Gerard t’ Hooft and Leonard Susskind concluded that our 3D universe is actually a 2D hologram and that is the reason that information in a volume of 3D space is limited by its 2D surrounding sphere area divided by Planck’s area unit. So are we a hologram? for more details : http://www.ijsei.com/archive-77918.htm , 77918-12, pages 83-84 “ A new approach to the Holographic Principle “ by Eran Sinbar

1. Virtual particles in the vacuum conceal information
Eran Sinbar
eyoran2016@gmail.com

2. 𝑆 𝐵𝐻 =
𝑘𝐴
4𝑙 𝑝
2
Black hole entropy
Area of the event horizon
Boltzmann’s constant
Planck’s length
Bekenstein – Hawking formula
The information of a black hole is limited to the area of its event horizon
Divided by area units in the size of Planck’s area.

3. The limitation on the information capacity
Since we can not increase information in a sphere of space beyond the information
in a black hole , the information capacity in a volume of space is always limited by the
area of its surrounding sphere divided by Planck’s area .
𝑆 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒 ≤
𝑘𝐴
4𝑙 𝑝
2
Entropy (information capacity )in a volume of space
Area of the sphere surrounding it
Boltzmann’s constant
Planck’s length

4. The Holographic principle
• Gerard t’ Hooft and Leonard Susskind concluded from these ideas that our 3D universe
is actually a 2D hologram and that is the reason that information in a volume of 3D
space is limited by its 2D surrounding sphere area divided by Planck’s area unit.
So are we a hologram?

5. Virtual particles
• Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle dictates that for a short time there are energy spikes
in the vacuum .
• These energy spikes come in the form of virtual matter and anti-matter pairs that pop
up from the vacuum and annihilate back into vacuum in a very short period.
• These spikes (fluctuations in the vacuum) can be measured through the Casimir effect.

6. Hawking radiation
• Stephen Hawking calculated that black holes evaporate through a radiation of particles
that originate from the fluctuations in empty space near the edge of the event horizon.
• As these pair of virtual particles pop into existence near the edge of the event horizon
one particle passes some times the point of no return while its pair stays out of the
horizon . Since now they cannot annihilate back into vacuum this lose particle becomes
real as it evaporates away from the black hole.
Since energy was ripped of into existence from the void of space, the black hole returns
the same amount of energy back to space and shrinks.
this is the way black hole evaporates and radiates energy into space.

7. Information loss
• Einstein predicts ,the mass and energy are crushed into the singularity point at the
center of the black hole. Hawking predicts that black holes can theoretically evaporate
back into space from virtual particles at the outer edge of the event horizon, does it
mean that information is lost once its gone into the black hole?
• The idea that information is never lost is a basic concept in quantum physics.
• This basic conflict between general relativity and quantum mechanics ,suggests the
strange option that the black hole information is located both at the outer edge of the
black hole and in its singularity point at the center , far beyond the point of no return.
So how can information be at two different places?

8. Summary of conclusions so far
• The smallest space that can carry a bit of information is in the size of Planck area
this is due probably because of the quantization of space into quantized cells in the size
of Planck’s length.
• The information storage limit is a function of the surrounding surface area and not a
function of the internal volume of space as we would expect. This lead to the
holographic principle.
• Since information can not be lost in a black hole based on quantum mechanics but it
evaporates through virtual particles on its outer layer of the event horizon ,we can
predict that the information concealed in a black hole is located both in its singularity
and on its outer region of the event horizon surface in the form of virtual particles that
pop in and out of existence.

9. Matter
Black hole
Black hole’s entropy encoded on the area of the event horizon

10. Matter
Mass & energy which is less condensed than a black hole
The internal information is limited to the
area of the surface of space surrounding it

11. A new interpretation of these ideas
• By extrapolating the conclusions from a black hole we can suggest that any outer surface
area divided by Planck's area conceals the entire information of all the volume of mass
and energy within it.
• The information is concealed within the virtual particles that pop in and
out of existence in the surface of any empty space that surrounds this
mass/energy.

12. MatterMatter
Sphere 2 Sphere 1
The information that describes the matter in the center
Is concealed on both layers of sphere 1 and sphere 2 that
Surround it in the form of virtual particles that pop in and out
Of existence in empty space.

13. A way to test these new idea
• Virtual particles can be measured by measuring the Casimir effect in the vacuum.
• By measuring the Casimir effect in a vacuum chamber near by and before proton
collision at the LHC (Large Hadron Collider) and comparing it to the Casimir effect in the
same vacuum chamber immediately after proton collision will show an increase in
virtual particles activity because of the increase in information bits on the surface
surrounding the energetic proton collision.
• This will prove the connection between matter/energy , the information on any surface
of empty space surrounding it and virtual particles that carry this concealed information
in the empty space ( which is probably not so empty after all).

14. Matter
Surrounding Sphere
With the concealed information
On its outer surface ,illustrated as
Dots and dashes green circle
Casimir plates (black bars)
In a vacuum chamber (blue rectangle)
Before the
proton collision
The size of the arrows indicate the amount of virtual
Particles through the Casimir effect

15. Matter
Surrounding Sphere
Casimir plates
Proton collisions at
The LHC
Increase in the force between the plates due to increase in virtual particles activity

16. Are we a hologram?
• We are 3D mass and energy objects
• All the spheres that surround us carry our information bits in the form of virtual particles
on their surface.
• Space is probably quantized into cells in the size of Planck’s length in each dimension.
• These virtual particles that carry information can be measured through the Casimir effect.
• The smaller the surrounding sphere ,the denser the information on its outer surface.
• Due to that ,we are probably not 2D holograms after all!