Week Six Lecture
Welcome to the world of public relations! Just what is public relations? Is it advertising? Is it marketing? Is it community activities or crisis management? What do public relations professionals do? Has anyone known a PR professional? Exposure to this individual will reveal a flurry of unending energy and enthusiasm. One of the most important skills of this individual is the ability to develop relationships and contacts with every kind of person. A PR professional can call a CEO and have his or her phone call returned! In addition, a PR professional must possess superior writing skills as well as verbal communication skills. Could this be why Ashford faculty members hold high, rigorous standards for writing?
According to the Public Relations Society of America, public relations professionals communicate with the external publics of an organization. Is this the same as marketing or sales? No! According to Cameron, Wilcox, Reber, and Shin (2008), sales is a function of marketing. Sales is focused on an organization’s customers and selling the products of the organization. The objective of sales is to increase market share and profitability. Ogden & Ogden discuss three differences between public relations and advertising: since the organization does not pay for PR, it cannot control the message; PR may not always be positive; and the third difference is the public tends to believe the information from PR is from a trusted and reliable resource (Ogden & Ogden, 2014).
Public relations is focused on building relationships and implementing communications strategies that will build goodwill for the organization. Public relations is what we see when organizations are working on Habitat for Humanity or the Salvation Army bell ringer or the Toys for Tots campaigns. Public relations' only focus is to build a positive relationship and create goodwill with its publics. PR never thinks of sales or market share or profitability.
One important function of the public relations professional is to be the liaison between its publics and the organization in times of an emergency, conflict or crisis. Did you know there are four stages of the conflict cycle? Many organizations in our current economic downturn are experiencing layoffs, job cuts, and wage reductions. It is the PR professional's job to "spin" what is typically viewed as a negative into something positive.
Crisis management is another area of responsibility for a PR professional. A crisis is something that interferes with the normal business operation. Spilling oil into the Gulf of Mexico was clearly a crisis. Do you remember who the organization used as their initial spokesperson? British Petroleum (BP) had their CEO, Tony Hayward, in front of the cameras to reassure the public all measures were being implemented to restore the surrounding environment from the damage of the oil spill. Mr. Hayward also told the public their vessel's leak had been contained when that was not .
10Responsible MarketingThree arrows in a circle representingBenitoSumpter862
10
Responsible Marketing
Three arrows in a circle representing sustainable development.
Petmal/Thinkstock
Learning Outcomes
After reading this chapter, you should be able to
Discuss corporate social responsibility as a response to major criticisms of marketing.
Describe practitioners’ duty to the marketing discipline.
Discuss the impact of a green marketing strategy on the marketing mix.
Summarize the ethical obligations of individuals inherent in the employer–employee relationship.
List three marketing principles that apply to managing your personal brand for on-the-job success.
Describe three professional career paths in marketing.
Introduction
The moment you begin working in marketing, you assume responsibility for practicing high ethical standards with regard to your responsibility to the public, the marketing profession, the company that employs you, and the industry in which it functions. In addition, you must take responsibility for yourself—your individual performance on the job, your contribution to workplace teams, and your preparation for advancement. In this chapter you’ll learn to apply what you’ve learned about marketing to managing your personal brand while on the job.
This chapter approaches responsible marketing beginning with a wide-angle view of the effect of marketing practices on the public and the planet. Then the lens narrows with each section in turn to focus on concerns of the profession, organizational employers, and individual contributors.
The marketing field offers careers in many roles, suitable to a wide variety of personalities from analytical to creative. Where will you find your niche? This chapter ends with an exploration of the newest skills needed and the emerging locales where marketing practitioners will thrive. With an understanding of your role in responsible industry practices, this chapter concludes our study of the basic principles of marketing.
10.1 Responsibility to the Public
Over the past 50 years, the Super Bowl has become a shared American cultural experience, but not just because of love for football. Millions of people tune in to watch the advertisements. Since the rise of social media, Super Bowl advertising has become the centerpiece of integrated marketing campaigns that extend over many months (Sanburn, 2016). On social media, we’re drawn to the many ads that require our clicks to reveal a reward of some kind, whether it’s the punch line to a joke or our score on a game or quiz. We’ve grown accustomed to the blurring of the lines between entertainment and promotions, and not just on television.
As marketing communications move into new message channels, new forms of promotions have proliferated that bear little resemblance to paid advertising. The many forms of “advertainment” in today’s social media (branded videos, quizzes, and so on) place the burden on the public to decide whether products are being pitched—and in which instances that is appropriate ...
10Responsible MarketingThree arrows in a circle representingSantosConleyha
10
Responsible Marketing
Three arrows in a circle representing sustainable development.
Petmal/Thinkstock
Learning Outcomes
After reading this chapter, you should be able to
Discuss corporate social responsibility as a response to major criticisms of marketing.
Describe practitioners’ duty to the marketing discipline.
Discuss the impact of a green marketing strategy on the marketing mix.
Summarize the ethical obligations of individuals inherent in the employer–employee relationship.
List three marketing principles that apply to managing your personal brand for on-the-job success.
Describe three professional career paths in marketing.
Introduction
The moment you begin working in marketing, you assume responsibility for practicing high ethical standards with regard to your responsibility to the public, the marketing profession, the company that employs you, and the industry in which it functions. In addition, you must take responsibility for yourself—your individual performance on the job, your contribution to workplace teams, and your preparation for advancement. In this chapter you’ll learn to apply what you’ve learned about marketing to managing your personal brand while on the job.
This chapter approaches responsible marketing beginning with a wide-angle view of the effect of marketing practices on the public and the planet. Then the lens narrows with each section in turn to focus on concerns of the profession, organizational employers, and individual contributors.
The marketing field offers careers in many roles, suitable to a wide variety of personalities from analytical to creative. Where will you find your niche? This chapter ends with an exploration of the newest skills needed and the emerging locales where marketing practitioners will thrive. With an understanding of your role in responsible industry practices, this chapter concludes our study of the basic principles of marketing.
10.1 Responsibility to the Public
Over the past 50 years, the Super Bowl has become a shared American cultural experience, but not just because of love for football. Millions of people tune in to watch the advertisements. Since the rise of social media, Super Bowl advertising has become the centerpiece of integrated marketing campaigns that extend over many months (Sanburn, 2016). On social media, we’re drawn to the many ads that require our clicks to reveal a reward of some kind, whether it’s the punch line to a joke or our score on a game or quiz. We’ve grown accustomed to the blurring of the lines between entertainment and promotions, and not just on television.
As marketing communications move into new message channels, new forms of promotions have proliferated that bear little resemblance to paid advertising. The many forms of “advertainment” in today’s social media (branded videos, quizzes, and so on) place the burden on the public to decide whether products are being pitched—and in which instances that is appropriate ...
Business to Society Marketing - Kotler's Marketing 3.0Nakul Patel
An article evaluating the recent brand communication strategies of some companies based on Dr. Philip Kotler's latest book - Marketing 3.0
This article aims at connecting dots in what has been taught in book and how it is being done on ground level.
Updated - Has PR Been Slow to Adapt to New Media?Erica Myers
This presentation was designed to address the issues PR practitioners and their clients are facing within new media. I've added a bit more information for 2010.
! 1Target Customer for Social Media Trends Social mSilvaGraf83
! 1
Target Customer for Social Media Trends
Social media trends have emerged as a prime service for many businesses around the
world. The use of its various forms, including influencers, has emerged as a great marketing
tool for many businesses around the country and even globally. Social media marketing has
become an industry with a target market and a need in the modern marketplace. The target
customer of social media marketing and trends will be discussed.
The target customer for social media trends is businesses seeking to appeal to the
mass public. Though every age group currently makes use of social media, the age group that
mostly uses social media is the 18 – 29 age group. Research shows that in 2021, 84% of
individuals in the age group used at least one social media platform globally. Individuals
closely followed them in the 30 – 49 age group with 81%, 50 – 64 with 71%, and only 45%
of individuals older than 65 used social media. The number of users in the 18-29 and 30 - 49
age brackets is relatively high (Pew Research Center, 2022).
Considering these statistics, any business that wishes to market to these individuals
can use social media marketing trends. Businesses in the modern era are also pursuing a
competitive edge to woe over clientele. With this decrease in print and visual media
viewership, many businesses are seeking alternative ways to reach out to their target market.
Social media marketing trends are an efficient tool for organizations whose target market is
between 18-65, a large group in the market. Social media marketing trends are effective for
all genders, races, and other demographics. This is because social media is used across the
demographics. Social media companies also collect user information and use sophisticated
algorithms to perform targeted marketing. In social media marketing, targeted marketing is
defined as reaching out straight to the targeted consumer of a particular product. For example,
a business that sells skincare products targeting men aged 18 – 24 who are African American
TARGET CUSTOMER FOR SOCIAL MEDIA TRENDS
!2
and living in Illinois can use social media marketing to target this particular audience. The
social media company will select this audience and market directly to them. This is what
makes social media marketing so versatile and easy to use.
One of the factors that attract businesses towards social media marketing trends is that
it is cheap compared to other advertising forms. For example, it is cheaper to advertise your
product on Facebook and Instagram than to advertise your product in a newspaper or on
television. When the business wishes to use targeted marketing, which social media
companies charge a small price for, it is cheaper when compared to advertising using
television or print media. Another reason businesses should use social media is that they can
reach higher numbers. The number of socia ...
10Responsible MarketingThree arrows in a circle representingBenitoSumpter862
10
Responsible Marketing
Three arrows in a circle representing sustainable development.
Petmal/Thinkstock
Learning Outcomes
After reading this chapter, you should be able to
Discuss corporate social responsibility as a response to major criticisms of marketing.
Describe practitioners’ duty to the marketing discipline.
Discuss the impact of a green marketing strategy on the marketing mix.
Summarize the ethical obligations of individuals inherent in the employer–employee relationship.
List three marketing principles that apply to managing your personal brand for on-the-job success.
Describe three professional career paths in marketing.
Introduction
The moment you begin working in marketing, you assume responsibility for practicing high ethical standards with regard to your responsibility to the public, the marketing profession, the company that employs you, and the industry in which it functions. In addition, you must take responsibility for yourself—your individual performance on the job, your contribution to workplace teams, and your preparation for advancement. In this chapter you’ll learn to apply what you’ve learned about marketing to managing your personal brand while on the job.
This chapter approaches responsible marketing beginning with a wide-angle view of the effect of marketing practices on the public and the planet. Then the lens narrows with each section in turn to focus on concerns of the profession, organizational employers, and individual contributors.
The marketing field offers careers in many roles, suitable to a wide variety of personalities from analytical to creative. Where will you find your niche? This chapter ends with an exploration of the newest skills needed and the emerging locales where marketing practitioners will thrive. With an understanding of your role in responsible industry practices, this chapter concludes our study of the basic principles of marketing.
10.1 Responsibility to the Public
Over the past 50 years, the Super Bowl has become a shared American cultural experience, but not just because of love for football. Millions of people tune in to watch the advertisements. Since the rise of social media, Super Bowl advertising has become the centerpiece of integrated marketing campaigns that extend over many months (Sanburn, 2016). On social media, we’re drawn to the many ads that require our clicks to reveal a reward of some kind, whether it’s the punch line to a joke or our score on a game or quiz. We’ve grown accustomed to the blurring of the lines between entertainment and promotions, and not just on television.
As marketing communications move into new message channels, new forms of promotions have proliferated that bear little resemblance to paid advertising. The many forms of “advertainment” in today’s social media (branded videos, quizzes, and so on) place the burden on the public to decide whether products are being pitched—and in which instances that is appropriate ...
10Responsible MarketingThree arrows in a circle representingSantosConleyha
10
Responsible Marketing
Three arrows in a circle representing sustainable development.
Petmal/Thinkstock
Learning Outcomes
After reading this chapter, you should be able to
Discuss corporate social responsibility as a response to major criticisms of marketing.
Describe practitioners’ duty to the marketing discipline.
Discuss the impact of a green marketing strategy on the marketing mix.
Summarize the ethical obligations of individuals inherent in the employer–employee relationship.
List three marketing principles that apply to managing your personal brand for on-the-job success.
Describe three professional career paths in marketing.
Introduction
The moment you begin working in marketing, you assume responsibility for practicing high ethical standards with regard to your responsibility to the public, the marketing profession, the company that employs you, and the industry in which it functions. In addition, you must take responsibility for yourself—your individual performance on the job, your contribution to workplace teams, and your preparation for advancement. In this chapter you’ll learn to apply what you’ve learned about marketing to managing your personal brand while on the job.
This chapter approaches responsible marketing beginning with a wide-angle view of the effect of marketing practices on the public and the planet. Then the lens narrows with each section in turn to focus on concerns of the profession, organizational employers, and individual contributors.
The marketing field offers careers in many roles, suitable to a wide variety of personalities from analytical to creative. Where will you find your niche? This chapter ends with an exploration of the newest skills needed and the emerging locales where marketing practitioners will thrive. With an understanding of your role in responsible industry practices, this chapter concludes our study of the basic principles of marketing.
10.1 Responsibility to the Public
Over the past 50 years, the Super Bowl has become a shared American cultural experience, but not just because of love for football. Millions of people tune in to watch the advertisements. Since the rise of social media, Super Bowl advertising has become the centerpiece of integrated marketing campaigns that extend over many months (Sanburn, 2016). On social media, we’re drawn to the many ads that require our clicks to reveal a reward of some kind, whether it’s the punch line to a joke or our score on a game or quiz. We’ve grown accustomed to the blurring of the lines between entertainment and promotions, and not just on television.
As marketing communications move into new message channels, new forms of promotions have proliferated that bear little resemblance to paid advertising. The many forms of “advertainment” in today’s social media (branded videos, quizzes, and so on) place the burden on the public to decide whether products are being pitched—and in which instances that is appropriate ...
Business to Society Marketing - Kotler's Marketing 3.0Nakul Patel
An article evaluating the recent brand communication strategies of some companies based on Dr. Philip Kotler's latest book - Marketing 3.0
This article aims at connecting dots in what has been taught in book and how it is being done on ground level.
Updated - Has PR Been Slow to Adapt to New Media?Erica Myers
This presentation was designed to address the issues PR practitioners and their clients are facing within new media. I've added a bit more information for 2010.
! 1Target Customer for Social Media Trends Social mSilvaGraf83
! 1
Target Customer for Social Media Trends
Social media trends have emerged as a prime service for many businesses around the
world. The use of its various forms, including influencers, has emerged as a great marketing
tool for many businesses around the country and even globally. Social media marketing has
become an industry with a target market and a need in the modern marketplace. The target
customer of social media marketing and trends will be discussed.
The target customer for social media trends is businesses seeking to appeal to the
mass public. Though every age group currently makes use of social media, the age group that
mostly uses social media is the 18 – 29 age group. Research shows that in 2021, 84% of
individuals in the age group used at least one social media platform globally. Individuals
closely followed them in the 30 – 49 age group with 81%, 50 – 64 with 71%, and only 45%
of individuals older than 65 used social media. The number of users in the 18-29 and 30 - 49
age brackets is relatively high (Pew Research Center, 2022).
Considering these statistics, any business that wishes to market to these individuals
can use social media marketing trends. Businesses in the modern era are also pursuing a
competitive edge to woe over clientele. With this decrease in print and visual media
viewership, many businesses are seeking alternative ways to reach out to their target market.
Social media marketing trends are an efficient tool for organizations whose target market is
between 18-65, a large group in the market. Social media marketing trends are effective for
all genders, races, and other demographics. This is because social media is used across the
demographics. Social media companies also collect user information and use sophisticated
algorithms to perform targeted marketing. In social media marketing, targeted marketing is
defined as reaching out straight to the targeted consumer of a particular product. For example,
a business that sells skincare products targeting men aged 18 – 24 who are African American
TARGET CUSTOMER FOR SOCIAL MEDIA TRENDS
!2
and living in Illinois can use social media marketing to target this particular audience. The
social media company will select this audience and market directly to them. This is what
makes social media marketing so versatile and easy to use.
One of the factors that attract businesses towards social media marketing trends is that
it is cheap compared to other advertising forms. For example, it is cheaper to advertise your
product on Facebook and Instagram than to advertise your product in a newspaper or on
television. When the business wishes to use targeted marketing, which social media
companies charge a small price for, it is cheaper when compared to advertising using
television or print media. Another reason businesses should use social media is that they can
reach higher numbers. The number of socia ...
! 1Target Customer for Social Media Trends Social mSilvaGraf83
! 1
Target Customer for Social Media Trends
Social media trends have emerged as a prime service for many businesses around the
world. The use of its various forms, including influencers, has emerged as a great marketing
tool for many businesses around the country and even globally. Social media marketing has
become an industry with a target market and a need in the modern marketplace. The target
customer of social media marketing and trends will be discussed.
The target customer for social media trends is businesses seeking to appeal to the
mass public. Though every age group currently makes use of social media, the age group that
mostly uses social media is the 18 – 29 age group. Research shows that in 2021, 84% of
individuals in the age group used at least one social media platform globally. Individuals
closely followed them in the 30 – 49 age group with 81%, 50 – 64 with 71%, and only 45%
of individuals older than 65 used social media. The number of users in the 18-29 and 30 - 49
age brackets is relatively high (Pew Research Center, 2022).
Considering these statistics, any business that wishes to market to these individuals
can use social media marketing trends. Businesses in the modern era are also pursuing a
competitive edge to woe over clientele. With this decrease in print and visual media
viewership, many businesses are seeking alternative ways to reach out to their target market.
Social media marketing trends are an efficient tool for organizations whose target market is
between 18-65, a large group in the market. Social media marketing trends are effective for
all genders, races, and other demographics. This is because social media is used across the
demographics. Social media companies also collect user information and use sophisticated
algorithms to perform targeted marketing. In social media marketing, targeted marketing is
defined as reaching out straight to the targeted consumer of a particular product. For example,
a business that sells skincare products targeting men aged 18 – 24 who are African American
TARGET CUSTOMER FOR SOCIAL MEDIA TRENDS
!2
and living in Illinois can use social media marketing to target this particular audience. The
social media company will select this audience and market directly to them. This is what
makes social media marketing so versatile and easy to use.
One of the factors that attract businesses towards social media marketing trends is that
it is cheap compared to other advertising forms. For example, it is cheaper to advertise your
product on Facebook and Instagram than to advertise your product in a newspaper or on
television. When the business wishes to use targeted marketing, which social media
companies charge a small price for, it is cheaper when compared to advertising using
television or print media. Another reason businesses should use social media is that they can
reach higher numbers. The number of socia ...
! 1Target Customer for Social Media Trends Social mMoseStaton39
! 1
Target Customer for Social Media Trends
Social media trends have emerged as a prime service for many businesses around the
world. The use of its various forms, including influencers, has emerged as a great marketing
tool for many businesses around the country and even globally. Social media marketing has
become an industry with a target market and a need in the modern marketplace. The target
customer of social media marketing and trends will be discussed.
The target customer for social media trends is businesses seeking to appeal to the
mass public. Though every age group currently makes use of social media, the age group that
mostly uses social media is the 18 – 29 age group. Research shows that in 2021, 84% of
individuals in the age group used at least one social media platform globally. Individuals
closely followed them in the 30 – 49 age group with 81%, 50 – 64 with 71%, and only 45%
of individuals older than 65 used social media. The number of users in the 18-29 and 30 - 49
age brackets is relatively high (Pew Research Center, 2022).
Considering these statistics, any business that wishes to market to these individuals
can use social media marketing trends. Businesses in the modern era are also pursuing a
competitive edge to woe over clientele. With this decrease in print and visual media
viewership, many businesses are seeking alternative ways to reach out to their target market.
Social media marketing trends are an efficient tool for organizations whose target market is
between 18-65, a large group in the market. Social media marketing trends are effective for
all genders, races, and other demographics. This is because social media is used across the
demographics. Social media companies also collect user information and use sophisticated
algorithms to perform targeted marketing. In social media marketing, targeted marketing is
defined as reaching out straight to the targeted consumer of a particular product. For example,
a business that sells skincare products targeting men aged 18 – 24 who are African American
TARGET CUSTOMER FOR SOCIAL MEDIA TRENDS
!2
and living in Illinois can use social media marketing to target this particular audience. The
social media company will select this audience and market directly to them. This is what
makes social media marketing so versatile and easy to use.
One of the factors that attract businesses towards social media marketing trends is that
it is cheap compared to other advertising forms. For example, it is cheaper to advertise your
product on Facebook and Instagram than to advertise your product in a newspaper or on
television. When the business wishes to use targeted marketing, which social media
companies charge a small price for, it is cheaper when compared to advertising using
television or print media. Another reason businesses should use social media is that they can
reach higher numbers. The number of socia ...
Influencer Marketing: Social Listening in PracticeBrandwatch
Research from Sony has shown that people are more than five times as likely to buy based on a recommendation from a social peer than they are when having simply been exposed to traditional forms of marketing.
The great news is that brands can leverage this: Sony was able to focus on the 15% of their huge customer base that wielded significant social influence, and increase sales by 300% by honing their marketing to them.
Influencer Marketing is so much more than a fashionable phrase. In this free guide, featuring tips, tricks and case studies, we take you through how you can identify and utilize influencers to supercharge your campaigns and help you reach the audience you need.
New Media and Social networking present new set of risks, challenges, and opportunities to Corporations in the management of the reputations. This presentation briefly covers the areas of risk, their source, and the steps required to combat them.
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New Media and Social networking present new set of risks, challenges, and opportunities to Corporations in the management of the reputations. This presentation briefly covers the areas of risk, their source, and the steps required to combat them.
--
5 Strategies to Fill the Digital Gap with Social Media.pdfExclsior
The digital gap, often linked to internet access, facilitates the formation of connections and social circles among individuals who share common interests.
Role of ethics 1520 Very good knowledg.docxdaniely50
Role of ethics 15/20 Very good knowledge of the learning objective; all areas addressed; clear links to theory; does not go beyond taught material. However, too theoretical and lacks specific examples.
Social criticism 8/20 Sound knowledge/understanding of social criticism of marketing. For example, cultural/religious backlash, promoting harmful products and deceptive adverts but discussion is too short and lacks in-depth explanation and specific examples.
Conclusion 11/20 Again, a well written conclusion; clearly mentions all areas; attempts to link to theory and engages reader. However, lacks in-depth evaluation and recommendations/ final thoughts.
In today’s competitive business environment, marketing plays a crucial role in the success of any organization. An enterprise must always try as much as possible to gain a lot of customers as well as establish its brand to reach its marketing objectives. Besides, without the incorporation of an appropriate marketing tool and strategy, attaining the set goals can be difficult (Pulizzi, 2012, p. 118). As such, it is not only about the marketing activity that the business employs, but the approach that it integrates that would determine the effectiveness of the whole exercise. Several strategies exist that companies can use to promote their products or services and online marketing comprises one of them. Typically, online marketing which is also known as digital marketing, online advertising, or internet marketing refers to a marketing approach where the company promotes its products or services via the internet using various digital platforms or tools. It is more complicated and contains various marketing elements compared to other traditional methods such as advertising.
Today, online marketing has gained considerable prominence, and almost every firm is using it in promoting as well as establishing a brand for their products or services. According to (Mulhern, 2009, p. 85), digital marketing has undergone tremendous growth, and many enterprises consider this approach because it is convenient, less costly, flexible, and can reach a broader customer base. Moreover, the advancement of technology has contributed substantially to the development of online marketing. Therefore, by utilizing the concepts of the topic of study, this paper aims to evaluate the progress of online cmarketing over the past ten years by looking at some of its benefits to organizations. The essay will also explain the role of ethics in marketing and its significance. Finally, the study will evaluate the major social criticism of marketing.
Before looking at the development of digital marketing, it is essential to understand how it works. Generally, internet marketing works in a much simple way compared to other conventional marketing methods. An organization only needs to develop an efficient website where they can post information about their products or services a.
Social media is not just a new channel or a few extra degrees in the 360° approach to marketing and communications. Social media is a fundamental shift in consumer behavior, and it requires marketers to change how they market, how they are organized and how they measure success. While brands from all across the globe have tested the waters of social media, they have tended to do so in disjointed feints that often end in failure. To achieve real business impact with social media brands and organizations must adopt a comprehensive strategic approach to integrating this new discipline. John Bell shows you how.
How to modernise a public relations agency or communications teamStephen Waddington
This paper tackles the opportunities and challenges for our profession as we face up to modernity and the role of public relations in organisational management leadership.
There is much said at conferences and events, and written on blogs and in traditional media, about the fundamental shifts taking place in the media and the impact on the business of public relations.
These conversations focus on who (practitioners, agencies and communication teams), what (modernise public relations), why (media change and opportunity) and when (now) but very rarely how. This paper explores the how.
It started out as a blog post ahead of speaking opportunities at the World PR Forum in Madrid, and the PRSA International Conference in Washington.
An Emerging Trend is a topic area that is growing in interest and utility over time.
This presentation will cover the Basic Meaning of Marketing & will also be showing the latest 21st century trends involve in the process so as to explore the company in every aspect.
With regards to this article, I agree and disagree on certain leve.docxalanfhall8953
With regards to this article, I agree and disagree on certain levels pertaining to racism in video games. I have been playing video games since the Nintendo days and I have noticed many stereotypes in video games that Evan has pointed out. Although Evan feels that all black characters are subject to stereotypes, there are bunches of game characters that I believe are not under this category and are in fact very ambitious characters. For example, Lee Everett from the Walking Dead: Season 1 game, Captain Anderson from the Mass Effect Trilogy, Franklin from Grand Theft Auto V and Sgt. Johnson from the Halo series. The problem I have with Evan's critique is the fact that he is judging black characters based on how they act and look, something that society does to members of the visible minority in the real world. Majority of the characters that are in question may seem stereotypical at first but if you delve deeper into their character you start to realize that there is depth behind that person rather than just big muscles and a loud mouth. In my opinion, whenever I play a video game I can care less what the race of my character is and I look more towards their development as a character and the story that it is telling. Many "gamers" share this same opinion from research I have done and even in the comment section of this article. I get the notion that he is looking for a character that is "white" but the problem is whenever a black character is given the same characteristics as a white character, they are not well received and are made fun of for being "white washed". There seems to be a double standard with how black characters are portrayed and is also something that will unfortunately never be able to appease to everyone due to the fact that everyone shares a different opinion on how certain types of characters should be portrayed.
3/25/2014
1/11
The Social Construction of "Race"
As our discussions have revealed over the past few weeks, negative or stereotypical representation in media
has real consequences. Such representations not only reflect but also reinforce the marginality of minority
groups. Thus, it follows that the political empowerment of subordinate groups in society--such as women,
youth, people with disabilities, gays and lesbians, the poor--depends in part on changing the way these
groups are represented.
How can we think about the issues of representation and empowerment in relation to racial minorities? First,
we need to gain a better understanding of the social construction of racial and ethnic identity.
Ethnicity
'Ethnicity' and 'race' are linked but distinct categories. Ethnicity is a broad social category that addresses
one’s perceived membership in a larger group based on an attachment to an actual or possible homeland, its
cultural heritage, belief system, political history, language, myths, customs, manners, food, literature, sport, art
or architectural style. Ethnic affiliations are acknowledged and pa.
WIT Financial Accounting Test Chapters 5 and 6
1. From the adjusted trial balance for Worker Products Company given below, prepare a multiple-step income statement in good form.
Worker Products Company
Adjusted Trial Balance
December 31
Debit
Credit
Cash
$9,400
Accounts receivable
25,000
Merchandise inventory
36,000
Office supplies
900
Store equipment
75,000
Accumulated depreciation - store equipment
$22,000
Office equipment
60,000
Accumulated depreciation -office equipment
15,000
Accounts payable
42,000
Notes payable
10,000
F. Worker, Capital
110,700
F. Worker, Withdrawals
48,000
Sales
325,000
Sales discounts
6,000
Sales returns and allowances
16,500
Cost of goods sold
195,000
Sales salaries expense
32,500
Depreciation expense - store equipment
11,000
Depreciation expense - office equipment
7,500
Office supplies expense
1,300
Interest expense
600
Totals
$524,700
$524,700
2. From the adjusted trial balance for Worker Products Company given below, prepare the necessary closing entries.
Worker Products Company
Adjusted Trial Balance
December 31
Debit
Credit
Cash
$9,400
Accounts receivable
25,000
Merchandise inventory
36,000
Office supplies
900
Store equipment
75,000
Accumulated depreciation - store equipment
$22,000
Office equipment
60,000
Accumulated depreciation -office equipment
15,000
Accounts payable
42,000
Notes payable
10,000
F. Worker, Capital
110,700
F. Worker, Withdrawals
48,000
Sales
325,000
Sales discounts
6,000
Sales returns and allowances
16,500
Cost of goods sold
195,000
Sales salaries expense
32,500
Depreciation expense - store equipment
11,000
Depreciation expense - office equipment
7,500
Office supplies expense
1,300
Interest expense
600
Totals
$524,700
$524,700
3. A company made the following merchandise purchases and sales during the month of May:
May 1
Purchased
380 units at
$15 each
May 5
Purchased
270 units at
$17 each
May 10
Sold
400 units at
$50 each
May 20
Purchased
300 units at
$22 each
May 25
Sold
400 units at
$50 each
There was no beginning inventory. If the company uses the LIFO periodic inventory method, what would be the cost of the ending inventory?
4. A company made the following merchandise purchases and sales during the month of May:
May 1
Purchased
380 units at
$15 each
May 5
Purchased
270 units at
$17 each
May 10
Sold
400 units at
$50 each
May 20
Purchased
300 units at
$22 each
May 25
Sold
400 units at
$50 each
There was no beginning inventory. If the company uses the FIFO periodic inventory method, what would be the cost of the ending inventory?
5. Flaxco purchases inventory from overseas and incurs the following costs: the cost of the merchandise is $50,000, credit terms are 2/10, n/30 that apply only to the $50,000; FOB shipping point freight charges are $1,500; insurance during transit is $500; and import duties .
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become an industry with a target market and a need in the modern marketplace. The target
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Conclusion 11/20 Again, a well written conclusion; clearly mentions all areas; attempts to link to theory and engages reader. However, lacks in-depth evaluation and recommendations/ final thoughts.
In today’s competitive business environment, marketing plays a crucial role in the success of any organization. An enterprise must always try as much as possible to gain a lot of customers as well as establish its brand to reach its marketing objectives. Besides, without the incorporation of an appropriate marketing tool and strategy, attaining the set goals can be difficult (Pulizzi, 2012, p. 118). As such, it is not only about the marketing activity that the business employs, but the approach that it integrates that would determine the effectiveness of the whole exercise. Several strategies exist that companies can use to promote their products or services and online marketing comprises one of them. Typically, online marketing which is also known as digital marketing, online advertising, or internet marketing refers to a marketing approach where the company promotes its products or services via the internet using various digital platforms or tools. It is more complicated and contains various marketing elements compared to other traditional methods such as advertising.
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With regards to this article, I agree and disagree on certain leve.docxalanfhall8953
With regards to this article, I agree and disagree on certain levels pertaining to racism in video games. I have been playing video games since the Nintendo days and I have noticed many stereotypes in video games that Evan has pointed out. Although Evan feels that all black characters are subject to stereotypes, there are bunches of game characters that I believe are not under this category and are in fact very ambitious characters. For example, Lee Everett from the Walking Dead: Season 1 game, Captain Anderson from the Mass Effect Trilogy, Franklin from Grand Theft Auto V and Sgt. Johnson from the Halo series. The problem I have with Evan's critique is the fact that he is judging black characters based on how they act and look, something that society does to members of the visible minority in the real world. Majority of the characters that are in question may seem stereotypical at first but if you delve deeper into their character you start to realize that there is depth behind that person rather than just big muscles and a loud mouth. In my opinion, whenever I play a video game I can care less what the race of my character is and I look more towards their development as a character and the story that it is telling. Many "gamers" share this same opinion from research I have done and even in the comment section of this article. I get the notion that he is looking for a character that is "white" but the problem is whenever a black character is given the same characteristics as a white character, they are not well received and are made fun of for being "white washed". There seems to be a double standard with how black characters are portrayed and is also something that will unfortunately never be able to appease to everyone due to the fact that everyone shares a different opinion on how certain types of characters should be portrayed.
3/25/2014
1/11
The Social Construction of "Race"
As our discussions have revealed over the past few weeks, negative or stereotypical representation in media
has real consequences. Such representations not only reflect but also reinforce the marginality of minority
groups. Thus, it follows that the political empowerment of subordinate groups in society--such as women,
youth, people with disabilities, gays and lesbians, the poor--depends in part on changing the way these
groups are represented.
How can we think about the issues of representation and empowerment in relation to racial minorities? First,
we need to gain a better understanding of the social construction of racial and ethnic identity.
Ethnicity
'Ethnicity' and 'race' are linked but distinct categories. Ethnicity is a broad social category that addresses
one’s perceived membership in a larger group based on an attachment to an actual or possible homeland, its
cultural heritage, belief system, political history, language, myths, customs, manners, food, literature, sport, art
or architectural style. Ethnic affiliations are acknowledged and pa.
WIT Financial Accounting Test Chapters 5 and 6
1. From the adjusted trial balance for Worker Products Company given below, prepare a multiple-step income statement in good form.
Worker Products Company
Adjusted Trial Balance
December 31
Debit
Credit
Cash
$9,400
Accounts receivable
25,000
Merchandise inventory
36,000
Office supplies
900
Store equipment
75,000
Accumulated depreciation - store equipment
$22,000
Office equipment
60,000
Accumulated depreciation -office equipment
15,000
Accounts payable
42,000
Notes payable
10,000
F. Worker, Capital
110,700
F. Worker, Withdrawals
48,000
Sales
325,000
Sales discounts
6,000
Sales returns and allowances
16,500
Cost of goods sold
195,000
Sales salaries expense
32,500
Depreciation expense - store equipment
11,000
Depreciation expense - office equipment
7,500
Office supplies expense
1,300
Interest expense
600
Totals
$524,700
$524,700
2. From the adjusted trial balance for Worker Products Company given below, prepare the necessary closing entries.
Worker Products Company
Adjusted Trial Balance
December 31
Debit
Credit
Cash
$9,400
Accounts receivable
25,000
Merchandise inventory
36,000
Office supplies
900
Store equipment
75,000
Accumulated depreciation - store equipment
$22,000
Office equipment
60,000
Accumulated depreciation -office equipment
15,000
Accounts payable
42,000
Notes payable
10,000
F. Worker, Capital
110,700
F. Worker, Withdrawals
48,000
Sales
325,000
Sales discounts
6,000
Sales returns and allowances
16,500
Cost of goods sold
195,000
Sales salaries expense
32,500
Depreciation expense - store equipment
11,000
Depreciation expense - office equipment
7,500
Office supplies expense
1,300
Interest expense
600
Totals
$524,700
$524,700
3. A company made the following merchandise purchases and sales during the month of May:
May 1
Purchased
380 units at
$15 each
May 5
Purchased
270 units at
$17 each
May 10
Sold
400 units at
$50 each
May 20
Purchased
300 units at
$22 each
May 25
Sold
400 units at
$50 each
There was no beginning inventory. If the company uses the LIFO periodic inventory method, what would be the cost of the ending inventory?
4. A company made the following merchandise purchases and sales during the month of May:
May 1
Purchased
380 units at
$15 each
May 5
Purchased
270 units at
$17 each
May 10
Sold
400 units at
$50 each
May 20
Purchased
300 units at
$22 each
May 25
Sold
400 units at
$50 each
There was no beginning inventory. If the company uses the FIFO periodic inventory method, what would be the cost of the ending inventory?
5. Flaxco purchases inventory from overseas and incurs the following costs: the cost of the merchandise is $50,000, credit terms are 2/10, n/30 that apply only to the $50,000; FOB shipping point freight charges are $1,500; insurance during transit is $500; and import duties .
Windows Server Deployment ProposalOverviewEach student will .docxalanfhall8953
Windows Server Deployment Proposal
Overview
Each student will create a detailed, organized, unified technical solution given the scenario described below. The submission will be in a written format, with at least one diagram, and may include additional diagrams, charts or tables. The assignment is meant for students to enhance their mastery of the material and to provide a creative and realistic way in which to apply knowledge from this course.
Scenario
Worldwide Advertising, Inc. (referred to as “WAI”) has hired you as an IT consultant for implementing their Windows network infrastructure. WAI is a new advertising firm, and they are currently hiring staff, establishing two locations, and have a need to get their internal IT services configured. They do not yet have an IT staff, but when they do, the IT staff will take over all aspects of IT administration. You are required to supply WAI with a solution which describes the implementation and configuration of their core IT services. Cost is not a significant concern – WAI wishes to implement the “right” solution to fit their needs now and for the next 2-3 years.
There are several details about WAI which will have an impact on your choices:
· WAI will start with 110 employees, in the following departments:
· Executives (9 employees) – manage and run the company
· Accounts and Sales Department (15 employees) – perform market research and maintain accounts
· Creative, Media and Production Department (59 employees) – advertising
· Human Resources and Finances (17 employees) – perform HR and financial duties
· IT (10 employees) – manage IT for the company
· WAI will have two sites, one in Seattle and one in New York. Most staff will be located in Seattle, with at least 1 person from each of the departments above located in NY.
· Networking equipment is already in place for both sites. A secure tunnel (using IPSec) will be established between the two sites so that inter-site traffic will be securely tunneled over the Internet. You may make whatever other assumptions you wish about intra-and inter-site connectivity.
· Security mechanisms (e.g., firewalls, intrusion detection) will be handled separately, and there is no need to describe them.
· Some departments will want their data to remain private from other departments (e.g., Finances personnel will not want Production staff to see the company’s financial details). Your team may make assumptions about how data should be shared or kept private.
· Assumptions can be made regarding any information not included here; all assumptions should be identified, however.
Topics to Cover
Your document should cover the content presented in the course. The outline below contains recommended points to cover. You are free to add other related information.
Describe the technical and business reasons for each choice, citing other resources as appropriate.
The Windows Server 2012 operating system should be used for all aspects of the solution.
The topics inclu.
Willowbrook SchoolBackgroundWillowbrook School is a small, pri.docxalanfhall8953
Willowbrook School
Background
Willowbrook School is a small, private school in the Midwest United States. For the past 20 years, it has offered a curriculum for preschool through 6th grade. Five years ago it expanded to offer after-school care, usually referred to as after care, on premises. After care is not only offered to Willowbrook’s students, but also for students of other schools in the area.
As an independent systems analyst working as a team, you work as an IT consultant, specializing in developing IT solutions for small businesses. You have been contacted by the director, Victoria Owens, to discuss the possibility of setting up a computer system to handle some of the school’s administrative and financial tasks. She explains to you that Willowbrook is experiencing significant increases in enrollment applications for all programs. Increases in applications, coupled with increased demand for after-school care, have led to a very high workload for the administrative personnel and staff. The principal and teachers have stepped in where possible, but the demand is becoming too great. Willowbrook School is a non-profit, and is not in a position to hire another full-time administrative position, which is what the principal and director think would be needed to handle the increased workload. You agree to meet with Victoria and the principal, Kathy Gilliard next week to discuss the school and its need for an information system.
You sit down with Victoria and Kathy on Wednesday to ask them some questions to help you determine what type of information system they need. You explain to them that information systems bring computer hardware and software together with people, processes, and data to produce specific results. They are excited to tell you about their situation and what they have in mind for a computer system to help with some of the work load. To help you with planning for the information system, you ask them about what personnel they have, as well as some questions to determine what types of information each person needs to do their job.
Victoria explains her role as the executive director of the school. She administers the activities of the school in accordance with the mission, vision, and policies established by the Board of Directors. She supports the educational staff and oversees the financial, payroll, and human resources functions for the school. She also prepares all necessary reports and evaluations for the state and local school boards. Kathy says that as the principal of Willowbrook she handles the academic and curricular issues that arise, and ensures that the school meets all federal and state educational standards. Kathy and the teachers who report to her make decisions jointly about admissions and assignments to classrooms. The two kitchen staff personnel, a head cook and an assistant, also report to the principal. She also coordinates students’ bus transportation schedule. The school contracts with a local bussing co.
Wind PowerUsed For Millennia Variations in alb.docxalanfhall8953
Wind Power
Used For Millennia
Variations in albedo
Wind
The Uneven Heating of the Surface
Annual average net radiation from the Earth’s surface 1995 - 1986
Areas of heat gain and loss on Earth’s surface
Re-distribution of Excess Heat
Atmospheric Circulation on a Non-rotating
Earth
One cell in each hemisphere.
Warm air rises at the equator and moves north.
Cool air sinks at the poles and flows toward the equator.
Coriolis Effect
Coriolis Effect: tendency of a fluid (water or air) to be deflected from
its straight-line path as it moves across the Earth’s surface.
Deflection of a moving object is to the Right in the Northern
Hemisphere and Left in the Southern Hemisphere.
High Pressure
High Pressure
Low Pressure
High Pressure
Rising air
Descending air
Low Pressure
Descending Air
Rising air
Low pressure
Descending air
Atmospheric Circulation on a Rotating Earth
InterTropical Convergence Zone
(another source of wind)
Wind Generation
Turbine Blades
Inside of Wind Turbine
Size Scale of Wind Turbines
Small Scale Wind Power (Domestic systems)
Large Scale Wind Power (Grid Systems)
Wind Characteristics
Highly variable at several different timescales:
From hour to hour
Daily
Seasonally
High demand may not correspond to peak winds.
Instantaneous electrical generation and consumption must remain in
balance to maintain the grid stability.
Intermittent winds pose problem for wind power. Backup generation
capacity (fossil fuels) or energy storage (pump storage) may be
needed.
Turbine Size
Domestic size Grid size
Early Wind Farms
Limited output per turbine.
Required large numbers of turbines.
Large Scale Wind Turbines
Note bus
New Wind Turbine Designs
Learning From Nature
Humpback Whale Blade design
Potential Wind Energy Regions
Wind & Water
Ocean wind farm off Denmark
Energy Output Vs. Wind Velocity
Each potential wind farm has its own wind characteristics
Advantages of Wind Power
• No fuel consumed.
• No air pollution.
• Energy used to build a wind power plant equals the
energy produced by the plant in a few months time =
pays for itself.
• Allows for multiple land use in farming and electrical
generation.
Surprising Resistance to Wind Power
Environmental Effects
Danger to birds and bats.
Noisy (whooof, whooof)
Medical problems
Aesthetics (Cape Cod).
Danger to birds and bats
Danger to birds and bats
Birdwatchers in UK flock to see rare
bird, then watch it killed by wind turbine
Bird Friendly Compressed Air
Turbine
Perceived Wind Noise
San Gorgoino Pass, California
Near Palm Springs, popular resort
New Wind Farm Proposal
Cape Cod Wind Farm
Against
Against
Can’t Please Everybody
Artist Rendition of Proposed Cape
Cod Wind Farm
Cape Cod wind farm would not be visible for
more that 7 - 8 months a year due to haze.
Isle of Lewis, Scotland
Isle of Lewis Standing Stones
La Venta,.
winter 2013 235 CREATE A CONTRACTInstructionsI will giv.docxalanfhall8953
winter 2013 235
CREATE A CONTRACT
Instructions:
I will give you a fact scenario below that involves some college students who are having difficulty living together as roommates.
Your task will be to create a contract to solve the problems and issues that the fact pattern raises. Hint I had (sixteen) 16 issues when I did the assignment.
After you create the contract, you will then include around a two page written description about WHY you chose to design the provisions of the contract the way you did.
Your grade will be based on:
1. Whether your contract identifies and solves the problems
2. Whether your contract is realistic
a. (ie a clause that says no roommate shall ever enter the room of another roommate is not practical because what if you hear them yelling for help, or if you haven’t seen them in 14 days.) I want you to think about “loopholes” and the “what if” types of things that can go wrong.
3. Language… Really in this assignment PLEASE pay attention to the words you type because one missing word can make the contract really silly… In last year’s contracts I had someone write… A roommate can eat any food in the apartment that has their name on it… (Great give me a pen and I’ll just put my name on everything).
4. Your explanation, did you have sound reasoning for putting in something in the contract.
5. Following the LAW:… This assignment requires you to have a general understanding of what a contract is and how it works… That is, after all, what we have been studying.
a. Do not include items in your contract that are illegal or are not a contract… For example do not say if the roommate leaves the toilet seat up, they will place their hands on the toilet and have their fingers slammed 10 times by the toilet seat. (That’s not enforceable)
b. Do NOT include something like… If roommate “brion” doesn’t like the punishment he can change it to what he wants, or if I don’t want to follow this rule I don’t have to”… (It is not a contract if one person can CHOOSE to not follow something, It also not a contract when you leave punishments, requirements ect for the “future to be determined”
6. Creativity/problem solving/format of contract
a. You must follow the general format of a contract I have included after the fact scenario… Trust me I am including the sections that ALL your contracts must have for your benefit. It will make organizing it a lot easier for you.
b. You must CHOOSE to write your contract from the viewpoint of one of the four people below or as a disinterested outside party… This is critical because if you are writing the contract from the perspective of one of the people it should FAVOR that person (in a reasonable way), if you are writing as a disinterested third party (an attorney) you should try and be as fair to all as possible.
c. In your explanation tell me from what viewpoint…actually make that your first sentence.
******************************************************************
.
WinEst As 1. Es2. Tassignment stInfo (Esti.docxalanfhall8953
WinEst As
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a. Name
b. Due:
c. Estima
d. Start
e. Estima
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Date: Toda
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Tables:
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3. Adding Markups
a. Add Net Markup
i. Name: Overhead and Profit
ii. Type: 15%
b. Add Sales Tax
i. Name: Sales Tax
ii. Type: 6.5%
iii. Restrict this Tax Markup to: Material
4. Print Report
a. Report 1:
i. Sheet View, set Filter to “’95 Div Details”
ii. File -> Print Preview -> Style
1. Layout: Landscape
2. Header/Footer -> Custom Header
a. Left Text (Use Field Tags…)
i. Est Info – Project Name
ii. Est Info – Start Date
iii. Est Info – Due Date
b. Center Text (Use Field Tags…)
i. Est Info – Type
ii. Est Info – Status
c. Right Text
i. Name
ii. Professor Name
iii. Class
iv. Date
b. Report 2:
i. Totals View
ii. File -> Print Preview
1. Ensure the Layout and Headers match Report 1
5. DUE: Monday, April 7, 2014 by 5:00 pm
1
Getting Started with WinEst
Sample Exercise v10.1
Professional Cost Estimating and Budgeting
Things you need to know about WinEst
Pull Down Menus & Tool Bars
There are different ways to view your toolbar in WinEst. Here are 2 examples. If you prefer large toolbar buttons,
select ‘Preferences’ from the ‘Tools’ menu option. Now select the Toolbars option from the displayed list of
preferences. To the right, under ‘Style’, change the Images to ‘Large’. Click OK.
Toolbar - Small Images with Short Text
Toolbar - Large Images with Text
WinEst has pull down menus for each of the following - File, Edit, View, Filters, Tables, Tools, Database, Reports,
Custom, Window and Help. When the mouse is clicked on one of these menu items, a list drops down and the
available commands display for that menu. Scan the menus to see the features available in the WinEst program.
Help
Help is always available. You can select the Contents command on the Help menu or press the F1 key to view
help.
2
Navigating in WinEst
WinEst has three main views. These enable you to follow a structured method for building and reviewing your
estimates. You can move from view to view at any time by clicking one of the corresponding toolbar buttons
(‘Takeoff’, ‘Sheet’ and ‘Totals’) or by making selections from the ‘View’ Menu.
Takeoff View
This view is for adding items to your estimate from the price book Database. From here you can:
• Lookup items in the database
• Perform takeoff calculations
• Assign Work Breakdown Structures (WBS) to items
• Analyze the Item takeoff audit trail
• Enter unique, “one time” items
• Add notes to it.
Wiley Plus Brief Exercise 6 –Accounting 100Brief Exercise 6-1B.docxalanfhall8953
Wiley Plus Brief Exercise 6 –Accounting 100
Brief Exercise 6-1
Brief Exercise 6-1
Farley Company identifies the following items for possible inclusion in the taking of a physical inventory.
Indicate whether each item should be "Included" or "Not Included" from the inventory taking.
(a)
Goods shipped on consignment by Farley to another company.
(b)
Goods in transit from a supplier shipped FOB destination.
(c)
Goods sold but being held for customer pickup.
(d)
Goods held on consignment from another company.
Brief Exercise 6-2
Wilbur Company has the following items:
Indicate whether each item should be "Included" or "Not Included" from the inventory taking.
(a)
Freight-In
(b)
Purchase Returns and Allowances
(c)
Purchases
(d)
Sales Discounts
(e)
Purchase Discounts
Brief Exercise 6-8
Pettit Company reports net income of $90,000 in 2014. However, ending inventory was understated $7,000.
What is the correct net income for 2014?
The correct net income for 2014
$
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Brief Exercise 6-9 (Part Level Submission)
At December 31, 2014, the following information was available for A. Kamble Company: ending inventory $40,000, beginning inventory $60,000, cost of goods sold $270,000, and sales revenue $380,000.
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(a)
Calculate inventory turnover for A. Kamble Company. (Round answer to 1 decimal place, e.g. 1.5.)
Inventory turnover
times
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Exercise 6-1
Tri-State Bank and Trust is considering giving Josef Company a loan. Before doing so, management decides that further discussions with Josef’s accountant may be desirable. One area of particular concern is the inventory account, which has a year-end balance of $297,000. Discussions with the accountant reveal the following.
1.
Josef sold goods costing $38,000 to Sorci Company, FOB shipping point, on December 28. The goods are not expected to arrive at Sorci until January 12. The goods were not included in the physical inventory because they were not in the warehouse.
2.
The physical count of the inventory did not include goods costing $95,000 that were shipped to Josef FOB destination on December 27 and were still in transit at year-end.
3.
Josef received goods costing $22,000 on January 2. The goods were shipped FOB shipping point on December 26 by Solita Co. The goods were not included in the physical count.
4.
Josef sold goods costing $35,000 to Natali Co., FOB destination, on December 30. The goods were received at Natali on January 8. They were not included in Josef's physical inventory.
5.
Josef received goods costing $44,000 on January 2 that were sh.
Winter 2011 • Morality in Education 35Workplace Bullying .docxalanfhall8953
Winter 2011 • Morality in Education 35
Workplace Bullying: Costly and
Preventable
By Terry L Wiedmer
W orkplace bullying is a pervasive practice by malicious individuals who seekpower, control,domination, and subjugation. In businesses or schools, such bullying is an inefficient
way of working that is both costly and preventable. Senior management and executives are
ultimately responsible for creating and sustaining bully-free workplaces. Workplace bullies can be
stopped if employees and employers work together to establish and enforce appropriate workplace
policies and practices. This article presents information about workplace bullying, including its
prevalence, targeted individuals, bullying behaviors, employer practices, and steps to prevent
bullying. In the end, leadership and an environment of respect provide the ultimate formula for
stopping workplace bullying.
Bullying occurs between and among people in all venues—in the home, community, and
workplace. It is a pervasive, targeted, and planned effort that can be overtly obvious or
can fly under the radar and is conducted by practiced and malicious individuals who seek
power, control, domination, and subjugation. The impacts of such actions—in terms of
finances, emotions, health, morale, and overall productivity—are destructive, and the
ramifications are limitless (Mattice, 2009). Because no one is immune from the potential of
being subjected to bullying in the workplace, this topic merits further review and analysis
(Van Dusen, 2008). :
To combat workplace bullying, often referred to as psychological harassment or
violence (Workplace Bullying Institute [WBI], 2007), employers must have a full range of
policies in place and means available to them to create and maintain a healthy workplace
culture and climate. Although they are not generally for-profit endeavors, schools and
school systems are purposeful businesses that share the same concerns and have the same
responsibility to ensure that each employee works in a respectful environment and is not
subjected to workplace bullies.
Workplace Bullying •
According to the Workforce Bullying Institute (WBI), workplace bullying is
the repeated, health-harming mistreatment of one or more persons (the targets)
by one or more perpetrators that takes one or more of the following forms: verbal
abuse; offensive conduct/behaviors (including nonverbal) which are threatening,
humiliating, or intimidating; and work interference—sabotage—which prevents
work from getting done. (Definition of Workplace Bullying, para. 1)
Bullies seek to induce harm, jeopardize one's career and job, and destroy interpersonal
relationships. The behaviors of bullies harm people and ravage profits.
36 The Delta Kappa Gamma Bulletin
Prevalence of Workplace Bullying
Thirty-seven percent of U.S. workforce members report being bullied at work; this amounts
to an estimated 54 million Americans, which translates to nearly the entire population of
the states of Wash.
With the competitive advantage that Crocs’ supply chain holds, the.docxalanfhall8953
With the competitive advantage that Crocs’ supply chain holds, the company also wants to be able to sustain their customers’ satisfaction. In doing this, they must make sure that their transformation process is producing consistent output especially when new products are introduced. This can be achieved by having a solid quality control system.
With the quality control system, inspections are to take place at three critical points. The first one is before production, which involves the raw materials in Crocs’ case that would be the raw materials, or chemicals that they purchase in pellet form. This first step can be eliminated by through supplier certification. The second critical point is during the production process. Process quality control takes place, which involves statistical process control. Periodic samples are taken from a continuous production, as long as sample measurements fall within the control limit the production will continue. However, if the samples fall outside the control limits, the process is stopped and a search is made for an assignable cause. In this case, the process will use a quality control chart known as an attribute control chart. The whole purpose is to find the natural random variability in the output oppose to unnecessary variations. The company must maintain that natural random variability to be under statistical control. The last critical point is after production. Following these inspections is process capability. Process capability is assessed once the process is under statistical control. It is the ability of the process to meet or exceed customers’ specifications. Process capability is determined by using the process capability index. If the process is unable to meet the customer specifications the following step is continuous improvement in which case seven tools are used including a flow chart, check sheet, histogram, Pareto chart, cause and effect, scatter diagram and a control chart. These tools are then incorporated into an improvement approach known as Six Sigma. Six Sigma includes five steps:
1. Defining a process for improvement
2. Measuring the variables and setting goals for improvement
3. Analyzing the root causes in which case the seven tools are referred to
4. Making improvements
5. Implementing a control plan to ensure that changes are permanent
In furthering research on Crocs, it has been stated in online reviews by various customers that they have experienced defects in the seam of their shoes, cases in which their shoe had shrunk or didn’t fit at all, Crocs’ flip flops tearing apart, holes appearing in their shoes, and the smell of the shoes. These reviews are accessible to many consumers, and are capable of tainting the reputation of Crocs. Reviews such as these are important to pay attention to because it’s proof of the importance of solidifying an efficient quality control system. It is especially important when introducing new products, and the use of different materials. .
Wind power resources on the eastern U.S. continental shelf are est.docxalanfhall8953
Wind power resources on the eastern U.S. continental shelf are estimated to be over 400 GW, several times the electricity used by U.S. eastern coastal states. The first U.S. developer proposes to build 130 large (40 story tall) wind turbines in Nan- tucket Sound, just outside Massachusetts state waters. These would provide 420 MW at market prices, enough electricity for most of Cape Cod. The project is opposed by a vigorous and well-financed coalition. Polling shows local public opinion on the project almost equally divided. This article draws on semistructured interviews with residents of Cape Cod to analyze values, beliefs, and logic of supporters and oppo- nents. For example, one value found to lead to opposition is that the ocean is a special place that should be kept natural and free of human intrusion. One line of argument found to lead to support is: The war in Iraq is problematic, this war is “really” over petroleum, Cape Cod generates electricity from oil, therefore, the wind project would improve U.S. security. Based on analysis of the values and reasoning behind our interview data, we identify four issues that are relevant but not currently part of the debate.
Introduction
Recent assessments of renewable energy show that wind power has, since the turn of the century, become cost-competitive in the sites with the most favorable wind regimes (Herzog et al., 2001). Until very recently, large-scale North American wind resources were believed to exist in the Great Plains of the United States, northern Canada, and central Canada only (Grubb & Meyer, 1993). Although these huge resources are enough to meet the entire continent’s electrical needs, they are distant from the large coastal cities where electricity is primarily consumed—imposing a need for costly large-scale transmission lines (Cavallo, 1995). In just the last couple of years, it has been recog- nized that the Atlantic Ocean also has a large wind resource on the continental shelf, close to East Coast cities. Three or four manufacturers have developed large wind elec- tric turbines designed to be placed offshore, in waters up to 20–30 m in depth. To date these have been placed only in European waters. By late 2003, the resources, the tech- nology, and the economic viability had all come together in the Eastern United States, potentially allowing large-scale deployment to begin by 2005.
The furthest advanced of a handful of proposed U.S. offshore wind developments is in Nantucket Sound, off the Southern coast of Cape Cod, Massachusetts. This proposal has engendered a widespread, well-organized, well-financed, and politically potent op- position. This movement’s strength, and the apparent contradiction of such opposition coming from a population thought of as politically liberal and environmentally con- cerned, have garnered national press coverage (e.g., Burkett, 2003). A second project was proposed by the Long Island Power Authority for the southern edge of Long Island, with an .
Wilco Corporation has the following account balances at December 3.docxalanfhall8953
Wilco Corporation has the following account balances at December 31, 2012.
Common stock, $5 par value
$555,600
Treasury stock
90,720
Retained earnings
2,426,200
Paid-in capital in excess of par—common stock
1,321,900
Prepare Wilco’s December 31, 2012, stockholders’ equity section. (For preferred stock, common stock and treasury stock enter the account name only and do not provide the descriptive information provided in the question.)
WILCO CORPORATION
Stockholders’ Equity
December 31, 2012
$
:
$
Sprinkle Inc. has outstanding 10,050 shares of $10 par value common stock. On July 1, 2012, Sprinkle reacquired 107 shares at $89 per share. On September 1, Sprinkle reissued 61 shares at $90 per share. On November 1, Sprinkle reissued 46 shares at $85 per share.
Prepare Sprinkle’s journal entries to record these transactions using the cost method. (If no entry is required, select "No Entry" for the account titles and enter 0 for the amounts. Credit account titles are automatically indented when amount is entered. Do not indent manually.)
Date
Account Titles and Explanation
Debit
Credit
7/1/12
9/1/12
11/1/12
Graves Mining Company declared, on April 20, a dividend of $519,800, on its $5 par common stock, payable on June 1. Of this amount, $133,700 is a return of capital.
Prepare the April 20 and June 1 entries for Graves. (If no entry is required, select "No Entry" for the account titles and enter 0 for the amounts. Credit account titles are automatically indented when amount is entered. Do not indent manually.)
Date
Account Titles and Explanation
Debit
Credit
Apr. 20
June 1
Apr. 20 Retained Earnings = ($519,800 – $133,700) = $386,100
Abernathy Corporation was organized on January 1, 2012. It is authorized to issue 10,290 shares of 8%, $65 par value preferred stock, and 544,000 shares of no-par common stock with a stated value of $2 per share. The following stock transactions were completed during the first year.
Jan. 10
Issued 80,330 shares of common stock for cash at $6 per share.
Mar. 1
Issued 5,670 shares of preferred stock for cash at $113 per share.
Apr. 1
Issued 24,730 shares of common stock for land. The asking price of the land was $90,540; the fair value of the land was $80,330.
May 1
Issued 80,330 shares of common stock for cash at $9 per share.
Aug. 1
Issued 10,290 shares of common stock to attorneys in payment of their bill of $50,620 for services rendered in helping the company organize.
Sept. 1
Issued 10,290 shares of common stock for cash at $11 per share.
Nov. 1
Issued 1,940 shares of preferred stock for cash at $115 per share.
Prepare the journal entries to record the above transactions. (If no entry is required, select "No Entry" for the account titles and enter 0 for the amounts. Credit account titles are automatically indented when amount is entered. Do not indent manually.)
Date
Account Titles and Explanation
Debit
Credit
Jan. 10
M.
Wilson Majee Technology Diffusion, S-Curve, and Innovation.docxalanfhall8953
Wilson Majee
Technology Diffusion, S-Curve, and Innovation-Decision Process
In this week's reflection report I will discuss technology diffusion, S-Curves and innovation
decision process. I will use the healthcare industry as an example. Our healthcare system is ever
evolving - new technologies, insurance models, and information systems are shaping the system
on a daily basis. Despites these changes and the huge healthcare expenditures (16 of GDP in
America compared to 8 in United Kingdom), Americans are comparatively not any healthier
than citizens in most other developed nations (Merson, Black, & Mills, 2012). The disconnect
between investments in technology and health outcomes is a concern of us all. It makes as
question technology diffusion within the healthcare system: are investments in health system
being spent efficiently? Are consumers really resistant to changes that benefit their health? Or
are there issues with technology diffusion as a practice.
Diffusion is the process by which an innovation is spread through a population. Ironically,
people and institutions, generally, do not like change. Change is viewed as painful, difficult and
times creating uncertainties. Because of this, and for the healthcare industry, huge amounts of
resources are devoted either to promoting innovations (for example, selling the latest drug,
imaging system, medical device etc.) or to preventing innovations from disrupting the status quo.
Although many successful healthcare innovations are aimed at making people healthier, at
relatively smaller increases in costs, IT usage in healthcare has always lagged other industries -
ERH are a good example. Adoption of ERH was slow. Literature on technology diffusion states
that successful implementation is influenced by the compatibility and complexity of the
innovation, organizational context, and the characteristics of the implementation strategy (Cain
M, & Mittman, 2002; Rogers, 1995). People respond to these factors differently resulting in an
S-shaped curve illustration of the adoption process.
The S-curve model shows that any innovation is first adopted by a few people/organizations and
as more use it, and confidence is built around the technology, other will begin to use it. Because
of the inherent uncertainty to new innovations, the decision to adopt an innovation takes time.
However, "once the diffusion reaches a level of critical mass, it proceeds rapidly. Eventually a
point is reached where the population is less likely to adopt the innovation, and spread slows
down. The S-curve implies a hierarchy of adopters, starting with innovators, early adopters, early
majority, late majority and laggards (Rogers, 1995). In other words the S-curve explains the
innovation-decision process: the process through which an individual/organization passes
through from when they gain knowledge of an innovation, to forming an attitude, to the decision
to accept or reject the innovation, .
WinARM - Simulating Advanced RISC Machine Architecture
Shuqiang Zhang
Department of Computer Science
Columbia University
New York, NY
[email protected]
Abstract
This paper discusses the design and imple-
mentation of the WinARM, a simulator imple-
mented in C for the Advanced RISC Machine
(ARM) processor. The intended users of this tool
are those individuals interested in learning com-
puter architecture, particularly those with an inter-
est in the Advanced RISC Machine processor fam-
ily.
WinARM facilitates the learning of computer
architecture by offering a hands-on approach to
those who have no access to the actual hardware.
The core of the simulator is implemented in C with
and models a fetch-decode-execute paradigm; a
Visual Basic GUI is included to give users an in-
teractive environment to observe different stages
of the simulation process.
1. Introduction:
This paper describes how to simulate an
ARM processor using the C programming lan-
guage. In the course of this discussion, the reader
is introduced to the details of the ARM processor
architecture and discovers how the hardware
specifications are simulated in software using
execution-driven simulation. Execution driven
simulation is also know as instruction-level simu-
lation, register-cycle simulation or cycle-by-cycle
simulation [3]. Instruction level simulation con-
sists of fetch, decode and execution phases [4].
ARM processors were first designed and
manufactured by Acorn Computer Group in the
mid 1980’s [1]. Due to its high performance and
power efficiency, ARM processors can be found
on wide range of electronic devices, such as Sony
Playstation, Nintendo Game Boy Advance and
Compaq iPAQs. The 32-bit microprocessor was
designed using RISC architecture with data proc-
essing operations occurring in registers instead of
memory. The processor has 16 visible 32 bit regis-
ters and a reduced instruction set that is 32-bits
wide. The details on the registers and instructions
can be obtained from the ARM Architectural Ref-
erence Manual [2].
2. Related Works:
This section discusses different types of
simulators available today and their different ap-
proaches in design and implementation. Most
simulation tools can be classified as user level
simulators: these simulate the execution of a proc-
ess and emulate any system calls made on the tar-
get computer using the operating system of the
host computer [5]. WinARM is an example of this
type of simulator; it executes ARM instructions on
a host Pentium x86 processor using a
fetch-decode-execute paradigm. KScalar Simulator
[Moure 6], PPS suite [7], CPU Sim3.1 [8] and OA-
Mulator [9] are simulators best suited for educa-
tional purposes. They show the basic ideas of com-
puter organization with relatively few details and
complexity. They are specifically designed for stu-
dents who have little or no background in com-
puter architecture and who need a.
William PennWhat religion was William PennWilliam Pen was fr.docxalanfhall8953
William Penn
What religion was William Penn?
William Pen was from an Anglican family that was very distinguished. His father was Sir William Pen who was a landowner. At twenty two, Penn decided to join the Quakers which was also referred to as the Religious Society of Friends. The Quakers used to obey the inner light and they believed that the inner light came directly from God. They refused to take their hats off or even bow for any man. They also refused to take their arms up. Their beliefs were completely different as compared to the beliefs that the other Christians had (Barbour & Frost, 1988).
The Oxford University in England expelled Penn in the year 1662 since he refused to conform to the teachings of the Anglican Church. He could publicly state his beliefs and he could also print some of the things that he believed in.
Quakers’ founder was George Foxx who was a close friend to Penn. Cromwell’s death was a time of turmoil to the Quakers since they were suspected for the death. They were suspected because they had beliefs that differed from the religion that had been imposed for the state. They had also refused to swear a loyalty oath to Cromwell, who was the king. Quakers did not swear since Christ had commanded people not to swear.
The religious views that Penn had were a distress to his father. Naval service had helped him earn an Ireland estate and he had always hoped that the intelligence and charisma that his son had could help him in winning favor at the Charles II court. However, that could not happen since his son was always arrested. Penn and George Foxx were frequent companions since they could always travel together in order to spread their ministry. He also wrote a comprehension that was detailed and comprehensive regarding Quakerism. After the death of his father in 1670, Penn inherited the estates of the family and he could frequently visit the court of King Charles II where he was always campaigning for freedom in religion (Penn, 1794).
Where was William Penn born?
William Penn was born in London, United Kingdom. He was born on fourteenth of October in the year 1644. He was a privileged son since he was born by a gentleman who was a land owner. Thomas Loe, who was a Quaker minister, greatly affected Penn by his teachings.
In 1677 a group of important men all from Penn’s religion received a land area in the Colonies for them to settle. Penn himself remained in England but wrote a government for this new community. In what part of the US was this land area located?
In the year 1677, the Quakers relocated to another land. The city of Burlington is located in the Burlington County in New Jersey. It is Philadelphia’s suburb. The Quakers settlers moved to Burlington. Burlington served as West Jersey’s capital until the year 1702. The Quakers were able to formally establish their congregation in the year 1678. Initially, they could meet in private homes. However, between 1683 and 1687, a hexagonal house that was made .
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Chapter 3 - Islamic Banking Products and Services.pptx
Week Six Lecture Welcome to the world of public relations!.docx
1. Week Six Lecture
Welcome to the world of public relations! Just what is public
relations? Is it advertising? Is it marketing? Is it community
activities or crisis management? What do public relations
professionals do? Has anyone known a PR professional?
Exposure to this individual will reveal a flurry of unending
energy and enthusiasm. One of the most important skills of this
individual is the ability to develop relationships and contacts
with every kind of person. A PR professional can call a CEO
and have his or her phone call returned! In addition, a PR
professional must possess superior writing skills as well as
verbal communication skills. Could this be why Ashford faculty
members hold high, rigorous standards for writing?
According to the Public Relations Society of America, public
relations professionals communicate with the external publics of
an organization. Is this the same as marketing or sales? No!
According to Cameron, Wilcox, Reber, and Shin (2008), sales is
a function of marketing. Sales is focused on an organization’s
customers and selling the products of the organization. The
objective of sales is to increase market share and profitability.
Ogden & Ogden discuss three differences between public
relations and advertising: since the organization does not pay
for PR, it cannot control the message; PR may not always be
positive; and the third difference is the public tends to believe
the information from PR is from a trusted and reliable resource
(Ogden & Ogden, 2014).
Public relations is focused on building relationships and
implementing communications strategies that will build
goodwill for the organization. Public relations is what we see
2. when organizations are working on Habitat for Humanity or the
Salvation Army bell ringer or the Toys for Tots campaigns.
Public relations' only focus is to build a positive relationship
and create goodwill with its publics. PR never thinks of sales or
market share or profitability.
One important function of the public relations professional is to
be the liaison between its publics and the organization in times
of an emergency, conflict or crisis. Did you know there are four
stages of the conflict cycle? Many organizations in our current
economic downturn are experiencing layoffs, job cuts, and wage
reductions. It is the PR professional's job to "spin" what is
typically viewed as a negative into something positive.
Crisis management is another area of responsibility for a PR
professional. A crisis is something that interferes with the
normal business operation. Spilling oil into the Gulf of Mexico
was clearly a crisis. Do you remember who the organization
used as their initial spokesperson? British Petroleum (BP) had
their CEO, Tony Hayward, in front of the cameras to reassure
the public all measures were being implemented to restore the
surrounding environment from the damage of the oil spill. Mr.
Hayward also told the public their vessel's leak had been
contained when that was not the case. What was the public
reaction? Outrage! Vehement outrage and an insistence on
containing the oil leaking into the Gulf of Mexico. As you may
have read in the news, Mr. Hayward violated just about every
PR rule and was replaced.. For more information, click
http://www.deepwaterhorizonsettlements.com/ to see the final
outcome and BP's legal responsibility.
Celebrities whose names have become their brand also hire a PR
professional. Think of celebrities such as Tiger Woods or Kobe
Bryant, for example, who have had negative publicity. How
have their managers handled the crisis and tried to rebuild the
positive brand image of the athletes? Has either athlete lost
endorsement contracts as a result of negative publicity? Who is
3. a recent celebrity in the news trying to rebuild a brand? The
world of PR can be a fascinating glimpse into what is happening
behind the scenes. Should a public relations policy be made in
the middle of a crisis? Of course not . . . organizations should
have protocols and PR releases already on file that can be
implemented at a moment's notice.
Forbes School of Business Faculty
References:
Cameron, G. T., Wilcox, D. L., Reber, B. H., & Shin, J. (2008).
Public relations today: Managing competition and conflict.
Boston, MA: Pearson Education, Inc.
Ogden, J. R., & Ogden, D. T. (2014). Utilizing a strategic
marketing approach to managing marketing communications.
San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc.
Qualman, E. (2013). Socialnomics. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley &
Sons.
Week Five Lecture
Online Marketing & Social Media
Social media has added a powerful online media that is designed
to encourage user interaction. This format adds a powerful
dimension to communications strategies. Social media sites such
as Facebook, Google+ Social Service, Twitter, YouTube, and
Linked In are the major players in social media (Ogden &
Ogden, 2014). Consumers may post messages by written
messages, videos, podcasts, photographs, etc. Qualman (2013)
states the 21st century has moved from "word of mouth" to
"world of mouth" (p. 1), meaning the power of millions of
consumers reading what has been posted online about a product
or an organization is now read by consumers all over the world.
Yet, Qualman states 70% of "big company CEOs have no
presence on social networks" (p.) and suggests businesses
embrace the social media in order to stay connected to
4. consumers. Kabani (2013) agrees; however, the author suggests
the marketing strategies used in traditional marketing venues
will not be applied to the effective marketing strategies via
social media. New strategies must be adapted for the social
media marketing strategy because this media platform belongs
to the consumer rather than to the marketer. New tactics must
also be developed in order to assess the data extracted from
social media.
Kozinets (2002) has coined a new term, "netnography," which is
the process organizations can use to track patterns and other
useful consumer information from the online postings. The
postings on social media web sites will give the organizations
an opportunity to right something if it is wrong. More
importantly, reading what consumers are posting will give the
organization an opportunity to identify emerging trends or an
unmet demand and be first in the marketplace to fill that
demand.
While it is very important an organization have a presence
within the Internet and social media, care must be taken to
assess the ROI on such investment. Metrics such as those listed
on page 292 (Ogden & Ogden) of our text give managers an idea
of how activities on the social media sites could lead to
eventual sales and market share. Most of the activities are easily
tracked by looking at the posts on each web site. Metrics such
as Google Analytics can help track the postings and response
rates for a very large organization. The important point to
remember is the social media activity should be monitored in
order to confirm the activity is contributing to the
organization’s overall mission and objectives.
The power of social media and its influence in the integrated
marketing communications strategy cannot be overlooked
(Ogden & Ogden, 2014). Does this mean we should abandon the
more traditional tactics and venues of the IMC? No; of course
5. not. It depends upon the targeted market segment. For instance,
if the organization is targeting older consumers, the traditional
methods such as television and/or radio may still be effective
for reaching this group of consumers. If, however, the
organization is targeting tech savvy Baby Boomers, Generations
X, Y, & the Millennials, then using social media is a must.
People want to know what their colleagues and peers are
thinking. If you were thinking about purchasing a specific
model of auto, for example, are you more likely to believe the
postings of your peers or the advertising claims of the
organization?
Forbes School of Business Faculty
References:
Kabani, S. (2013). The zen of social marketing. Dallas, TX:
BenBella Books, Inc.
Kozinets, R. V. (2002, February). The field behind the screen:
Using netnography for marketing research in online
communities. Journal of Marketing Research, 39, 61-72
Ogden, J. R., & Ogden, D. T. (2014). Utilizing a strategic
marketing approach to managing marketing communications.
San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc.
Qualman, E. (2013). Socialnomics. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley &
Sons.
Week Four Lecture
Alternative Marketing
Marketing venues used to be so traditional: we had three
network channels, outdoor billboards, newspapers, magazines,
and a few radio stations located in each market. Not true for
today! Today's marketer has to select from the traditional
venues along with dozens of cable channels, satellite radio, and
6. the Internet. The Internet alone adds selections such as
smartphones, tablets, and social media. What is a marketer to
do? How does a marketer begin to select a venue that has the
highest probability of reaching the organization's potential
customers on a limited budget?
Today's marketers have embraced a new method of
communication; along with the traditional venues, marketers
now also use alternative marketing tactics such as "buzz
marketing, guerrilla marketing, product placements and branded
entertainment, and lifestyle marketing" (Clow & Baack, 2012,
p. 258). Sometimes this is called "tradigital marketing" because
the marketing strategy is a combination of traditional and
digital venues. How does a marketer select a venue? Marketers
will use the venue believed offers the highest probability of
reaching their targeted market segments.
Our text does a very good job of describing buzz marketing,
guerrilla marketing, product placements and branded
entertainment, and lifestyle marketing. Buzz marketing is just
like word-of-mouth marketing, except it has a far greater reach
because of the Internet. Get people talking about your product.
Get people telling their friends about your product. Finally, get
the people to blog via social media about your product. Do you
see how such word-of-mouth marketing travels around the
globe? And . . . how much does this cost the organization?
Nothing.
Consumer Promotions
Consumer promotions are all around us in the form of "coupons,
percent-off discounts, free trials and samples, buy one get one
free deals, rebates, premiums, ad specialties, and contests and
sweepstakes" (Kokemuller, para. 1). Although they are used to
increase the sale of a product, their effectiveness in attracting
new, long-term customers is usually the end goal. See this
example of a consumer promotion done right with the target
market in mind:
http://youtu.be/j_DSa15hmKc
Consumer promotions are the incentives directed to the end user
7. (you). The end user could also be a business who consumes the
product and does not resell the product. Organizations invest a
significant amount of resources into sales promotion strategies
that are designed to attract and engage the consumer to buy.
Sales Promotion Strategies
Sales promotions are activities that encourage buying on a
short-term basis (Ogden & Ogden, 2014). Given this activity is
implemented in hopes of increasing sales, what could possibly
go wrong? Who does not enjoy increased sales? Table 6.1
(Ogden & Ogden, 2014) in our text lists the advantages and the
disadvantages of sales promotions. Immediate sales are terrific
and easy to measure, but those immediate sales are short term.
The sales promotion may encourage the consumer to buy, but
the company may be teaching their customers to wait for sales
before buying. Finally, those sales promotions may dilute the
brand equity of a product line and negatively impact its image.
The Coach brand has been positioned as a luxury retailer for
high-end purses and accessories. Coach products historically
were purchased at high-end retailers; however, the company
changed its strategy and began selling their products at factory
outlets where consumers were given substantial additional
discounts from the 50% pricing already in place (Trefis Team,
2014). While Coach was able to bring in customers who do not
typically purchase high-end luxury items, the organization’s
overall project margin decreased as a result of the sales
promotional strategy. Coach’s core audience has migrated to
other high-end competitors such as Michael Kors and Kate
Spade. Coach now plans to close 70 stores in North America
(Trefis Team).
Trade Promotions
Unlike consumer promotions, trade promotions are used by the
manufacturer or other members of the distribution channel to
encourage the sale of an item that will eventually be resold
(Clow & Baack, 2012). Trade promotions are business-to-
business. A terrific venue for trade promotions would be a trade
show. Trade shows are international, national, and local. One
8. trade show is the Oklahoma Restaurant Association. Another
local trade show is for the oil and gas industry held in
Oklahoma City. Many vendors will set up a booth in hopes of
meeting the decision makers of the restaurants. Sometimes this
is the only way to get in front of senior managers or owners.
The people who attend the trade show are somewhat relaxed
because they are away from their business and the day-to-day
operations issues. Vendors who sell food will hand out samples,
and other vendors will hand out trinkets – it can be a very
festive, happy environment. Vendors will offer a discount on
the purchase of equipment or waive an installation charge.
Trade shows are a very effective way to meet decision makers
and potential customers!
Forbes School of Business Faculty
References:
Clow, K. E., & Baack, D. (2012). Integrated advertising,
promotion, and marketing communications (5th ed.). Upper
Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc.
Forbes (Mar. 23, 2011). Groupon's second chance [Video file].
Retrieved from http://youtu.be/j_DSa15hmKc
Kokemuller, N. (n.d.). Consumer and trade promotions as
marketing strategies. AZ Central. Retrieved from
http://yourbusiness.azcentral.com/consumer-trade-promotions-
marketing-strategies-2869.htmlOgden, J. R., & Ogden, D. T.
(2014). Utilizing a strategic marketing approach to managing
marketing communications. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint
Education, Inc.
Qualman, E. (2013). Socialnomics. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley &
Sons.
Trevis Team. (2014, July 1). Can Coach rebuild its brand image
with new promotional strategies? Forbes. Retrieved from
http://www.forbes.com/sites/greatspeculations/2014/07/01/can-
coach-rebuild-its-brand-image-with-new-promotional-strategies/
9. Week Three Lecture
Welcome to the world of advertising! How many of you think
advertisers unfairly influence us and “make” us buy items we do
not need, cannot afford, and will not use? If you raised your
hand or silently said “I do,” then you are among a majority of
people who think advertisers will lie to encourage sales and
believe consumers are helpless pawns in the corporate game of
profitability.
Nothing could be further from the truth! Advertisers design
catchy slogans, phrases, and songs to help us remember the
points about a particular item the organization thinks will
appeal to us. Did advertisers create the need? No! Did
advertisers determine whether or not we wanted an item? Again,
no! Although the psychology behind buyer motivation is the
focus for another course, advertisers only use what is known to
appeal to a specific group of buyers in hopes of affecting sales.
We are entering a world of bright lights, vivid colors, and every
sensory perception will become aware when a commercial is on
that appeals to something we have decided we need. Why do we
want a Mercedes? Good quality? No, superior quality! But does
it really cost $30,000 more to manufacturer a Mercedes than,
say, a Ford? Most likely not. Then why do we have a mental
image of a Mercedes as a premium product? Why, advertisers,
of course! Keep in mind as we move throughout our course . . .
advertisers work very hard to write messages and music that
will appeal to us and motivate us into action.
The objective of advertising is to “inform, persuade, and
reminder consumers about business and organizational products
and other offerings” (Ogden & Ogden, 2014, section 4.1). There
are three message executional frameworks: cognitive; affective;
10. and conative, and how marketers determine which strategy has
the highest probability of producing the desired effect on
consumer behavior (Clow & Baack, 2012). Parker (2013) stated
national universities tend to use more emotional, ego-based ads
whereas regional universities tend to use more informational
and rational ads. National universities use the affective message
strategy, whereas regional universities use the cognitive
message strategy. The key is to determine what type of message
has the greatest chance of impacting consumer behavior.
Writing an advertising plan requires tedious and detailed
concentration on many items. Figure 4.1 (Ogden & Ogden,
2014) in our text lists the ten steps in writing an advertising
plan. As you can see from the figure, there is a tremendous
amount of work involved in the planning. Today’s marketing
managers are being held responsible for ROI within their
allocated budget, so time must be taken to get the advertising
plan written in a manner for the greatest possible return.
Media Selection
Media planning is written with the five W’s in mind (Ogden &
Ogden, 2014): who, what, why, when and where. Following this
format will ensure all the relevant information will be included
within the media planning. In addition, media planning must
take such factors as reach, frequency, and Gross Rating Points
(GRP) into consideration. Reach refers to the number of people
who will be exposed to the advertising message at least one
time while the advertising campaign is running. Frequency
refers to the average number of times the audience was exposed
to the advertisement during the campaign. Finally, Gross Rating
Points combine reach with frequency in an effect to determine
the weight of the message (Ogden & Ogden).
With all those ads running, how does an organization's message
get through all the "clutter"? Clow and Baack (2012) suggested
the use of celebrities could capture and keep audience attention.
11. In addition to incorporating the seven principles (visual
consistency, sufficient campaign duration, repeated taglines,
consistent positioning, simplicity, presentation of an
identifiable selling point, and creation of an effective flow) (p.
191), the authors suggested an effective manner of overcome the
clutter is ad repetition and running ads on various types of
media.
In our current economic downturn, media agencies are
scrambling to meet the advertising needs of their customers –
customers who now may not have enough money to pay for the
media contract still in effect (“Media Agencies,” 2008).
Organizations must now deliver results from advertising on an
increasingly decreasing advertising budget, a stressful situation
for the organization as well as the media agency. For example,
KFC has set high standards for their media agency and expect
delivery (“Meet,” 2008).
With so many choices available, which media might be the most
effective in attracting an organization’s targeted market
segment? According to Jeter (2003), an auto advertisement
works 50% of the time. But which 50% is working? And in
which advertising medium? A common theory, although not
supported by scientific methodology, is some media work better
than others. Vincent and Vincent (1996) claim television ads
have a significant effect on buyer motivating behavior, while
magazines are most effective for creating brand awareness.
Nowak, Cameron, and Krugman (1993) declare a survey
delivered by mail and telephone actually assist advertisers in
which media is most effective for an industry. Their findings
indicate audience reach and specific targeting of a desired
market segment are most important when selecting an
advertising media. Cost is secondary to audience reach.
Yet, how does an advertising executive determine the "best"
12. types of media? Kassaye and Vaccaro (1991/1992) suggested
that as the demographics and lifestyles of consumers change,
the traditional selection of media must be challenged and
reformed. In addition, the cost of such advertising must be
considered. Our text does a very good job of discussing reach,
frequency, opportunity to see, gross ratings, etc. Does it make
sense to advertise in a daily print newspaper if you are
advertising about a product targeted toward a Generation Y
consumer? Of course not! Instead, advertising professionals
must determine a venue where the targeted market segment
congregates. Where might a media venue be that offers the
greatest opportunity of reaching Generation Y consumers? We
will discuss this issue in greater detail within our discussion
forums. In conclusion, which media is “best”? In short, choose
an advertising media for an organization’s advertising message
that has the greatest probability of being read, seen, or heard by
the organization’s targeted market segments.
Forbes School of Business Faculty
References:
Clow, K. E., & Baack, D. (2012). Integrated advertising,
promotion, and marketing communications (5th ed.). Upper
Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc.
Jeter, L. W. (2003, September 15-21). Auto ads pack punch, but
which medium works best? Mississippi Business Journal, A15.
Kassaye, W. W., & Vaccaro, J. P. (1991/1992, Winter).
Increasing advertising effectiveness through better selection of
the media. Review of Business, 13(3), 40.
Media agencies: Time for a new model? Marketing Week, 27.
Meet the client (2008, October 14). Media Week, 17.
Nowak, G. J., Cameron, G. T., & Krugman, D. M. How local
advertisers choose and use advertising media. Journal of
Advertising Research, 33(6).
Ogden, J. R., & Ogden, D. T. (2014). Utilizing a strategic
marketing approach to managing marketing communications.
San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc.
13. Parker, B. T. (2013). Institutional advertising in higher
education: A comparison of creative strategy, message content,
and executional devices in television commercials from national
and regional universities. American Academy of Advertising.
Conference Proceedings (online): 199. Lubbock, TX: American
Academy of Advertising.
Vincent, M. & Vincent, A. (1996, June). Which medium works
best? Admap, 31(6), 12.
Week Two Lecture
Market Opportunity Analysis
Once an organization has conducted an environmental analysis,
it is time to look deeper into the potential of a given population
in order to determine if there is a potential for sales and profits.
This is called a “Market Opportunity Analysis” (Ogden &
Ogden, 2014), and it is conducted for the marketing team to be
able to determine if the market under consideration has the
required elements for the organization to make a profit.
Elements frequently considered on whether or not to enter into
a market are Michael Porter’s (1979) five competitive
strategies. Although Porter’s work was conducted 30 years ago,
Porters five competitive strategies have stood the test of time
and are used today in virtually every industry around the globe
(Renko, Sustic, & Butigan, 2011): Rivalry among existing
competitors; bargaining power of suppliers; bargaining power of
buyers; threat of substitute products or services; and threat of
new entrants (Porter). Understanding how each strategy impacts
the organization’s industry as well as the surrounding members
can be key to being able to identify the best markets with the
highest probability of opportunities. Below is a graph of the
five strategies and characteristics within each strategy.
Being able to accurately track the organization’s performance
against the expectations is a critical activity. If the marketing
14. strategy is performing below expectations, slight adjustments
can be made in many cases. In extreme cases, the organization
may have to reconsider its entire marketing strategy. One
method for monitoring the marketing strategy’s progress toward
meeting organizational objectives is to use the SMART metric
of measurement. This stands for Specific, Measurable,
Attainable, Relevant, and Time (Ogden & Ogden, 2014). While
the objectives can be for all the areas within marketing, this
metric is most often used to measure whether or not the overall
marketing strategy is performing according to expectations.
In addition to the five competitive strategies, another
component in the Market Opportunity Analysis is to identify a
specific population group most likely to need and buy the
organization’s goods or services, a target market. There are
three components to identifying a target market: the consumer
needs and will purchase your product; the consumer has enough
money to purchase your product, and there are enough
consumers in this targeted market segment to make it profitable
for your organization to sell the product (Ogden & Ogden,
2014).
Methods to communicate with the identified targeted market
segment are achieved through the organizations Integrated
Marketing Communications (IMC) strategy and will be
discussed below.
Consistency with IMC
If the ultimate goal is to positively affect buyer behavior and
increase sales which, in turn, will increase shareholder wealth,
how might an organization set about communicating in such a
manner that will attract and engage its targeted market segment?
One method is to use an Integrated Marketing Communications
(IMC) strategy. The American Association of Advertising
Agencies suggests a single voice with a single message in all
marketing communication channels has the greatest chance of
being heard by the organization’s targeted market segment
15. (Navarro-Bailón, 2012). Repetition on of the single message
will also be effective (Ogden & Ogden, 2014). Although there
are many trends and venues a marketing professional can use
including glocalization and omni-channel marketing, there
remains the need for a consistent, single message to be
communicated to the organization’s targeted market segment in
order to increase brand awareness and positively affect buyer
behavior.
Forbes School of Business Faculty
References:
Navarro-Bailón (2012, July). Strategic consistent messages in
cross-tool campaigns: Effects on brand image and brand
attitude. Journal of Marketing Communications, 18(3), 189-202.
Ogden, J. R., & Ogden, D. T. (2014). Utilizing a strategic
marketing approach to managing marketing communications.
San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc.
Porter, M. E. (1979, July-August). How competitive forces
shape strategy. Harvard Business Review, 1-9.
Renko, N., Sustic, I., & Butigan, R. (2011). Designing
marketing strategy using the five competitive forces model by
Michael E. Porter – Case of a small bakery in Croatia.
International Journal of Management Cases, 13(3), 376-385.
OMM615: Discussions
Marcom is short for a company's marketing communication.
Amazon, the world's largest online retailer realizes one clear
benefit of integrated marketing communication (IMC)is creating
messages that are clear, concise, and integrated.
With advances in technology and social media, the functions
within marketing communications have become more
integratedForbes writer, Judy Begehr, states that “In addition, a
carefully orchestrated, well-planned content marketing program
16. can and should become the central organizing principle that
guides integrated plan development and messaging across
channels”. This is important because Consistent messages build
the customer base and may lead to increased sales and profits
for the organization.
References:
Begehr, J. (2014, February 3). How content will impact the
future of integrated communications. Retrieved from
http://www.forbes.com/sites/gyro/2014/02/03/how-content-will-
impact-the-future-of-integrated-communications/
Ogden, J. R., & Ogden, D. T. (2014). Integrated marketing
communications: Advertising, public relations, and more. San
Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc.
Week Two Discussions
To participate in the following discussions, go to this week's
Discussion link in the left navigation.
1. Buying Process
What are the steps a buyer passes through when making a
buying decision? What other factors might influence a
purchase? Think about something you recently purchased and
discuss each buying decision step and other factors that
influence your decision to buy. Incorporate concepts and
examples from this week’s lecture in your post. Respond to at
least two of your classmates’ posts.
2. Market Opportunity Analysis (MOA)
What is the outcome of conducting a market opportunity
analysis? Examine two components of the MOA and assess how
each contributes to an effective IMC. Incorporate concepts and
examples from this week’s lecture in your post. Respond to at
least two of your classmates’ posts.
Week Three Discussions
To participate in the following discussions, go to this week's
17. Discussion link in the left navigation.
1. Advertising Strategy
Look at the different types of advertising shown in Table 4.2 of
the text. Select one product and determine how each type of
advertising strategy would be used. Incorporate concepts and
examples from this week’s lecture in your post. Respond to at
least two of your classmates’ posts.
2. Ethics in Advertising
Select three advertisements from three different countries using
traditional advertising venues and Internet advertising venues.
Assess how culture and ethics influence understanding the ad
from each country.Incorporate concepts and examples from this
week’s lecture in your post. Respond to at least two of your
classmates’ posts.
Week Four Discussions
To participate in the following discussions, go to this week's
Discussion link in the left navigation.
1. Trade Promotions
What are the biggest advantages of trade promotions and why?
Compare and contrast trade promotions vs. consumer
promotions. Incorporate concepts and examples from this
week’s lecture in your post. Respond to at least two of your
classmates’ posts.
2. Sales Promotion Strategies
What are three sales promotion strategies? Compare and
contrast the three strategies and use one product to illustrate
each strategy. Compare and contrast which strategies would be
appropriate with each of the four major types of selling (trade,
retail, telemarketing, and e-marketing). Incorporate concepts
and examples from this week’s lecture in your post. Respond to
at least two of your classmates’ posts.
18. Week Five Discussions
To participate in the following discussions, go to this week's
Discussion link in the left navigation.
1. Direct Marketing
Define direct marketing. Does direct marketing help with
relationship marketing? How does direct marketing supply an
organization’s integrated marketing communications plan?
Support your position. Incorporate concepts and examples from
this week’s lecture. Respond to at least two of your classmates’
posts.
2. Electronic & Internet Marketing
How do electronic and Internet marketing support the IMC
objectives? List the types of electronic marketing you would use
if you were try to target members of the Baby Boomers, Gen X,
Gen Y, and Gen Z. The approximate dates of the generations are
listed below:
1946-1964 Baby Boomers
1965-1983 Gen X or the Busters
1984-2002 Gen Y or the Millennials
2003 – Current Gen Z or the Digital Generation
(http://askville.amazon.com/cut-birth-dates-generations-baby-
boomers-gen-Gen-
generation/AnswerViewer.do?requestId=9298486)
Incorporate concepts and examples from this week’s lecture.
Respond to at least two of your classmates’ posts.
Week Six Discussions
To participate in the following discussions, go to this week's
19. Discussion link in the left navigation.
1. Public Relations
What is the role of public relations within an organization’s
integrated marketing communications (IMC) plan? Evaluate
how the success of a PR campaign can be measured. Support
your position. Incorporate concepts and examples from this
week’s lecture in your post. Respond to at least two of your
classmates’ posts.
2. Content Marketing
An increasing trend in marketing communications is to use
“content marketing.” Discuss the components of content
marketing and how each component contributes to the integrated
marketing communications (IMC). Support your position.
Incorporate concepts and examples from this week’s lecture in
your post. Respond to at least two of your classmates’ posts.