This document summarizes water resources in India. It discusses the various sources of water including rivers, groundwater, rainwater, glaciers, and lakes. It provides details on how each of these sources are used, particularly for irrigation which accounts for 70% of freshwater withdrawals. The document also discusses the role of water in ecosystems through processes like evaporation, transpiration, condensation, and the water cycle of precipitation, deposition, infiltration and surface/groundwater flow.

1. W A T E R R E S O U R C E S
I N I N D I A
Name – Aditya
Univers ity roll no. - 225041002
Cour s e – M.S c. A gronomy (2nd
S em)
S ubmitted to – Dr. Kara n Verma

2. I N T RO D U C T I O N
• 3/4 of the Earth's surface is covered with water
• It is one of the most important natural resources
• all living things depend on water
• it is also used in household purposes and crop management
• Around 70% of freshwater withdrawals go into agriculture
• the uses within the sector are very diverse and include
mainly irrigation pesticide and fertilizer application and
sustaining livestock.

3. S O U RC E S O F
WAT E R
1. River.
2. Groundwa ter.
3. Ra inwa ter.
4. Glaciers .
5. Lakes .

4. RI V E R
Canals are small channels through which water from rivers or dams are
diverted to the fields.
They are dug to take water to where there is water shortage.
Irrigation: Irrigation is the main use of rivers, water flow to rivers
keeping many agricultural lands not to dry.
Drinking: Main use of river water is for drinking purposes and most of
the countries use river water for drinking.
Hydroelectricity: Hydroelectricity is another main use of rivers in which
electricity is generated and supplied to industries and homes.

5. G RO U N D WA T E R
57 billion gallons per day.
Groundwater use in irrigation was estimated to be 57 billion ga llons per day, or about 67%. Irrigation
is the largest consumer of groundwater.
Roughly 60 percent of global groundwater use is for irrigation; most of the rest is used in households and
industry.
Groundwater provides drinking water entirely or in part for as much as 50% of the global population and
accounts for 43% of all of water used for irrigation (UNWWAP, 2015). Worldwide, 2.5 billion people
depend solely on groundwater resources to satisfy their basic daily water needs (UNWWAP, 2015).

6. R A I N W AT E R
Harves ted ra inwa ter is the perfect candidate for irrigation use in addition to
so many other water uses. By using rainwater harvesting systems to supply
water for some, or all of our water needs, you can reduce our dependence on
municipally treated water.
Ra inwa ter ha rves ting (RWH) is the collection and storage of rain, rather
than allowing it to run off. Rainwater is collected from a roof-like surface and
redirected to a tank, cistern, deep pit (well, shaft, or borehole), aquifer, or a
reservoir with percolation, so that it seeps down and restores the ground water.
Rainwater harvesting is one of the simplest and oldest methods of self-supply of
water for households, having been used in South Asia and other countries for
many thousands of years.

7. L A K E S
Lakes provide a place for water to collect and be stored. With their depths,
water can run into a lake and stay for a period of time. Water from rivers and
streams flow into lakes. Farmers make use of lake water to irrigate their
crops .
A lake is a body of water that is s urrounded by land. There are millions
of lakes in the world. They are found on every continent and in every kind of
environmentin mountains and deserts, on plains, and near seashores.
As mentioned earlier, lakes are a hotbed for organisms and many food chains
exist on lakes. Humans can make use of these lakes to gather not only crops but
great sources of nutrition.

8. G L A C I E RS
Provide drinking water. Approximately 75% of all of the world’s fresh water is
locked up in glacier ice.
Irrigate crops. Throughout history, countries have used melting glaciers to water
their crops and power their agriculture.
Generate power. It’s possible to use the meltwater from glaciers to power
hydroelectric dams, providing electricity for the area.
where in the pre-monsoon season up to 60% of the total irrigation withdrawals
originate from mountain snow and glacier melt, and that it contributes an
additional 11% to total crop production.

9. RO L E O F WA T E R I N T H E E C O S YS T E M
• Water links a nd ma inta ins all ec os ys tems on the pla net. The ma in func tion of wa ter is to
propel pla nt growth; provide a perma nent dwelling for s pecies tha t live within it, or provide a
tempora ry home or breeding ground for multiple amphibia ns , ins ec ts a nd other wa ter-
birthed orga nis ms ; and to provide the nutrients and minera ls nec es s a ry to s us ta in phys ica l
life. As na ture's mos t importa nt nutrient, people need wa ter to s urvive.
• Eva pora tion ha ppens when liquid wa ter cha ng es to a ga s eous s ta te as va por
• Tra ns pira tion repres ents eva pora tion of wa ter from pla nt a nd tree roots into the atmos phere
• S ublima tion des c ribes how s now and ice cha ng e to wa ter va por without bec oming liquid
• Condens a tion ha ppens when wa ter va por becomes wa ter droplets via cloud forma tion
• Tra ns porta tion defines how wa ter moves throug h the atmos phere in its s olid, liquid or
ga s eous form
• Prec ipita tion is the wa ter tha t fa lls to the pla net a s ice, ra in, s now, s leet, drizzle or ha il
• Depos ition is how wa ter va por cha ng es to a s olid s ta te without bec oming liquid, like fros t
• Infiltra tion defines how wa ter s eeps into the ground and then percola tes into the wa ter ta ble
• S urfa c e flow des c ribes how rivers , la kes and s trea m flow to the oc ea n along with
underg round a quifers
• Pla nt upta ke expla ins tha t pla nts only us e 1 perc ent of the wa ter pulled in by their roots ,

10. T H A N K YO U