, with the goals of promoting health and preventing disease and disability for all people Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 24 Nies: Power Points, Evolve Resources for Nies/McEwen: Community Health Nursing, 4th ed. 24
  • 31. Community Health Nursing ANA definition (1980) Synthesis of nursing practice and public health to promote and preserve the health of populations Care is directed to individuals, families, groups Contributes to health of the total population Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 25 *The terms Public Health Nursing and Community Health Nursing are used interchangeably in Nies and McEwen, 6th edition. Community-Based Nursing “Application of the nursing process in caring for individuals, families and groups where they live, work or go to school or as they move through the health care system” –McEwen and Pullis, 2009 Setting-specific Emphasis is on acute and chronic care Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 26 Community and Public Health Nursing Practice Nurses practice disease prevention and health promotion Practice is collaborative Practice is based on research and theory Applies the nursing process to the care of… Individuals
  • 32. Families Aggregates The community Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 27 Population-Focused Nursing Focuses on the entire population Is based on assessment of the population’s health status Considers the broad determinants of health Emphasizes all levels of prevention Intervenes with communities, systems, individuals, and families – Minnesota Department of Health, 2003 Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 28 Nies: Power Points, Evolve Resources for Nies/McEwen: Community Health Nursing, 4th ed. 28 PHN Intervention Wheel Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 29 Figure 1-3 Illustration from Minnesota Dept. of Health Center for Public Health Nursing. Is population based Contains three levels of practice (individual, community, and
  • 33. system) Identifies 17 public health interventions Nies: Power Points, Evolve Resources for Nies/McEwen: Community Health Nursing, 4th ed. 29 Public Health Interventions (purple section) Surveillance: Describes and monitors health events through ongoing and systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data for the purpose of planning, implementing, and evaluating public health interventions. Disease and other health event investigation: Systematically gathers and analyzes data regarding threats to the health of populations, ascertains the source of the threat, identifies cases and others at risk, and determines control measures. Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 30 Nies: Power Points, Evolve Resources for Nies/McEwen: Community Health Nursing, 4th ed. 30 Public Health Interventions (purple section) (Cont.) Outreach: Locates populations of interest or populations at risk and provides information about the nature of the concern, what can be done about it, and how services can be obtained.
  • 34. Screening: Identifies individuals with unrecognized health risk factors or asymptomatic disease conditions in populations. Case finding: Locates individuals and families with identified risk factors and connects them with resources. Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 31 Nies: Power Points, Evolve Resources for Nies/McEwen: Community Health Nursing, 4th ed. 31 Public Health Interventions (green section) Referral and follow-up: Helps individuals, families, groups, organizations, and/or communities identify and access necessary resources to prevent or resolve problems or concerns. Case management: Optimizes self-care capabilities of individuals and families and the capacity of systems and communities to coordinate and provide services. Delegated functions: Direct care tasks a registered professional nurse carries out under the authority of a health care practitioner as allowed by law. Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 32 Nies: Power Points, Evolve Resources for Nies/McEwen: Community Health Nursing, 4th ed. 32
  • 35. Public Health Interventions (blue section) Health teaching: Communicates facts, ideas, and skills that change knowledge, attitudes, values, beliefs, behaviors, and practices of individuals, families, systems, and/or communities. Counseling: Establishes an interpersonal relationship intended to increase or enhance capacity for self-care and coping with a community, system, and family or individual. Consultation: Seeks information and generates optional solutions to perceived problems or issues through interactive problem-solving with a community, system, and family or individual. Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 33 Nies: Power Points, Evolve Resources for Nies/McEwen: Community Health Nursing, 4th ed. 33 Public Health Interventions (red section) Collaboration: Commits two or more persons or organizations to achieve a common goal through enhancing the capacity of one or more of the members to promote and protect health. Coalition building: Promotes and develops alliances among organizations or constituencies for a common purpose. Community organizing: Helps community groups identify common problems or goals, mobilize resources, and develop and implement strategies for reaching the goals they collectively have set. Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders,
  • 36. an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 34 Nies: Power Points, Evolve Resources for Nies/McEwen: Community Health Nursing, 4th ed. 34 Public Health Interventions (yellow section) Advocacy: Plead someone’s cause or act on someone’s behalf, with focus on developing the capacity of the community, system, and individual or family to plead their own cause or act on their own behalf. Social marketing: Uses commercial marketing principles and technologies for programs designed to influence the knowledge, attitudes, values, beliefs, behaviors, and practices of the population of interest. Policy development and enforcement: Places health issues on decision-makers’ agendas, acquires a plan of resolution, and determines needed resources, resulting in laws, rules, regulations, ordinances, and policies. Policy enforcement compels others to comply with laws, rules, regulations, ordinances, and policies. Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 35 Nies: Power Points, Evolve Resources for Nies/McEwen: Community Health Nursing, 4th ed. 35
  • 37. Providing population-based care… a shift in thinking Populations are not homogeneous; must address the needs of special subpopulations. High-risk and vulnerable subpopulations must be identified early in the care delivery cycle. Nonusers of services often become high-cost users; essential to develop outreach strategies. Quality and cost of all health care services are linked together across the health care continuum. (Kaiser Family Foundation, 2013) Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 36 Assignment 1: Vice President of Operations, Part 1 Scenario: Imagine that you are the vice president of operations at a production or service organization. You have noticed that your organization’s current operations strategy is not supporting the challenges that the organization is presently facing. In order to maintain a competitive edge, you must address these challenges with your Chief Executive Officer immediately. Select an existing production organization. Analyze the organization’s current vision, mission, business strategy, operation strategy, supply chain, total quality management, just- in-time philosophy, forecasting method, statistical technique, facility location, work design, project life cycle, and project management. Note: You will need this information in order to complete this and subsequent assignments. As you collect the information for Assignment 1 and Assignment 2, remember that in Assignment 3 you must prepare
  • 38. a presentation for your Chief Executive Officer. Write a three to five (3-5) page paper in which you: 1. Evaluate key elements of the selected production or service organization’s operational efficiency with its operational strategy. Determine three (3) tasks that do not align with the operational strategy. Determine the weaknesses that are evident in each task. 2. Formulate a new operations strategy for the selected organization based on the four (4) competitive priorities (i.e., cost, quality, time, and flexibility). 3. Analyze both the structure of the competitive priorities and infrastructure of the production process. Develop three (3) new enablers that are aligned with the long-term plan of the selected organization. Evaluate three (3) pros and three (3) cons of the new enablers. 4. Use at least four (4) quality academic resources in this assignment. Note: Wikipedia and other Websites do not quality as academic resources. The assignment must follow these formatting requirements: · Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA format. · Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length. The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are: · Analyze the differences between service and manufacturing operations management to identify planning considerations. · Formulate an operations strategy to conduct production or service operations.
  • 39. · Explain how an operations strategy impacts product design and process selection. · Use technology and information resources to research issues in operations management. · Write clearly and concisely about operations management using proper writing mechanics.