We use the complementation principle. Clearly.pdf
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We use the complementation principle. Clearly the 20 people can be seated in 20! ways without any restrictions. So, we now want to substract the possibility where the youngest(Y) and the oldest(O) are seated less than 3 seats appart. case1 - No seat in between - Now we can treat (OY) or (YO) as just a single person. Hence # such seatings is 19! *2 (for OY or YO ordering). Case 2 - 1 Seat in between. Now we observe that this duo can be seated in 18 ways - ie X^iOXYX^17-i ie some no of people on the left - can range from 0 to 17 no more. So, seat them in 18 ways, permute OY,YO in 2 ways(this will multiply) and then permute the 18 people in 18! ways - 2*18*18! Case 3 - 2 in between, similar analysis gives us that the left guy from O,Y can be seated in 17 ways - X^i O XX Y X^{16-i}. So i ranges from 0 to 16 ie 17 ways. ie 2* 17 * 18! So total possibilities = 20! - 2*18!(19 + 18 + 17) is the answer. The previous answer has ignored more than 3 chairs possibility. Message me if you have any doubts Solution We use the complementation principle. Clearly the 20 people can be seated in 20! ways without any restrictions. So, we now want to substract the possibility where the youngest(Y) and the oldest(O) are seated less than 3 seats appart. case1 - No seat in between - Now we can treat (OY) or (YO) as just a single person. Hence # such seatings is 19! *2 (for OY or YO ordering). Case 2 - 1 Seat in between. Now we observe that this duo can be seated in 18 ways - ie X^iOXYX^17-i ie some no of people on the left - can range from 0 to 17 no more. So, seat them in 18 ways, permute OY,YO in 2 ways(this will multiply) and then permute the 18 people in 18! ways - 2*18*18! Case 3 - 2 in between, similar analysis gives us that the left guy from O,Y can be seated in 17 ways - X^i O XX Y X^{16-i}. So i ranges from 0 to 16 ie 17 ways. ie 2* 17 * 18! So total possibilities = 20! - 2*18!(19 + 18 + 17) is the answer. The previous answer has ignored more than 3 chairs possibility. Message me if you have any doubts.
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ionic compounds when in the form of ions(in solut.pdf
ionic compounds when in the form of ions(in solution or molten state) would be
attracted to positive or negative plates depending on the charge on the ion.Positive ion would be
attracted to negative plate and negative ion would be attracted to positive plate. Whereas
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CH4,CH2Cl2,C2H2Cl2,CO2,O3 being covalent compounds do not produce ions so they would
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charged ion would be attracted to the (oppositely) positively charged plate. H2O although
covalent compound is slightly polar having very small concentration of H+ (in the form of
hydronium ions H3O+)and OH- ions thus these ions will be attracted to both the plates
depending on their nature of charge.
Solution
ionic compounds when in the form of ions(in solution or molten state) would be
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CH4,CH2Cl2,C2H2Cl2,CO2,O3 being covalent compounds do not produce ions so they would
not be attracted to positive or negative plates. (CO3)2- (carbonate ion) being a negatively
charged ion would be attracted to the (oppositely) positively charged plate. H2O although
covalent compound is slightly polar having very small concentration of H+ (in the form of
hydronium ions H3O+)and OH- ions thus these ions will be attracted to both the plates
depending on their nature of charge..
Simply react it with NaoH, if salt is formed then.pdf
Simply react it with NaoH, if salt is formed then it would be HCL, otherwise nitric
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The pH of the solution was measured to be 2.52. A single solution was tested and found to have a pH of 2.52. In summary, the solution had a pH of 2.52.
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O3 as it is a gas and highly reactive at the same time.
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molality = molarity density 0.4=molarity1.3 mo.pdf
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Mandible Known as the lower jaw bone. Also forms .pdf
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We have 1 L of acid at pH = 3
So [H+] = 10^-pH = 10^-3 M
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= mass/ molar mass
= 0.06 g/ 40 g/mol
= 0.0015 moles
Moles of OH- ions left over after neutralization
= 0.0015 moles - 10^-3 moles
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= - log (0.0005)
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We have 1 L of acid at pH = 3
So [H+] = 10^-pH = 10^-3 M
Moles of NaOH added = moles of OH- ion
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= 0.06 g/ 40 g/mol
= 0.0015 moles
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= 0.0015 moles - 10^-3 moles
= 0.0005 moles
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= - log (0.0005)
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We have 1 L of acid at pH = 3So [H+] = 10^-pH = 10^-3 MMoles of .pdf
We have 1 L of acid at pH = 3
So [H+] = 10^-pH = 10^-3 M
Moles of NaOH added = moles of OH- ion
= mass/ molar mass
= 0.06 g/ 40 g/mol
= 0.0015 moles
Moles of OH- ions left over after neutralization
= 0.0015 moles - 10^-3 moles
= 0.0005 moles
[OH-] = 0.0005 moles /1 L = 0.0005 M
pOH
= - log [OH-]
= - log (0.0005)
= 3.3
pH = 14 - pOH
= 14 - 3.3
= 10.7
Solution
We have 1 L of acid at pH = 3
So [H+] = 10^-pH = 10^-3 M
Moles of NaOH added = moles of OH- ion
= mass/ molar mass
= 0.06 g/ 40 g/mol
= 0.0015 moles
Moles of OH- ions left over after neutralization
= 0.0015 moles - 10^-3 moles
= 0.0005 moles
[OH-] = 0.0005 moles /1 L = 0.0005 M
pOH
= - log [OH-]
= - log (0.0005)
= 3.3
pH = 14 - pOH
= 14 - 3.3
= 10.7.
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Limitations of PCR amplification of 16s rRNA is lethal to the organisms.
Solution
Unculturable organisms are those that cannot be grown on current lab conditions. The presence
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Tannins are extensively distributed throughout the plant kingdom. They are commonly found in
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Properties and uses of product
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They are soluble in water forming dark blue or dark green solutions with iron salts and this
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sp. (wattle)Found in tropical and subtropical regions of the world particurly in south-eastern
Australia and AfricaSchinopsis sp.Argentina, Paraguay, and BrazilQuercus spNorth America,
MexicoEucalyptus spAustralia
Solution
Tannins are naturally occurring plant polyphenols and they have the property to bind and
precipitate proteins.
Tannins are extensively distributed throughout the plant kingdom. They are commonly found in
both Gymnosperms and Angiosperms.
Properties and uses of product
Tanning of hides: Collagen present in the aniaml skin can be readily degraded by bacteria and
fungi. Tannins as the propert to bindthe collagen and form crosslinked fibers which are no longer
susceptible to attack
Tannins has styptic and astringent properties and can be used to treat tonsillitis, pharyngitis,
hemorrhoids, and skin eruptions.
They are soluble in water forming dark blue or dark green solutions with iron salts and this
property of tannin is utilized in the manufacture of inks and dyes.PlantCountry of OriginAcacia
sp. (wattle)Found in tropical and subtropical regions of the world particurly in south-eastern
Australia and AfricaSchinopsis sp.Argentina, Paraguay, and BrazilQuercus spNorth America,
MexicoEucalyptus spAustralia.
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During the delivery of the first fetus(Rh+), Rh antigens from the fetus can enter into the
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Solution
Such damage never happens during first pregnancy as there is no transference of blood during
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Option 4 an abstract class can have ordinary methods but an interfac.pdf
Option 4 an abstract class can have ordinary methods but an interface cannot
interface is a class that is fully abstract — it has abstract methods, but no concrete methods
Solution
Option 4 an abstract class can have ordinary methods but an interface cannot
interface is a class that is fully abstract — it has abstract methods, but no concrete methods.
Please follow the data and description Doubly linked list In t.pdf
Please follow the data and description :
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The example that has been provides is the :
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As there are given some lines of code that has to been predicted we follow it as :
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This clearly indicates that the current position of the element is the head element which is the
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So the current node element after the execution of the line is 3.
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So the current node element after the execution of the line is 7.
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list, we get the element as 9.
So the current node element after the execution of the line is 9.
d) current = current.previous; :
Now that the current element is the 9 and the command now says that current position of the
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this is possible in the doubly linked list to move forth and backwards, we get the element as 7.
So the current node element after the execution of the line is 7.
e) current = current.next; :
Now that the current element is the 7 which is the element next to head so that the pointer is in
the node element and the command now says that current position of the element is the next
element to the current element. So by moving to the next element as this is possible in the linked
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So the current node element after the execution of the line is 9.
f) current = current.next; :
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g) current = current.previous; :
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Pictures are not legible. plz post it again.SolutionPictures a.pdf
The document requests clearer pictures as the current ones are illegible. It asks for the pictures to be reposted so they can be seen more clearly.
No. Redox reactions can occur between two nonmetals as wellExampl.pdf
No. Redox reactions can occur between two nonmetals as well:
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2 H2 + O2 => 2 H2O
H2 is oxidized as its oxidation state increases from 0 (in H2) to +1 (in H2O).
O2 is reduced as it oxidation state decreases from 0 (in O2) to -2 (in H2O).
Solution
No. Redox reactions can occur between two nonmetals as well:
Example: H2 and O2 are both nonmetals, but they can undergo a redox reaction to give H2O:
2 H2 + O2 => 2 H2O
H2 is oxidized as its oxidation state increases from 0 (in H2) to +1 (in H2O).
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Moles of Cu atoms = massmolar mass= 2.1563.55 = 0.03383 molNo..pdf
Moles of Cu atoms = mass/molar mass
= 2.15/63.55 = 0.03383 mol
No. of Cu atoms = moles x Avogadro\'s number
= 0.03383 x 6.022 x 1023 = 2.04 x 1022 atoms
Solution
Moles of Cu atoms = mass/molar mass
= 2.15/63.55 = 0.03383 mol
No. of Cu atoms = moles x Avogadro\'s number
= 0.03383 x 6.022 x 1023 = 2.04 x 1022 atoms.
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Solution
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I hope this helps!
Solution
Generally the formula for an acid is a hydrogen atom bonded with either another atom that is an
anion, such as Cl- (chlorine anion) or another molecule that is an anion, such as SO42- (sulfate
anion). What makes an acid an acid is that the hydrogen cation can fall off the molecule, known
as protonation, leaving behind a relatively stable anion. This anion is known as the acid\'s
conjugate base. A strong acid, such as HCl, has a weak conjugate base. A weak acid, such as HF,
would have a strong conjugate base. A strong acid is dictated by how much it protonates in
water, that is, how much the H+ cation dissociates from the anion in water. In HCl\'s case, the
acid protonates almost completely, making it a strong acid. The acidity of an acid is measured by
the well known pH scale. As you go upwards in difficulty of chemistry, molecules with multiple
hydrogens can have different acidities because when different hydrogens leave, they can form a
more or less stable anion behind.
I hope this helps!.
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},
link:function() {
// post-link code here...
}
}
})
Social policies are policies which are designed to address social issues, ranging from poverty to
racism. Many governments have agencies which formulate and administrate social policies, and
governments approach social issues in a variety of ways. Some countries often regarded as a very
progressive model when it comes to social policy, with a number of far-reaching programs which
are designed to promote equality in the European Union. Social policy reform can also take place
outside the government, as seen when community organizations work to support disadvantaged
citizens.
Social policies include: government pensions, welfare for the poor, food stamps, affordable
housing initiatives, health care, unemployment benefits, equal opportunityemployment laws,
antidiscrimination laws, and policy initiatives which are designed to benefit disadvantaged
people in society. For instance, many nations encourage their colleges and universities to accept
students regardless of need, with the goal of giving people at an economic disadvantage the
chance to go to college, improving their opportunities.
Solution
Directives are JavaScript functions that manipulate and add behaviours to HTML DOM
elements. Directives can be very simpli.
AnswerA. DyslexiaThe word dyslexia comes from the Greek languag.pdf
Answer:
A. Dyslexia
The word dyslexia comes from the Greek language and means difficulty with words. Individuals
with dyslexia have trouble with reading and spelling despite having the ability to learn.
Solution
Answer:
A. Dyslexia
The word dyslexia comes from the Greek language and means difficulty with words. Individuals
with dyslexia have trouble with reading and spelling despite having the ability to learn..
Answer Option E IFN-Gamma is th most likely candidate for cytokinin.pdf
Answer: Option E IFN-Gamma is th most likely candidate for cytokinin x
Cellular immunity mediated by T-cells, macrophages, and activity of Type-1 cytokines
(interleukin-12 [IL-12] and interferon [INF] gamma) is necessary for maintaining the quiescence
of chronic T. gondii infection. The production of IL-12 and INF gamma is stimulated by CD154
(also known as CD40 ligand) in human models of T. gondii infection. CD154 acts by triggering
dendritic cells and macrophages to secrete IL-12, which in turn enhances the production of INF
gamma by T-cells.In HIV infection due to immunosuppression opportunistic infection occurs
withT. gondiidue to depletion of CD4 T-cells, impaired production of IL-12 and INF gamma and
impaired cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity. There is decreasedin vitroproduction of IL-12, INF
gamma, and decreased expression of CD154 in response toT. gondii
Solution
Answer: Option E IFN-Gamma is th most likely candidate for cytokinin x
Cellular immunity mediated by T-cells, macrophages, and activity of Type-1 cytokines
(interleukin-12 [IL-12] and interferon [INF] gamma) is necessary for maintaining the quiescence
of chronic T. gondii infection. The production of IL-12 and INF gamma is stimulated by CD154
(also known as CD40 ligand) in human models of T. gondii infection. CD154 acts by triggering
dendritic cells and macrophages to secrete IL-12, which in turn enhances the production of INF
gamma by T-cells.In HIV infection due to immunosuppression opportunistic infection occurs
withT. gondiidue to depletion of CD4 T-cells, impaired production of IL-12 and INF gamma and
impaired cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity. There is decreasedin vitroproduction of IL-12, INF
gamma, and decreased expression of CD154 in response toT. gondii.
a). m = 0 kg (b). Let S representing the amount of sugar (in kg).pdf
a). m = 0 kg
(b). Let S representing the amount of sugar (in kg) at time t (in minutes).
Then dS/dt = (rate of salt going in) (rate of salt going out)
dS/dt = (0.01)(3) - (3/1320)S
dS/dt +(3/1320)S = 0.03
(c) integrating factor : IF = e( (3/1320) dt) = e^((3/1320)t)
Multiply both sides of ODE:
e^((3/1320)t) dS/dt +e^((3/1320)t) (3/1320)S = 0.03e^((3/1320)t)
d/dt(e^((3/1320)t)*S) = 0.03e^((3/1320)t)
iNTEGRATE BOTH SIDES:
e^((3/1320)t)*S = 0.03e^((3/1320)t)*(1320/3) + C
S = 0.03(1320/3) + Ce^(-(3/1320)t)
S(t) = 13.2 + Ce^(-(3/1320)t)
initial condition
S(0) = 0
0 = 13.2 + Ce^(-(3/1320)*0) = 0.00007 + C
C = -13.2
general solution is
S(t) = 13.2 - 13.2e^(-(3/1320)t)
S(t) = 13.2(1 - e^(-(3/1320)t) )
(c). then S(75) = 13.2(1 - e^(-(3/1320)*75) ) = 2.06869 kg
Solution
a). m = 0 kg
(b). Let S representing the amount of sugar (in kg) at time t (in minutes).
Then dS/dt = (rate of salt going in) (rate of salt going out)
dS/dt = (0.01)(3) - (3/1320)S
dS/dt +(3/1320)S = 0.03
(c) integrating factor : IF = e( (3/1320) dt) = e^((3/1320)t)
Multiply both sides of ODE:
e^((3/1320)t) dS/dt +e^((3/1320)t) (3/1320)S = 0.03e^((3/1320)t)
d/dt(e^((3/1320)t)*S) = 0.03e^((3/1320)t)
iNTEGRATE BOTH SIDES:
e^((3/1320)t)*S = 0.03e^((3/1320)t)*(1320/3) + C
S = 0.03(1320/3) + Ce^(-(3/1320)t)
S(t) = 13.2 + Ce^(-(3/1320)t)
initial condition
S(0) = 0
0 = 13.2 + Ce^(-(3/1320)*0) = 0.00007 + C
C = -13.2
general solution is
S(t) = 13.2 - 13.2e^(-(3/1320)t)
S(t) = 13.2(1 - e^(-(3/1320)t) )
(c). then S(75) = 13.2(1 - e^(-(3/1320)*75) ) = 2.06869 kg.
According to Hendersons Equation pOH = pKb + lo.pdf
According to Henderson\'s Equation pOH = pKb + log ([salt] / [base] ) = - log Kb +
log ( [NH4Cl] / [ NH3] ) = - log ( 1.8*10^-5) + log [( 1.5mol/5L) / ( 1.0 mol / 5.oL) ] = 5 - log
1.8 + log 1.5 = 4.92 pH = 14 - pOH = 14 - 4.92 = 9.08
Solution
According to Henderson\'s Equation pOH = pKb + log ([salt] / [base] ) = - log Kb +
log ( [NH4Cl] / [ NH3] ) = - log ( 1.8*10^-5) + log [( 1.5mol/5L) / ( 1.0 mol / 5.oL) ] = 5 - log
1.8 + log 1.5 = 4.92 pH = 14 - pOH = 14 - 4.92 = 9.08.
1.)The Occupational Safety and Health Administration, or OSHA, was.pdf
1.)
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration, or OSHA, was established in 1970 to
encourage employees and employers to decrease workplace hazards. OSHA recommends that
both parties cooperatively establish workplace-specific safety standards. The agency also
establishes training programs for occupational safety and health personnel. Finally, OSHA
oversees research to find new approaches to workplace safety and health issues, according to
Princeton University Environmental Health and Safety Department.
OSHA has had significant effects on workplace safety. Although U.S. employment has almost
doubled, workplace fatalities have gone down by more than 65 percent since OSHA’s inception.
There were about 38 worker deaths a day in 1970 as compared to 13 per day in 2011.
Occupational injury and illness rates have also lowered noticeably. In 1972 the workforce
experienced about 10.9 incidents per 100 workers as compared to fewer than 4 per 100 in 2010.
Compliance with OSHA regulations along with implementing your own well-designed safety
program can save your business money. Accidents and injuries occurring on the job can result in
major medical and legal expenses. Training your employees and having a program in place can
prevent these costly incidents from occurring. Maintaining a safe environment for your workers
rewards you with increased productivity and higher morale as well.
2.)
Industrial safety expert, H.W. Heinrich’s 10 axioms of industrial safety stem from his domino
theory. He said injuries occur due to a series of preventable incidents or factors. An accident
occurs as the last step or last falling domino.
\"Heinrich Revisited: Truisms or Myths\" by Fred A. Manuele, CSP, PE [2002, ISBN 0-87912-
245-5 published by National Safety Council offers the following in the last chapter. \"The intent
of this book is to present a review of the origin of certain of Heinrich\'s premises that became
accepted as truisms, how they evolved and changed over time, and to determine their validity. A
summary of the observations made in this book follows.
1. Files pertaining to Heinrich\'s research do not exist. Thus, there is no material to review as the
quality of research, or the analytical system used to arrive at his premises or their validity.
2. Heinrich\'s studies were made of accidents that occurred in the 1920s. Safety at work and the
workplace itself have changed substantively since then, as evidenced by noteworthy reductions
in accident experience in the past 70 years. Therefore, the current value and applicability of his
conclusions should be questioned and researched.
3. Although psychology has a place in safety management, the emphasis Heinrich gave to it as
being \"a fundamental of great importance in accident causation\" was disproportionate, and that
overemphasis influenced his work considerably.
4. Heinrich\'s 88-10-2 ratios indicate that among the direct and proximate causes, 88 percent are
unsafe acts, 10 percent are unsafe mechanica.
1. three examples of life-critical software applications area) IS.pdf
1. three examples of life-critical software applications are:
a) ISO 26262
b) IEC 62304 (medical)
c) IEC 61513 (nuclear)
2. component from a text-editor GUI and the methods that it encapsulate.
a) Find and replace – Text editors provide extensive facilities for searching and replacing text,
either on groups of files or interactively. Advanced editors can use regular expressions to search
and edit text or code.
b) Cut, copy, and paste – most text editors provide methods to duplicate and move text within the
file, or between files.
c) Ability to handle UTF-8 encoded text.
d) Text formatting – Text editors often provide basic formatting features like line wrap, auto-
indentation, bullet list formatting using ASCII characters, comment formatting, syntax
highlighting and so on.
e) Undo and redo – As with word processors, text editors provide a way to undo and redo the last
edit. Often—especially with older text editors—there is only one level of edit history
remembered and successively issuing the undo command will only \"toggle\" the last change.
Modern or more complex editors usually provide a multiple level history such that issuing the
undo command repeatedly will revert the document to successively older edits. A separate redo
command will cycle the edits \"forward\" toward the most recent changes. The number of
changes remembered depends upon the editor and is often configurable by the user.
f) Data transformation – Reading or merging the contents of another text file into the file
currently being edited. Some text editors provide a way to insert the output of a command issued
to the operating system\'s shell.
g) Filtering – Some advanced text editors allow the editor to send all or sections of the file being
edited to another utility and read the result back into the file in place of the lines being
\"filtered\". This, for example, is useful for sorting a series of lines alphabetically or numerically,
doing mathematical computations, indenting source code, and so on.
h) Syntax highlighting – contextually highlights source code, markup languages, config files and
other text that appears in an organized or predictable format. Editors generally allow users to
customize the colors or styles used for each language element. Some text editors also allow users
to install and use themesto change the look and feel of the editor\'s entire user interface.
i) Extensibility - a text editor intended for use by programmers must provide some plugin
mechanism, or be scriptable, so a programmer can customize the editor with features needed to
manage individual software projects, customize functionality or key bindings for specific
programming languages or version control systems, or conform to specific coding styles.
3. Python programs that uses the following functions:
i. minmax(data), that takes a sequence of one or more numbers, and returns the smallest and
largestnumbers.
ii. takes a positive integer n and returns the sum of the squares of all the positiv.
1) Yes, Turkey was required to adopt certain monetary policies as a .pdf
1) Yes, Turkey was required to adopt certain monetary policies as a condition for IMF aid. These
include:
- Promoting short term foreign capital flows
- High interest rates
- Appreciation of the local currency
2) Yes, the crisis in Turkey affects its entry in European union. Its economic situation will be a
matter of concern for the other EU nations. The main reason for this is that most of Turkey\'s
trade links are within Europe. However, Germany will be a strong support for Turkey.
3) When Turkish Lira did not devaluate as it was expected to, then the currency was pegged to
US Dollar.
4) No, the Turkish crisis did not spread to other countries of that area. Instead it might affect the
other weak economies of the world.
Solution
1) Yes, Turkey was required to adopt certain monetary policies as a condition for IMF aid. These
include:
- Promoting short term foreign capital flows
- High interest rates
- Appreciation of the local currency
2) Yes, the crisis in Turkey affects its entry in European union. Its economic situation will be a
matter of concern for the other EU nations. The main reason for this is that most of Turkey\'s
trade links are within Europe. However, Germany will be a strong support for Turkey.
3) When Turkish Lira did not devaluate as it was expected to, then the currency was pegged to
US Dollar.
4) No, the Turkish crisis did not spread to other countries of that area. Instead it might affect the
other weak economies of the world..
A molecular formula (or chemical formula) is a no.pdf
A molecular formula (or chemical formula) is a notation used by chemists to
describe a molecule. Lewis structures are diagrams that show the bonding between atoms of a
molecule and the lone pairs of electrons that may exist in the molecule. In early organic-
chemistry publications, where use of graphics was strongly limited, a typographic system arose
to describe organic structures in a line of text. Hence condensed formulas The skeletal formula
of an organic compound is a shorthand representation of its molecular structure.
Solution
A molecular formula (or chemical formula) is a notation used by chemists to
describe a molecule. Lewis structures are diagrams that show the bonding between atoms of a
molecule and the lone pairs of electrons that may exist in the molecule. In early organic-
chemistry publications, where use of graphics was strongly limited, a typographic system arose
to describe organic structures in a line of text. Hence condensed formulas The skeletal formula
of an organic compound is a shorthand representation of its molecular structure..
How to Fix [Errno 98] address already in use
This slide will represent the cause of the error “[Errno 98] address already in use” and the troubleshooting steps to resolve this error in Odoo.
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Unculturable organisms are those that cannot be grown on current lab.pdf
Unculturable organisms are those that cannot be grown on current lab conditions. The presence
of them on environmental samples can be identified by isolating them on medium in which they
grow. For example, few bacteria can be isolated when grown on plain seawater rather than
seawater added to nutrients. Likewise rare samples can be identified and isolated. 16s rRNA
gene sequencing technique idemtifies them better. Through simulted environments and
coculturing techniques these uncultured organisms can be isolated
Limitations of PCR amplification of 16s rRNA is lethal to the organisms.
Solution
Unculturable organisms are those that cannot be grown on current lab conditions. The presence
of them on environmental samples can be identified by isolating them on medium in which they
grow. For example, few bacteria can be isolated when grown on plain seawater rather than
seawater added to nutrients. Likewise rare samples can be identified and isolated. 16s rRNA
gene sequencing technique idemtifies them better. Through simulted environments and
coculturing techniques these uncultured organisms can be isolated
Limitations of PCR amplification of 16s rRNA is lethal to the organisms..
Tannins are naturally occurring plant polyphenols and they have the .pdf
Tannins are naturally occurring plant polyphenols and they have the property to bind and
precipitate proteins.
Tannins are extensively distributed throughout the plant kingdom. They are commonly found in
both Gymnosperms and Angiosperms.
Properties and uses of product
Tanning of hides: Collagen present in the aniaml skin can be readily degraded by bacteria and
fungi. Tannins as the propert to bindthe collagen and form crosslinked fibers which are no longer
susceptible to attack
Tannins has styptic and astringent properties and can be used to treat tonsillitis, pharyngitis,
hemorrhoids, and skin eruptions.
They are soluble in water forming dark blue or dark green solutions with iron salts and this
property of tannin is utilized in the manufacture of inks and dyes.PlantCountry of OriginAcacia
sp. (wattle)Found in tropical and subtropical regions of the world particurly in south-eastern
Australia and AfricaSchinopsis sp.Argentina, Paraguay, and BrazilQuercus spNorth America,
MexicoEucalyptus spAustralia
Solution
Tannins are naturally occurring plant polyphenols and they have the property to bind and
precipitate proteins.
Tannins are extensively distributed throughout the plant kingdom. They are commonly found in
both Gymnosperms and Angiosperms.
Properties and uses of product
Tanning of hides: Collagen present in the aniaml skin can be readily degraded by bacteria and
fungi. Tannins as the propert to bindthe collagen and form crosslinked fibers which are no longer
susceptible to attack
Tannins has styptic and astringent properties and can be used to treat tonsillitis, pharyngitis,
hemorrhoids, and skin eruptions.
They are soluble in water forming dark blue or dark green solutions with iron salts and this
property of tannin is utilized in the manufacture of inks and dyes.PlantCountry of OriginAcacia
sp. (wattle)Found in tropical and subtropical regions of the world particurly in south-eastern
Australia and AfricaSchinopsis sp.Argentina, Paraguay, and BrazilQuercus spNorth America,
MexicoEucalyptus spAustralia.
Such damage never happens during first pregnancy as there is no tran.pdf
Such damage never happens during first pregnancy as there is no transference of blood during
the 1st pregnancy.
During the delivery of the first fetus(Rh+), Rh antigens from the fetus can enter into the
mother’s(Rh-) circulation. As a response to this, the mother’s body would produce antibodies.
These antibodies would harm the second child if the child is Rh+. There is no chance for this to
occur in the first pregnancy
Solution
Such damage never happens during first pregnancy as there is no transference of blood during
the 1st pregnancy.
During the delivery of the first fetus(Rh+), Rh antigens from the fetus can enter into the
mother’s(Rh-) circulation. As a response to this, the mother’s body would produce antibodies.
These antibodies would harm the second child if the child is Rh+. There is no chance for this to
occur in the first pregnancy.
Option 4 an abstract class can have ordinary methods but an interfac.pdf
Option 4 an abstract class can have ordinary methods but an interface cannot
interface is a class that is fully abstract — it has abstract methods, but no concrete methods
Solution
Option 4 an abstract class can have ordinary methods but an interface cannot
interface is a class that is fully abstract — it has abstract methods, but no concrete methods.
Please follow the data and description Doubly linked list In t.pdf
Please follow the data and description :
Doubly linked list :
In the filed of computer science, a doubly linked list is a linked data structure that consists of a
set of sequentially linked records called nodes. Each node contains two fields, called links, that
are references to the previous and to the next node in the sequence of nodes.
The example that has been provides is the :
3(head)-----> 7 ----->5-----> 9-----> 1(tail)
Now that we have a node defining the head and the tail of the list. And because they are double
referenced this means we can easily add or remove items from the head and the tail.
As there are given some lines of code that has to been predicted we follow it as :
a) current = head; :
This clearly indicates that the current position of the element is the head element which is the
element 3 in the present case.
So the current node element after the execution of the line is 3.
b) current = current.next; :
Now that the current element is the 3 which is the head so that the pointer is in the head element
and the command now says that current position of the element is the next element to the current
element. So by moving to the next element as this is possible in the linked list, we get the
element as 7.
So the current node element after the execution of the line is 7.
c) current = current.next; :
Now that the current element is the 7 which is the element next to head so that the pointer is in
the node element and the command now says that current position of the element is the next
element to the current element. So by moving to the next element as this is possible in the linked
list, we get the element as 9.
So the current node element after the execution of the line is 9.
d) current = current.previous; :
Now that the current element is the 9 and the command now says that current position of the
element is the previous element to the current element. So by moving to the previous element as
this is possible in the doubly linked list to move forth and backwards, we get the element as 7.
So the current node element after the execution of the line is 7.
e) current = current.next; :
Now that the current element is the 7 which is the element next to head so that the pointer is in
the node element and the command now says that current position of the element is the next
element to the current element. So by moving to the next element as this is possible in the linked
list, we get the element as 9.
So the current node element after the execution of the line is 9.
f) current = current.next; :
Now that the current element is the 9 and the command now says that current position of the
element is the next element to the current element. So by moving to the next element as this is
possible in the linked list, we get the element as 5.
So the current node element after the execution of the line is 5.
g) current = current.previous; :
Now that the current element is the 5 and the command now says that current position of the
element is the p.
Pictures are not legible. plz post it again.SolutionPictures a.pdf
The document requests clearer pictures as the current ones are illegible. It asks for the pictures to be reposted so they can be seen more clearly.
No. Redox reactions can occur between two nonmetals as wellExampl.pdf
No. Redox reactions can occur between two nonmetals as well:
Example: H2 and O2 are both nonmetals, but they can undergo a redox reaction to give H2O:
2 H2 + O2 => 2 H2O
H2 is oxidized as its oxidation state increases from 0 (in H2) to +1 (in H2O).
O2 is reduced as it oxidation state decreases from 0 (in O2) to -2 (in H2O).
Solution
No. Redox reactions can occur between two nonmetals as well:
Example: H2 and O2 are both nonmetals, but they can undergo a redox reaction to give H2O:
2 H2 + O2 => 2 H2O
H2 is oxidized as its oxidation state increases from 0 (in H2) to +1 (in H2O).
O2 is reduced as it oxidation state decreases from 0 (in O2) to -2 (in H2O)..
Moles of Cu atoms = massmolar mass= 2.1563.55 = 0.03383 molNo..pdf
Moles of Cu atoms = mass/molar mass
= 2.15/63.55 = 0.03383 mol
No. of Cu atoms = moles x Avogadro\'s number
= 0.03383 x 6.022 x 1023 = 2.04 x 1022 atoms
Solution
Moles of Cu atoms = mass/molar mass
= 2.15/63.55 = 0.03383 mol
No. of Cu atoms = moles x Avogadro\'s number
= 0.03383 x 6.022 x 1023 = 2.04 x 1022 atoms.
D XeF2 only 2 electrons are shared with F AND .pdf
D XeF2 only 2 electrons are shared with F AND 6 ELECTRONS of xenon are
lone
Solution
D XeF2 only 2 electrons are shared with F AND 6 ELECTRONS of xenon are
lone.
co2Solution co2.pdf
El documento habla brevemente sobre el CO2. Menciona la palabra "solución" pero no proporciona más detalles. En general, el texto es demasiado corto y carece de contexto como para generar un resumen significativo en 3 oraciones o menos.
Generally the formula for an acid is a hydrogen atom bonded with eit.pdf
Generally the formula for an acid is a hydrogen atom bonded with either another atom that is an
anion, such as Cl- (chlorine anion) or another molecule that is an anion, such as SO42- (sulfate
anion). What makes an acid an acid is that the hydrogen cation can fall off the molecule, known
as protonation, leaving behind a relatively stable anion. This anion is known as the acid\'s
conjugate base. A strong acid, such as HCl, has a weak conjugate base. A weak acid, such as HF,
would have a strong conjugate base. A strong acid is dictated by how much it protonates in
water, that is, how much the H+ cation dissociates from the anion in water. In HCl\'s case, the
acid protonates almost completely, making it a strong acid. The acidity of an acid is measured by
the well known pH scale. As you go upwards in difficulty of chemistry, molecules with multiple
hydrogens can have different acidities because when different hydrogens leave, they can form a
more or less stable anion behind.
I hope this helps!
Solution
Generally the formula for an acid is a hydrogen atom bonded with either another atom that is an
anion, such as Cl- (chlorine anion) or another molecule that is an anion, such as SO42- (sulfate
anion). What makes an acid an acid is that the hydrogen cation can fall off the molecule, known
as protonation, leaving behind a relatively stable anion. This anion is known as the acid\'s
conjugate base. A strong acid, such as HCl, has a weak conjugate base. A weak acid, such as HF,
would have a strong conjugate base. A strong acid is dictated by how much it protonates in
water, that is, how much the H+ cation dissociates from the anion in water. In HCl\'s case, the
acid protonates almost completely, making it a strong acid. The acidity of an acid is measured by
the well known pH scale. As you go upwards in difficulty of chemistry, molecules with multiple
hydrogens can have different acidities because when different hydrogens leave, they can form a
more or less stable anion behind.
I hope this helps!.
Directives are JavaScript functions that manipulate and add behaviou.pdf
Directives are JavaScript functions that manipulate and add behaviours to HTML DOM
elements. Directives can be very simplistic or extremely complicated. Therefore, getting a solid
grasp on their many options and functions that manipulate them is critical.
There are many options that can be configured and how those options are related to each other is
important. Each directive undergoes something similar to a life cycle as AngularJS compiles and
links the DOM. The directive lifecycle begins and ends within the AngularJS bootstrapping
process, before the page is rendered. In a directive’s life cycle, there are four distinct functions
that can execute if they are defined. Each enables the developer to control and customize the
directive at different points of the life cycle.
The four functions are: compile, controller, pre-link and post-Link.
The compile function allows the directive to manipulate the DOM before it is compiled and
linked thereby allowing it to add/remove/change directives, as well as, add/remove/change other
DOM elements.
The controller function facilitates directive communication. Sibling and child directives can
request the controller of their siblings and parents to communicate information.
The pre-link function allows for private $scope manipulation before the post-link process begins.
The post-link method is the primary workhorse method of the directive.
In the directive, post-compilation DOM manipulation takes place, event handlers are configured,
and so are watches and other things. In the declaration of the directive, the four functions are
defined like this.
.directive(\"directiveName\",function() {
return{
controller:function() {
// controller code here...
},
link:function() {
// post-link code here...
}
}
})
Social policies are policies which are designed to address social issues, ranging from poverty to
racism. Many governments have agencies which formulate and administrate social policies, and
governments approach social issues in a variety of ways. Some countries often regarded as a very
progressive model when it comes to social policy, with a number of far-reaching programs which
are designed to promote equality in the European Union. Social policy reform can also take place
outside the government, as seen when community organizations work to support disadvantaged
citizens.
Social policies include: government pensions, welfare for the poor, food stamps, affordable
housing initiatives, health care, unemployment benefits, equal opportunityemployment laws,
antidiscrimination laws, and policy initiatives which are designed to benefit disadvantaged
people in society. For instance, many nations encourage their colleges and universities to accept
students regardless of need, with the goal of giving people at an economic disadvantage the
chance to go to college, improving their opportunities.
Solution
Directives are JavaScript functions that manipulate and add behaviours to HTML DOM
elements. Directives can be very simpli.
AnswerA. DyslexiaThe word dyslexia comes from the Greek languag.pdf
Answer:
A. Dyslexia
The word dyslexia comes from the Greek language and means difficulty with words. Individuals
with dyslexia have trouble with reading and spelling despite having the ability to learn.
Solution
Answer:
A. Dyslexia
The word dyslexia comes from the Greek language and means difficulty with words. Individuals
with dyslexia have trouble with reading and spelling despite having the ability to learn..
Answer Option E IFN-Gamma is th most likely candidate for cytokinin.pdf
Answer: Option E IFN-Gamma is th most likely candidate for cytokinin x
Cellular immunity mediated by T-cells, macrophages, and activity of Type-1 cytokines
(interleukin-12 [IL-12] and interferon [INF] gamma) is necessary for maintaining the quiescence
of chronic T. gondii infection. The production of IL-12 and INF gamma is stimulated by CD154
(also known as CD40 ligand) in human models of T. gondii infection. CD154 acts by triggering
dendritic cells and macrophages to secrete IL-12, which in turn enhances the production of INF
gamma by T-cells.In HIV infection due to immunosuppression opportunistic infection occurs
withT. gondiidue to depletion of CD4 T-cells, impaired production of IL-12 and INF gamma and
impaired cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity. There is decreasedin vitroproduction of IL-12, INF
gamma, and decreased expression of CD154 in response toT. gondii
Solution
Answer: Option E IFN-Gamma is th most likely candidate for cytokinin x
Cellular immunity mediated by T-cells, macrophages, and activity of Type-1 cytokines
(interleukin-12 [IL-12] and interferon [INF] gamma) is necessary for maintaining the quiescence
of chronic T. gondii infection. The production of IL-12 and INF gamma is stimulated by CD154
(also known as CD40 ligand) in human models of T. gondii infection. CD154 acts by triggering
dendritic cells and macrophages to secrete IL-12, which in turn enhances the production of INF
gamma by T-cells.In HIV infection due to immunosuppression opportunistic infection occurs
withT. gondiidue to depletion of CD4 T-cells, impaired production of IL-12 and INF gamma and
impaired cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity. There is decreasedin vitroproduction of IL-12, INF
gamma, and decreased expression of CD154 in response toT. gondii.
a). m = 0 kg (b). Let S representing the amount of sugar (in kg).pdf
a). m = 0 kg
(b). Let S representing the amount of sugar (in kg) at time t (in minutes).
Then dS/dt = (rate of salt going in) (rate of salt going out)
dS/dt = (0.01)(3) - (3/1320)S
dS/dt +(3/1320)S = 0.03
(c) integrating factor : IF = e( (3/1320) dt) = e^((3/1320)t)
Multiply both sides of ODE:
e^((3/1320)t) dS/dt +e^((3/1320)t) (3/1320)S = 0.03e^((3/1320)t)
d/dt(e^((3/1320)t)*S) = 0.03e^((3/1320)t)
iNTEGRATE BOTH SIDES:
e^((3/1320)t)*S = 0.03e^((3/1320)t)*(1320/3) + C
S = 0.03(1320/3) + Ce^(-(3/1320)t)
S(t) = 13.2 + Ce^(-(3/1320)t)
initial condition
S(0) = 0
0 = 13.2 + Ce^(-(3/1320)*0) = 0.00007 + C
C = -13.2
general solution is
S(t) = 13.2 - 13.2e^(-(3/1320)t)
S(t) = 13.2(1 - e^(-(3/1320)t) )
(c). then S(75) = 13.2(1 - e^(-(3/1320)*75) ) = 2.06869 kg
Solution
a). m = 0 kg
(b). Let S representing the amount of sugar (in kg) at time t (in minutes).
Then dS/dt = (rate of salt going in) (rate of salt going out)
dS/dt = (0.01)(3) - (3/1320)S
dS/dt +(3/1320)S = 0.03
(c) integrating factor : IF = e( (3/1320) dt) = e^((3/1320)t)
Multiply both sides of ODE:
e^((3/1320)t) dS/dt +e^((3/1320)t) (3/1320)S = 0.03e^((3/1320)t)
d/dt(e^((3/1320)t)*S) = 0.03e^((3/1320)t)
iNTEGRATE BOTH SIDES:
e^((3/1320)t)*S = 0.03e^((3/1320)t)*(1320/3) + C
S = 0.03(1320/3) + Ce^(-(3/1320)t)
S(t) = 13.2 + Ce^(-(3/1320)t)
initial condition
S(0) = 0
0 = 13.2 + Ce^(-(3/1320)*0) = 0.00007 + C
C = -13.2
general solution is
S(t) = 13.2 - 13.2e^(-(3/1320)t)
S(t) = 13.2(1 - e^(-(3/1320)t) )
(c). then S(75) = 13.2(1 - e^(-(3/1320)*75) ) = 2.06869 kg.
According to Hendersons Equation pOH = pKb + lo.pdf
According to Henderson\'s Equation pOH = pKb + log ([salt] / [base] ) = - log Kb +
log ( [NH4Cl] / [ NH3] ) = - log ( 1.8*10^-5) + log [( 1.5mol/5L) / ( 1.0 mol / 5.oL) ] = 5 - log
1.8 + log 1.5 = 4.92 pH = 14 - pOH = 14 - 4.92 = 9.08
Solution
According to Henderson\'s Equation pOH = pKb + log ([salt] / [base] ) = - log Kb +
log ( [NH4Cl] / [ NH3] ) = - log ( 1.8*10^-5) + log [( 1.5mol/5L) / ( 1.0 mol / 5.oL) ] = 5 - log
1.8 + log 1.5 = 4.92 pH = 14 - pOH = 14 - 4.92 = 9.08.
1.)The Occupational Safety and Health Administration, or OSHA, was.pdf
1.)
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration, or OSHA, was established in 1970 to
encourage employees and employers to decrease workplace hazards. OSHA recommends that
both parties cooperatively establish workplace-specific safety standards. The agency also
establishes training programs for occupational safety and health personnel. Finally, OSHA
oversees research to find new approaches to workplace safety and health issues, according to
Princeton University Environmental Health and Safety Department.
OSHA has had significant effects on workplace safety. Although U.S. employment has almost
doubled, workplace fatalities have gone down by more than 65 percent since OSHA’s inception.
There were about 38 worker deaths a day in 1970 as compared to 13 per day in 2011.
Occupational injury and illness rates have also lowered noticeably. In 1972 the workforce
experienced about 10.9 incidents per 100 workers as compared to fewer than 4 per 100 in 2010.
Compliance with OSHA regulations along with implementing your own well-designed safety
program can save your business money. Accidents and injuries occurring on the job can result in
major medical and legal expenses. Training your employees and having a program in place can
prevent these costly incidents from occurring. Maintaining a safe environment for your workers
rewards you with increased productivity and higher morale as well.
2.)
Industrial safety expert, H.W. Heinrich’s 10 axioms of industrial safety stem from his domino
theory. He said injuries occur due to a series of preventable incidents or factors. An accident
occurs as the last step or last falling domino.
\"Heinrich Revisited: Truisms or Myths\" by Fred A. Manuele, CSP, PE [2002, ISBN 0-87912-
245-5 published by National Safety Council offers the following in the last chapter. \"The intent
of this book is to present a review of the origin of certain of Heinrich\'s premises that became
accepted as truisms, how they evolved and changed over time, and to determine their validity. A
summary of the observations made in this book follows.
1. Files pertaining to Heinrich\'s research do not exist. Thus, there is no material to review as the
quality of research, or the analytical system used to arrive at his premises or their validity.
2. Heinrich\'s studies were made of accidents that occurred in the 1920s. Safety at work and the
workplace itself have changed substantively since then, as evidenced by noteworthy reductions
in accident experience in the past 70 years. Therefore, the current value and applicability of his
conclusions should be questioned and researched.
3. Although psychology has a place in safety management, the emphasis Heinrich gave to it as
being \"a fundamental of great importance in accident causation\" was disproportionate, and that
overemphasis influenced his work considerably.
4. Heinrich\'s 88-10-2 ratios indicate that among the direct and proximate causes, 88 percent are
unsafe acts, 10 percent are unsafe mechanica.
1. three examples of life-critical software applications area) IS.pdf
1. three examples of life-critical software applications are:
a) ISO 26262
b) IEC 62304 (medical)
c) IEC 61513 (nuclear)
2. component from a text-editor GUI and the methods that it encapsulate.
a) Find and replace – Text editors provide extensive facilities for searching and replacing text,
either on groups of files or interactively. Advanced editors can use regular expressions to search
and edit text or code.
b) Cut, copy, and paste – most text editors provide methods to duplicate and move text within the
file, or between files.
c) Ability to handle UTF-8 encoded text.
d) Text formatting – Text editors often provide basic formatting features like line wrap, auto-
indentation, bullet list formatting using ASCII characters, comment formatting, syntax
highlighting and so on.
e) Undo and redo – As with word processors, text editors provide a way to undo and redo the last
edit. Often—especially with older text editors—there is only one level of edit history
remembered and successively issuing the undo command will only \"toggle\" the last change.
Modern or more complex editors usually provide a multiple level history such that issuing the
undo command repeatedly will revert the document to successively older edits. A separate redo
command will cycle the edits \"forward\" toward the most recent changes. The number of
changes remembered depends upon the editor and is often configurable by the user.
f) Data transformation – Reading or merging the contents of another text file into the file
currently being edited. Some text editors provide a way to insert the output of a command issued
to the operating system\'s shell.
g) Filtering – Some advanced text editors allow the editor to send all or sections of the file being
edited to another utility and read the result back into the file in place of the lines being
\"filtered\". This, for example, is useful for sorting a series of lines alphabetically or numerically,
doing mathematical computations, indenting source code, and so on.
h) Syntax highlighting – contextually highlights source code, markup languages, config files and
other text that appears in an organized or predictable format. Editors generally allow users to
customize the colors or styles used for each language element. Some text editors also allow users
to install and use themesto change the look and feel of the editor\'s entire user interface.
i) Extensibility - a text editor intended for use by programmers must provide some plugin
mechanism, or be scriptable, so a programmer can customize the editor with features needed to
manage individual software projects, customize functionality or key bindings for specific
programming languages or version control systems, or conform to specific coding styles.
3. Python programs that uses the following functions:
i. minmax(data), that takes a sequence of one or more numbers, and returns the smallest and
largestnumbers.
ii. takes a positive integer n and returns the sum of the squares of all the positiv.
1) Yes, Turkey was required to adopt certain monetary policies as a .pdf
1) Yes, Turkey was required to adopt certain monetary policies as a condition for IMF aid. These
include:
- Promoting short term foreign capital flows
- High interest rates
- Appreciation of the local currency
2) Yes, the crisis in Turkey affects its entry in European union. Its economic situation will be a
matter of concern for the other EU nations. The main reason for this is that most of Turkey\'s
trade links are within Europe. However, Germany will be a strong support for Turkey.
3) When Turkish Lira did not devaluate as it was expected to, then the currency was pegged to
US Dollar.
4) No, the Turkish crisis did not spread to other countries of that area. Instead it might affect the
other weak economies of the world.
Solution
1) Yes, Turkey was required to adopt certain monetary policies as a condition for IMF aid. These
include:
- Promoting short term foreign capital flows
- High interest rates
- Appreciation of the local currency
2) Yes, the crisis in Turkey affects its entry in European union. Its economic situation will be a
matter of concern for the other EU nations. The main reason for this is that most of Turkey\'s
trade links are within Europe. However, Germany will be a strong support for Turkey.
3) When Turkish Lira did not devaluate as it was expected to, then the currency was pegged to
US Dollar.
4) No, the Turkish crisis did not spread to other countries of that area. Instead it might affect the
other weak economies of the world..
A molecular formula (or chemical formula) is a no.pdf
A molecular formula (or chemical formula) is a notation used by chemists to
describe a molecule. Lewis structures are diagrams that show the bonding between atoms of a
molecule and the lone pairs of electrons that may exist in the molecule. In early organic-
chemistry publications, where use of graphics was strongly limited, a typographic system arose
to describe organic structures in a line of text. Hence condensed formulas The skeletal formula
of an organic compound is a shorthand representation of its molecular structure.
Solution
A molecular formula (or chemical formula) is a notation used by chemists to
describe a molecule. Lewis structures are diagrams that show the bonding between atoms of a
molecule and the lone pairs of electrons that may exist in the molecule. In early organic-
chemistry publications, where use of graphics was strongly limited, a typographic system arose
to describe organic structures in a line of text. Hence condensed formulas The skeletal formula
of an organic compound is a shorthand representation of its molecular structure..
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We use the complementation principle. Clearly.pdf
- 1. We use the complementation principle. Clearly the 20 people can be seated in 20! ways without any restrictions. So, we now want to substract the possibility where the youngest(Y) and the oldest(O) are seated less than 3 seats appart. case1 - No seat in between - Now we can treat (OY) or (YO) as just a single person. Hence # such seatings is 19! *2 (for OY or YO ordering). Case 2 - 1 Seat in between. Now we observe that this duo can be seated in 18 ways - ie X^iOXYX^17-i ie some no of people on the left - can range from 0 to 17 no more. So, seat them in 18 ways, permute OY,YO in 2 ways(this will multiply) and then permute the 18 people in 18! ways - 2*18*18! Case 3 - 2 in between, similar analysis gives us that the left guy from O,Y can be seated in 17 ways - X^i O XX Y X^{16-i}. So i ranges from 0 to 16 ie 17 ways. ie 2* 17 * 18! So total possibilities = 20! - 2*18!(19 + 18 + 17) is the answer. The previous answer has ignored more than 3 chairs possibility. Message me if you have any doubts Solution We use the complementation principle. Clearly the 20 people can be seated in 20! ways without any restrictions. So, we now want to substract the possibility where the youngest(Y) and the oldest(O) are seated less than 3 seats appart. case1 - No seat in between - Now we can treat (OY) or (YO) as just a single person. Hence # such seatings is 19! *2 (for OY or YO ordering). Case 2 - 1 Seat in between. Now we observe that this duo can be seated in 18 ways - ie X^iOXYX^17-i ie some no of people on the left - can range from 0 to 17 no more. So, seat them in 18 ways, permute OY,YO in 2 ways(this will multiply) and then permute the 18 people in 18! ways - 2*18*18! Case 3 - 2 in between, similar analysis gives us that the left guy from O,Y can be seated in 17 ways - X^i O XX Y X^{16-i}. So i ranges from 0 to 16 ie 17 ways. ie 2* 17 * 18! So total possibilities = 20! - 2*18!(19 + 18 + 17) is the answer. The previous answer has ignored more than 3 chairs possibility. Message me if you have any doubts