VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF PRECAST CONCRETE CLADDING WALLS FOR POLICE STATIONS
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Presentation made at: The 15th International Symposium on Interaction of the Effects of Munitions with Structures (ISIEMS), September 2013, 17 - 20 at the Conference Hotel in Potsdam, Germany. The symposium builds on previous meetings held in the United States of America (organized by DTRA) and Germany (organized by Armed Forces Office). ISIEMS will address all aspects of the response of civil engineering structures and materials to explosive loading. Scientists, engineers, and others interested in the symposium’s technical areas are invited to participate and contribute. All sessions will be unclassified, but some may be restricted to citizens of NATO member nations only.
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VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF PRECAST CONCRETE CLADDING WALLS FOR POLICE STATIONS
- 1. Critical Infrastructures – 6C Chair: Dörr / Gündisch VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF PRECAST CONCRETE CLADDING WALLS FOR POLICE STATIONS Sapienza University of Rome Giannicola Giovino1, Pierluigi Olmati2, Franco Bontempi3 1 Ph.D. Student, P.E., Capt. of Carabinieri Corps, Email: giannicola.giovino@uniroma1.it 2 Ph.D. Candidate, P.E., Email: pierluigi.olmati@uniroma1.it 3 Full Professor, Ph.D., P.E., Email: franco.bontempi@uniroma1.it Giovino G, Olmati P, Bontempi F Sapienza University of Rome - September 18, 2013 - giannicola.giovino@uniroma1.it www.francobontempi.org
- 2. Presentation outline 2 1 Introduction 2 Test matrix 3 Experimental results 4 Numerical investigation 5 Conclusions Giovino G, Olmati P, Bontempi F Sapienza University of Rome - September 18, 2013 - giannicola.giovino@uniroma1.it www.francobontempi.org
- 3. Introduction 3 1 This study presents both experimental and numerical investigations on the assessment of precast concrete wall panels, for using as exterior cladding system, subjected to explosive detonations 2 improving the performances of the Italian police stations against external explosions. 3 4 5 collect data in order to verify and validate both analytical and numerical model The aim of study check with the experimental evidence the necessity of properly design the cladding system of the Italian police stations. Giovino G, Olmati P, Bontempi F Sapienza University of Rome - September 18, 2013 - giannicola.giovino@uniroma1.it 3 www.francobontempi.org
- 4. Introduction 4 1 2 The Italian police stations have a widespread distribution on the national territory obviously an advantage for the community 3 they do not have a structure with adequate performance against manmade attacks 4 5 But often, these police stations are no other than common civil buildings adapted for police use Is not economical sustainable to retrofit these buildings for police use, but it is necessary to design and build new police stations providing the adequate resistance performance against man-made attack Giovino G, Olmati P, Bontempi F Sapienza University of Rome - September 18, 2013 - giannicola.giovino@uniroma1.it 4 www.francobontempi.org
- 5. Presentation outline 5 1 Introduction 2 Test matrix 3 Experimental results 4 Numerical investigation 5 Conclusions Giovino G, Olmati P, Bontempi F Sapienza University of Rome - September 18, 2013 - giannicola.giovino@uniroma1.it www.francobontempi.org
- 6. Experimental results 6 1 2 Domusnovas (CI) 3 Via Industriale 8/d Ghedi (BS) Tel: +39 030 9043 1 4 www.rwm-italia.com 5 The experimental test took place the July 22 and 23, 2013 at the facility of the R.W.M. ITALIA s.p.a. at Domusnovas (Sardinia – Italy). Giovino G, Olmati P, Bontempi F Sapienza University of Rome - September 18, 2013 - giannicola.giovino@uniroma1.it www.francobontempi.org
- 7. Test matrix 7 Three specimens are tested, and each is subjected to a single detonation 1 Specimen A 2 Designed with a minimum amount of required reinforcement (0.15 %) 3 Specimens B and C 4 5 Designed to achieve a specific maximum deflection if subjected to a specific blast demand Giovino G, Olmati P, Bontempi F Sapienza University of Rome - September 18, 2013 - giannicola.giovino@uniroma1.it www.francobontempi.org
- 8. Test matrix 8 Entry and exit ramp 3500 1 3100 Sandbags Rupture discs 1500 Explosive charge 750 EAST WEST NORTH SOUTH Blast side 2 Planar view Panel 800 500 Concrete support 4800 1080 1750 1370 3 Wall 4 Specimen A B C Length Width Thickness Stand-off [mm] 5 Test matrix Not to scale [mm] [mm] [mm] 3500 3500 3500 1500 1500 1500 150 200 200 1500 1500 1500 Giovino G, Olmati P, Bontempi F Sapienza University of Rome - September 18, 2013 - Explosive weight Reinforcement [kg TNTeq] Longitudinal/Transversal 3.5 3.5 5.5 7 Φ8 / 10 Φ8 12 Φ10 / 10 Φ8 12 Φ10 / 10 Φ8 giannicola.giovino@uniroma1.it www.francobontempi.org
- 9. Test matrix 9 Explosive charge PBXN-109 Comb device 1500 Wall Longitudinal section 4800 EAST 1 WEST 1080 2 Coaxial tubes device 3500 3100 t Panel 400 3 Concrete support Ground Not to scale a b c 4 Panel 5 A B C t a b c [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] 150 200 200 1550 1160 880 1550 1550 Two kinds of displacement meter Giovino G, Olmati P, Bontempi F Sapienza University of Rome comb device 2030 - September 18, 2013 - coaxial tube device giannicola.giovino@uniroma1.it www.francobontempi.org
- 10. Test matrix 10 1 2 3 specimen ready to be tested 4 displacement meter explosive charge explosive charge 5 rupture disc large view with the explosive just armed Giovino G, Olmati P, Bontempi F Sapienza University of Rome - September 18, 2013 - giannicola.giovino@uniroma1.it www.francobontempi.org
- 11. Test matrix 11 rupture disc specimen 1 2 supports charge supports 3 sand bags operation for positioning 4 5 specimen Giovino G, Olmati P, Bontempi F Sapienza University of Rome - September 18, 2013 - giannicola.giovino@uniroma1.it www.francobontempi.org
- 12. Test matrix 12 1 2 3 4 5 Giovino G, Olmati P, Bontempi F Sapienza University of Rome - September 18, 2013 - giannicola.giovino@uniroma1.it12 www.francobontempi.org
- 13. Presentation outline 13 1 Introduction 2 Test matrix 3 Experimental results 4 Numerical investigation 5 Conclusions Giovino G, Olmati P, Bontempi F Sapienza University of Rome - September 18, 2013 - giannicola.giovino@uniroma1.it www.francobontempi.org
- 14. Experimental results 14 Specimen A 1 2 maximum and residual deflection = 108 mm. 3 4 The deflection of the specimen A reached the full scale value of the coaxial tubes device. 5 Giovino G, Olmati P, Bontempi F Sapienza University of Rome - September 18, 2013 - giannicola.giovino@uniroma1.it www.francobontempi.org
- 15. Experimental results 15 Specimen B 1 2 The specimen B shows a ductile failure with a diffuse crack patterns on the central one third of the panel span (max 3 mm width) maximum and the residual deflection = 70 mm and 35 mm 3 4 5 Giovino G, Olmati P, Bontempi F Sapienza University of Rome - September 18, 2013 - giannicola.giovino@uniroma1.it www.francobontempi.org
- 16. Experimental results 16 Specimen C 1 2 Heavy crack patterns are assessed. Along the mid-span of the panel diffuse cracks are present (width until 10 mm) maximum and the residual deflection = 123 mm and 82 mm 3 4 5 Giovino G, Olmati P, Bontempi F Sapienza University of Rome - September 18, 2013 - giannicola.giovino@uniroma1.it www.francobontempi.org
- 17. Presentation outline 17 1 Introduction 2 Test matrix 3 Experimental results 4 Numerical investigation 5 Conclusions Giovino G, Olmati P, Bontempi F Sapienza University of Rome - September 18, 2013 - giannicola.giovino@uniroma1.it www.francobontempi.org
- 18. Numerical investigation 18 1 2 3 4 5 Giovino G, Olmati P, Bontempi F Sapienza University of Rome - September 18, 2013 - giannicola.giovino@uniroma1.it www.francobontempi.org
- 19. Numerical investigation 19 1 Entry and exit ramp 3500 3100 Sandbags NORTH Blast side SOUTH Rupture discs Explosive charge 750 1500 3 500 EAST WEST 2 Panel 800 Concrete support 1750 1370 4 4800 1080 Wall Not to scale 5 Giovino G, Olmati P, Bontempi F Sapienza University of Rome - September 18, 2013 - giannicola.giovino@uniroma1.it www.francobontempi.org
- 20. Numerical investigation 20 1 Using the uncoupled approach the image charge provides acceptable results without increasing the computational effort. Reflecting surface 2 3 Image charge side West North South East C A Stand-off [m] 6009 4705 4705 13505 α [degrees] 27 35 35 13 B 4 Reflecting surface 5 Elementary scenario of reverberating shock waves Giovino G, Olmati P, Bontempi F Sapienza University of Rome - September 18, 2013 - giannicola.giovino@uniroma1.it www.francobontempi.org
- 21. Numerical investigation 21 Concrete and steel specimen testing 1 2 3 4 Specimen N° Concrete Rc [MPa] Rebar steel fy [MPa] Rebar steel ft [MPa] 1 2 3 4 5 6 Average 37.46 35.87 35.60 35.19 29.89 31.01 34.17 536 540 541 547 549 547 543 616 625 626 670 676 672 647 5 Giovino G, Olmati P, Bontempi F Sapienza University of Rome - September 18, 2013 - giannicola.giovino@uniroma1.it www.francobontempi.org
- 22. Numerical investigation 22 Concrete model - the Continuous Surface Cap Model 1 Density 2.248 lbf/in4 s2 2.4*103 kg/m3 2 fcm 4060 psi 28 N/mm2 3 Cap retraction Rate effect Erosion 4 5 active active none Steel model – the kinematic hardening plasticity model • • • • yielding stress=543 MPa Cowper and Symonds strain-rate model: D=500 s-1 q=6 steel Young’s modulus=200 GPa Poisson coefficient=0.3 Giovino G, Olmati P, Bontempi F Sapienza University of Rome - September 18, 2013 - giannicola.giovino@uniroma1.it www.francobontempi.org
- 23. Numerical investigation 23 1 2 3 4 5 Giovino G, Olmati P, Bontempi F Sapienza University of Rome - September 18, 2013 - giannicola.giovino@uniroma1.it www.francobontempi.org
- 24. Numerical investigation 24 1 2 3 4 5 Giovino G, Olmati P, Bontempi F Sapienza University of Rome - September 18, 2013 - giannicola.giovino@uniroma1.it www.francobontempi.org
- 25. Numerical investigation 25 1 Experimental Specime n 2 3 A B C Numerical Experimental δmax [mm] δres [mm] δmax [mm] δres [mm] θmax [deg] θres [deg] θmax [deg] θres [deg] 108* 70 123 108* 35 82 244 58 114 240 50 106 4.0* 2.6 4.5 4.0* 1.3 3.0 8.9 2.1 4.2 8.8 1.8 3.9 * Full scale value Component damage levels 4 Numerical θ [degree] µ [-] Blowout Hazardous Failure Heavy Damage Moderate Damage Superficial Damage >10° ≤10° ≤5° ≤2° none none none none none 1 5 US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). Methodology Manual for the Single-Degree-of-Freedom Blast Effects Design Spreadsheets. The United States Army Corps of Engineers. Giovino G, Olmati P, Bontempi F Sapienza University of Rome - September 18, 2013 - giannicola.giovino@uniroma1.it www.francobontempi.org
- 26. Presentation outline 26 1 Introduction 2 Test matrix 3 Experimental results 4 Numerical investigation 5 Conclusions Giovino G, Olmati P, Bontempi F Sapienza University of Rome - September 18, 2013 - giannicola.giovino@uniroma1.it www.francobontempi.org
- 27. Conclusions 27 1 2 - Three concrete cladding wall panels has been tested at the testing site of the R.W.M. Italia. - If designed for blast a concrete wall panel is able to withstand the blast demand and it can be used as a protective cladding wall. 3 - The carried out numerical simulations are able to predict sufficiently the deflection of the wall panels. 4 - The image charge method can be used for taking account the reverberating of the shock wave. 5 - The conducted test can be used as benchmark for the Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian method. Giovino G, Olmati P, Bontempi F Sapienza University of Rome - September 18, 2013 - giannicola.giovino@uniroma1.it www.francobontempi.org
- 28. Critical Infrastructures – 6C Chair: Dörr / Gündisch Giovino G, Olmati P, Bontempi F Sapienza University of Rome - September 18, 2013 - giannicola.giovino@uniroma1.it www.francobontempi.org