2. Explain that knowing oneself can make a person accept
his/her strengths and limitations and dealing with
others better.
MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCY (MELC) #1
4. Lesson 1 – Knowing and
Understanding Oneself
During Middle and Late
Adolescence
5. What is the importance of knowing your
strengths, weaknesses, capabilities, and
hobbies?
What is the importance
of knowing your
strengths, weaknesses,
capabilities and
hobbies?
6. Knowing your strengths,
weaknesses, capabilities
and hobbies may help to
guide you in getting to
know more of
yourselves and become
more acceptable on
what you can do, and
what your limitations
are.
7.
8.
9.
10. Just like the monarch
butterfly, the child
continues to grow
physically, cognitively,
and emotionally,
changing from a child
into an adult. The body
grows rapidly in size,
and the sexual and
reproductive organs
become fully functional.
11. At the same time, as
adolescents develop
more advanced patterns
of reasoning and a
stronger sense of self,
they seek to forge their
own identities,
developing important
attachments with
people other than their
parents.
12. Area of
Development
Early Adolescence
(10-13 years)
Mid-Adolescence
(14-17 years)
Physical
Development
• Secondary sexual
characteristics
appear
• Rapid growth
reaches a peak
• Has advanced
secondary sexual
characteristics
• Growth slows
down; reaches
approximately
95% of adult size
13. Area of Development
Early Adolescence
(10-13 years)
Mid-Adolescence
(14-17 years)
Cognitive
Development
• Some early adolescents can’t
think ahead to consequences
of their actions
• Practicing new thinking skills
through humor and by
arguing with parents and
others.
• Use of humor focused on
satire, sarcasm, and sex
(often irritating to adults)
• Major broadening of thinking
abilities for many youths are
better able to think
abstractly, follow a “what if”
line of thought and apply
lessons learned in one
situation to a different
situation.
• Greater perspective-taking
ability can result in increased
empathy and concern for
others, and new interest in
societal issues.
14. Area of Development
Early Adolescence
(10-13 years)
Mid-Adolescence
(14-17 years)
Psychological and
Social
Development
• Changes due to puberty and peer
reactions commonly alter social
relationships.
• Socialization still begins with
perceived commonalities, but
increasingly involve sharing of
values and personal confidences.
• Might develop cliques of 3-6 friends
(usually same gender), providing a
greater sense of security.
• Friendships, romantic crushes are
common, and some dating begin
• Helping each other explore develop
one’s own identity.
• Cross-gender friendships become
more common.
• Close friendships help youth with
the process of developing an
individual identity separate from
that of a child in a family.
15. Physical Changes in Adolescence
Adolescence begins with the onset of
puberty, a developmental period in
which hormonal changes cause rapid
physical alterations in the body,
culminating in sexual maturity. Although
the timing varies to some degree across
cultures, the average age range for
reaching puberty is between 9 and 14
years for girls and between 10 and 17
years for boys.
16. Puberty begins when the pituitary
gland begins to stimulate the production
of the male sex hormone testosterone in
boys and the female sex hormones
estrogen and progesterone in girls. The
release of these sex hormones triggers the
development of the primary sex
characteristics, the sex organs concerned
with reproduction.
Physical Changes in Adolescence
17. These changes include the enlargement of the
testicles and the penis in boys and the development of
the ovaries, uterus, and vagina in girls. In addition,
secondary sex characteristics (features that
distinguish the two sexes from each other but are not
involved in reproduction) are also developing, such as
an enlarged Adam’s apple, a deeper voice, and pubic
and underarm hair in boys, and enlargement of the
breasts and hips and the appearance of pubic and
underarm hair in girls. The enlargement of breasts is
usually the first sign of puberty in girls and, on
average, occurs between ages 10 and 12.
Physical Changes in Adolescence
18. A major milestone in puberty for
girls is menarche, the first menstrual
period, typically experienced at around
12 or 13 years of age (Anderson,
Dannal, & Must, 2003).
Physical Changes in Adolescence
19. As teenagers mature, the prefrontal
cortex, the area of the brain
responsible for reasoning, planning,
and problem solving, also continues to
develop (Goldberg, 2001).
Cognitive Development in Adolescence
20. Adolescents often seem to act impulsively,
rather than thoughtfully, and this may be in part
because the development of the prefrontal cortex
is, in general, slower than the development of the
emotional parts of the brain, including the limbic
system (Blakemore, 2008).
Cognitive Development in Adolescence
21. Furthermore, the hormonal surge that is
associated with puberty, which primarily
influences emotional responses, may create
strong emotions and lead to impulsive behavior.
Teenagers are likely to be highly self-conscious,
often creating an imaginary audience in which
they feel that everyone is constantly watching
them (Goossens, Beyers, Emmen, & van Aken,
2002). It is no wonder that everything a teen’s
parents do suddenly feels embarrassing to them
when they are in public.
Cognitive Development in Adolescence
22. Class Activity 2
Identify if the given statements are Physical, Cognitive, or Psychosocial
development.
___________________1. Growing new brain cells.
___________________2. Establishment of a system of values.
___________________3. Taller, heavier, and stronger.
___________________4. An involuntary increase in sexual feelings and fantasies.
___________________5. Broader understanding of more abstract ideas.
___________________6. Increasing autonomy from family.
___________________7. Greater importance of peer relationships.
___________________8. Hair growing around their genitals, under their arms and
on their legs and arms.
___________________9. Predict the results of their actions by using logic to
imagine multiple options and different situations.
___________________10. Emergence of skills and coping strategies to overcome
problems and crises
23. Answer Key
Identify if the given statements are Physical, Cognitive, or Psychosocial
development.
___________________1. Growing new brain cells.
___________________2. Establishment of a system of values.
___________________3. Taller, heavier, and stronger.
___________________4. Release of sex hormones.
___________________5. Broader understanding of more abstract ideas.
___________________6. Increasing autonomy from family.
___________________7. Greater importance of peer relationships.
___________________8. Hair growing around their genitals, under their arms and
on their legs and arms.
___________________9. Predict the results of their actions by using logic to
imagine multiple options and different situations.
___________________10. Forming of groups composed of both genders.
Cognitive
Psychosocial
Physical
Cognitive
Psychosocial
Psychosocial
Physical
Cognitive
Physical
Psychosocial
