Virginia's local governments derive their powers from the state constitution and the general assembly, enabling them to enact laws, manage budgets, and oversee public services. Charters define the structure and authority of cities and towns, which include responsibilities such as law enforcement, public safety, and land use regulation. Local governments also respond to larger events like pandemics and terrorism, with key officials elected by the people to ensure accountability and influence over local governance.

1. Virginia’s Local GovernmentsPowers and People

2. First, some review…Because of Dillon’s Rule, all powers of the local governments come from the state.Specifically, their powers come from the Constitution of Virginia and acts of the General Assembly.

3. All Local Governments…Have Legislative PowersEnact Ordinances (Local Laws)Adopt Annual BudgetsBut the specific powers in each locality can vary.

4. Charters (not of the VA Company)Cities and Towns have charters, that have been approved by the General Assembly.They list the powers and structure of the city or town.They are kind of like a constitution for the city or town.

5. What do they do?1. They enforce state and local laws.

6. What do they do?2. Promote PublicHealth

7. What do they do?3. Protect PublicSafety

8. What do they do?Educate Children Counties and Cities have a schoolboard which oversees the operation of the K-12 public schools. Members are elected or appointed.

9. What do they do?5. Protect the Environment

10. What do they do?Regulate Land Use Develop long-term land use plans. Determine if land should be public or private.Zone land as residential, agricultural, industrial, or business.

11. What do they do?Levy and Collect Taxes May not collect income tax. Get money from fees, sales tax, and property taxes.

12. National and International EventsLocal Governments must often respond to national and international events. How might a local government respond to:Terrorist attacksPandemicsRecessionsGlobal Warming

13. PeopleSheriff—sole law enforcer in rural areas. Provides security for courthouses and manages the jails.ClerkoftheCircuitCourt—official keeper of all court documents and public records.CommissionerofRevenue—chief tax assessing officer

14. PeopleTreasurer—collects revenue, dispenses money, and keeps track of funds.CityManager—oversees the operations of the local government.The Constitution of Virginia states that the Sheriff, Clerk of the Circuit Court, the Commissioner of Revenue, and the Treasurer must all by elected by the people.

15. Why’s this important?Individuals can have the greatest influence on the decisions made by local government officials.ANDIndividuals are most affected by the decisions made by local governments.