The document outlines the benefits of using native plants in gardens, emphasizing their ability to conserve water, improve water and air quality, and provide wildlife habitat. It discusses techniques for water retention and conservation in gardens, including the use of rain gardens, bioswales, and compost, as well as best practices for watering and organic matter management. Additionally, it highlights the importance of garden design to incorporate low-water-use plants and effective moisture retention strategies.

1. Water Conservation and use of Native Plants in the Garden Space
Picture from Pinterest – Explore Texas Landscaping Ideas

2. Definition of Native Plant:
Indigenous or native plant – evolved and
occurs naturally, with no human intervention, in
a particular region or environment
(NLCP, NPSOT)
What are Native Plants and what are the Main Benefits of using them in
the Garden and Landscaping?
Red Salvia – Texas Native

3. Native Plants:
• Save Water
• Improve Water Quality
• Provide Wildlife Habitat
• Improve Air Quality
• Reduce Maintenance
(NLCP, NPSOT)

4. Native Plants Save Water
• Once Established Native Plants Survive
on local rainfall amounts
• Native Plants Save Water due to
establishing large and long root systems
• Native Plants improve water quality by
filtering out impurities, recharge
groundwater aquifers, slow the rate of
runoff
(NLCP, NPSOT)

5. Techniques to Retain Water in the Gardenscape
Detaining and treating stormwater/rainwater on site instead of treating as a wastewater product saves water
for future use (NLCP, NPSOT)
• Rain Gardens – shallow vegetated depressions that hold water a short time
• Bioswales – vegetated channels that collect, convey and filter stormwater
• Wetlands & Ponds – larger and hold more water and are also vegetated
• Harvesting Rainwater
Pic from HarvestH2O.com

6. Native Plants Provide Wildlife Habitat
Monarch Butterfly is the best example:
• Only lay eggs on milkweed
• Larvae once hatched only eat milkweed
• Milkweed toxins provide protection for
both larvae and adults from predators
Wildlife Diversity is important for a healthy
ecosystem
Providing for wildlife habitat brings good insects
for the garden which bring birds and other
wildlife that would not exist otherwise. Many of
these insects eat the pesky harmful insects in
your garden like aphids and caterpillars. Healthy
ecosystems allow us to survive, get enough food
to eat and make a living.

7. Native Plants Improve Air Quality
• During photosynthesis: plants take
in carbon dioxide (CO2) from air and
water from the soil to make food
• The CO2 is converted to carbon and
oxygen is released back into air
• The carbon is stored (sequestered) in
plant tissue as sugar
• Air quality is improved by the
removal of CO2 – a greenhouse gas
(NLCP, NPSOT)

8. Native plants reduce temperatures via
shading and transpiration which
affects air quality. (NLCP, NPSOT) Urban temperatures
can be higher than
surrounding rural areas
by 5 or more degrees,
creating a heat island
(NLCP, NPSOT)
Native plants reduce
harmful emissions.
Gas powered lawn
equipment produce
harmful air emission =
Reducing turf areas
decreases the use of lawn
equipment
(NLCP, NPSOT)

9. Native Plants Reduce Maintenance
• Little or no irrigation once established
• Less mowing
• Little or no fertilization or pesticides
• Less waste – leaves and clippings may be reused
(NLCP, NPSOT)

11. Water Conservation in the Garden
Best watering time - early morning before the temperatures begin to rise, winds are
lower and there is less evaporation. Morning watering gives the plants a good supply of
water to face the heat of the day.
Worst watering time - Avoid evening watering especially on the leaves as night-time
temperatures are often inadequate to dry the moisture on the leaves. This can encourage
some fungal pathogens to grow.
However, any time plants start to show symptoms of drought stress is the time to water
them – even if this means the middle of the day.
Install a tank - collect water from your roof to use in your garden. All sizes of tanks are
available.
Save your Cooking Water - If you steam or boil vegetables, save the water rather than
pouring it down the drain. Great free fertilizer for the plants
Reuse Fish Tank Water - When you clean your fish tank, use the used fish water full of
nitrogen and phosphorous-rich water on your plants.
Collect Shower Water - Put a couple of buckets in the bottom of your shower, while the
water is heating up as it’s running to collect that water for reuse on your garden.
Use a Compost System - compost holds moisture in your soil and helps retain nutrients
where they’re needed

12. Mulch is one of the best water loss prevention strategies for the garden. It prevents
evaporation from the soil surface, helps suppress water-thirsty weeds from growing
and many mulches can add vital nutrients to the soil at the same time. Avoid fine
mulches that tend to clump and become water-repellent. Instead, use a coarser
mulch which allows water/rain to move down through to the soil. A depth of 8-10cm
in a garden bed is ideal. Apply mulch onto moist soil and water in well. Watch
ingredients in the mulch and avoid chemically treated mulch if possible.
Water Conservation in the Garden (continued)
Check the weather and soil moisture on a regular basis. Turning off the sprinklers when
rain is occurring or in the forecast helps reduce water usage. Using a soil moisture meter
helps you keep the correct amount of moisture that the garden needs in mere seconds.
• 10-30% = soil is too DRY need to water
• 40-70% = soil is MOIST/wet enough no need to water yet
• 80-100% = soil is too WET do NOT water
Use organic matter in the garden. Organic matter absorbs many times its own weight in water, which is then available for
plant growth. It provides many benefits. Clay soils with added organic matter will accept water more quickly and organically
amended sandy soils hold water longer, and don’t need to be watered as frequently. One of the easiest ways to build organic
matter is to add compost that breaks down to humus. This has an amazing potential to hold moisture, nutrients and build
soil health. Compost has a buffering effect against drought and plant stresses too. You can also add organic matter with
worm castings; vegetable scraps; mulches like nutrient-rich lucerne (also known as alfalfa) and pea straw; lawn clippings and
leaves.

13. Water Conservation in the Garden (continued)
Plan the garden design and plants to be used:
• Use water-loving plants that absorb moisture in boggy areas.
• Use diversion techniques and swales to allow water to absorb into the ground slowly.
• Build mounds around trees and shrubs to reduce runoff and allow moisture to soak slowly into the soil around
the canopy drip line and roots.
• Good design also applies to pruning techniques. Remove unnecessary lower branches/leaves from trees. Fewer
leaves = less moisture loss lowering the tree’s water requirements.
Species with low water needs will save you time and money in the garden. These include:
• established or slow growing plants
• small plants
• varieties with small or narrow leaves
• grey or silver foliage
• leathery, hairy, curled or fuzzy leaves that typically require less moisture.
• Newly planted vegetation will require more water until established.
• Needy high fertilizer plants require more water
• Large leafed plants lose water faster than slender leave varieties.
• Drought tolerant does not always equal low water use. Some varieties use a lot of water when it’s accessible.
Most grasses are an example of this.

14. RDHS.LLC@gmail.com
Aggie Owned & Operated ~ Class of ‘90
Several slides contained info learned from the following:
NLCP, Native Landscape Certification Program;
NPSOT, Native Plant Society of Texas.