2. Otitis media
• In most children, the inciting event leading to otitis
media
– Viral upper respiratory infection or allergy
• Leading to mucosal congestion and inflammation of
nose, nasopharynx, and eustachian tube↓
3. Microbiology of Otitis Media
• Most common bacterial isolates of middle ear
aspirates
– Streptococcus pneumoniae
– Haemophilus influenzae
– Moraxella catarrhalis
• Viruses (singly or as coinfectant with bacteria)
– Respiratory syncytial virus
– Rhinoviruses
– Influenza viruses
– Adenoviruses
4. Microbiology of Otitis Externa
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa,
Staphylococcus epidermidis, S. aureus,
Aspergillus and Candida
