viral disease transfer and vector

1. Viral disease transfer and vector

2. Aphid transmitted viruses
• Myzus persicae :- Beet mosaic, Lettuce
mosaic, Potato virus Y, Turnip mosaic, Beet
yellows
• Acyrthosiphon pisum :- Bean common mosaic,
Bean yellow mosaic, Soybean mosaic, Pea
enation mosaic
• Toxoptera citricidus :- Citrus tristeza

3. • Leaf hopper transmitted viruses
• Nephotettix impicticeps, N. nigropictus, N. virescens
• Rice tungro virus
• Nephotettix cincticeps, N. nigropictus
• Rice dwarf virus
• Circulifer tenellus
• Beet curly top
• Agallia contricta
• Potato yellow dwarf
• Graminella nigrifrons
• Maize chlorotic dwarf
• Tree hopper transmitted viruses
• Micrutalis malleifera :- Tomato-pseudo curly top

4. • Plant hopper transmitted viruses
• Perigrinus maidis :- Maize mosaic
• Sogatodes oryzicola :- Rice hoja blanca
• Whitefly transmitted viruses
• Bamesia tabaci :- Bhendi yellow vein mosaic, Bhendi
leaf curl, Chilli leaf curl, Cotton leaf curl, Papaya
leaf curl, Mungbean yellow mosaic
• Thrips transmitted viruses
• Thrips tabaci, Frankliniella schultzei,
• Scirtothrips dorsalis :- Tomato spotted wilt virus

5. • Mealy bugs transmitted viruses
• Planococcoides njalensis :- Cocoa swollen shoot
• Pseudococcus saccharifolii :- Sugarcane spike
(Phytoplasma
• Grass hoppers transmitted viruses
• Melanophus differentialis :- Potato virus X, Tobacco
mosaic virus (Mechanical transmission)
• Lace bugs transmitted viruses
• Piesma quadratum :- Beet leaf curl virus
• Stephanites typicus :- Root (wilt) disease of coconut
• (Phytoplasma)
• Beetle transmitted viruses
• Ceratoma trifurcata :- Cowpea mosaic
• Acalymma trivitata :- Squash mosaic
• Diabrotica longicornis :- Brome mosaic

6. Fungal transmitted viruses
Fungal vector Disease
• 1. Olpidium brassicae :- Tobacco necrosis,
Tobacco stunt, Lettuce big vein
• 2. Olpidium cucurbitacearum :- Cucumber
necrosis
• 3. Polymyxa graminis :- Barley yellow dwarf
mosaic, Wheat soil borne mosaic, Peanut clump
• 4. Polymyxa betae :- Beet necrotic yellow vein
• 5. Spongospora subterranea :- Potato mop top
• 6. Synchytrium endobioticum :- Potato virus X

7. • NEPO viruses: These are nematode transmitted
viruses with polyhedral particles.
• These are generally transmitted by species of
Xiphenema and Longidorus. Ex: Tobacco
• ringspot virus, Tomato ringspot virus, Tomato black
ring virus, Arabis mosaic virus
• NETU viruses: These are nematode transmitted
viruses with tubular particles. NETU
• viruses are transmitted by Trichodorus and
Paratrichodorous. Ex; Pea early browning
virus (Trichodorus sp.), Tobacco rattle virus
(Trichodorus pachydermis)

8. • Nematode transmitted viruses:
• Nematode vector Virus Virus group
• 1. Paratrichodorus sp. & Trichodorus sp.
Pea early browning, Tobacco rattle
:-NETU group
•
• 2. Xiphenema index
• Grapevine fan leaf :- NEPO virus
• 3. Xiphenema americanum
• Tomato ringspot :- NEPO virus
• 4. Longidorous elongatus
Raspberry ringspot :- NEPO virus
•

9. Dispersal by phanerogamic parasites:
• Phanerogamic parasites transmit the viruses
• by acting as a bridge between the diseased and
healthy plants. Ex: Dodder
• (Cuscuta California, C. campesris, C. subinclusa
etc.)
• Cuscuta subinclusa – Cucumber mosaic virus
• Cuscuta california – Tobacco mosaic virus
Tobacco rattle virus
Tomato spotted wilt virus
• Cuscuta campestris - Tomato bushy stunt virus

10. • Biocontrol agents for the management of plant
pathogens
• Biocontrol agent Pathogen/disease
• 1. Ampelomyces quisqualis --Powdery mildew fungi
• 2. Darluca filum, Verticillium lecanii--- Rust fungi
• 3. Pichia gulliermondii Botrytis, --Penicillium
• Biocontrol agent Nematode
• 1. Pasteuria penetrans (Bacteria)--- Juvenile parasite of
root knot nematode
• 2. Paecilomyces lilacinus (Fungus)--- Egg parasite of
Meloidogyne incognita