2. Causes (Risk Factors )
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Smoking
Diabetes mellitus
Male
Over age of 50 years old
Obesity
Family history of vascular diseases
Hypertension
Dyslipidemia
Levels of various inflammatory mediators such as Creactive protein, fibrinogen, homocysteine ,
hyperviscosity, hypercoagulable state.
3. Classification
Fontaine stages :
• Stage I: Asymptomatic, incomplete blood
vessel obstruction
• Stage II: Mild claudication, pain in limb
• - Stage IIA: Claudication at a distance of greater than 200
metres
- Stage IIB: Claudication distance of less than 200 metres
• Stage III: Rest pain , mostly in feet
• Stage IV: Necrosis or gangrene of the limb
