The study aimed to determine the prevalence of violence against women by their husbands, postpartum depression, and the relationship between violence and depression in Nepal. The study found the incidence of postpartum depression was 19.4-22.2% and violence was 13.9-20.8%. No significant relationship was found between violence and depression, possibly due to small sample size. The study highlighted the need for further large-scale research on this topic in Nepal.
New debate on link between stress infertilityrinku987
A ton of individuals worry that their stress, anxiety, tension, and worry may scale back their probabilities of maternity with a particular treatment cycle, however there's no proof of that," says investigator Jacky Boivin, PhD, a health man of science at capital University in Wales.
—Reproductive health development depends on the menstrual hygiene in adolescence. Half of all mental health disorders in adulthood start during adolescence. Drug, alcohol and tobacco use is major concern in this group. The present study was conducted to study the reproductive health, mental health and various addictions in urban adolescents. This cross sectional study was conducted among 506 adolescents from standard 9 th and 10 th in a high school in Margao city of South Goa district in year 2015. Study participants were sampled by census method and interviewed by using a pretested, structured questionnaire. The mean age of study participants i.e. in girls it was 16.30 years & in boys it was observed 16.43 years. 85.4% of the study participants experienced one of the feelings of being anxious, sad, irritable or stressed, 74.4% of the study participants experienced feelings suggestive of psychosomatic disorder and 48.4% participants felt they were good for nothing. 58.1% had normal cycles of 21-35 days while 30.7% and 11.2% of the girls had cycles of < 21 days & 36-60 days respectively. 49.2% experienced mild symptoms of dysmenorrhoea, equal percentage experienced moderate symptoms and 1.6% experienced severe dysmenorrhoea. 40.4% had curdy white vaginal discharge, 5.5% had greenish yellow discharge and 19.8% had blood stained vaginal discharge. 5.5% of the adolescents smoked.1.2% of the participants chewed Gutkha. 26.5% had consumed alcohol & 3.8% had tried drugs. The study shows that adolescents face various problems which need to be addressed.
New debate on link between stress infertilityrinku987
A ton of individuals worry that their stress, anxiety, tension, and worry may scale back their probabilities of maternity with a particular treatment cycle, however there's no proof of that," says investigator Jacky Boivin, PhD, a health man of science at capital University in Wales.
—Reproductive health development depends on the menstrual hygiene in adolescence. Half of all mental health disorders in adulthood start during adolescence. Drug, alcohol and tobacco use is major concern in this group. The present study was conducted to study the reproductive health, mental health and various addictions in urban adolescents. This cross sectional study was conducted among 506 adolescents from standard 9 th and 10 th in a high school in Margao city of South Goa district in year 2015. Study participants were sampled by census method and interviewed by using a pretested, structured questionnaire. The mean age of study participants i.e. in girls it was 16.30 years & in boys it was observed 16.43 years. 85.4% of the study participants experienced one of the feelings of being anxious, sad, irritable or stressed, 74.4% of the study participants experienced feelings suggestive of psychosomatic disorder and 48.4% participants felt they were good for nothing. 58.1% had normal cycles of 21-35 days while 30.7% and 11.2% of the girls had cycles of < 21 days & 36-60 days respectively. 49.2% experienced mild symptoms of dysmenorrhoea, equal percentage experienced moderate symptoms and 1.6% experienced severe dysmenorrhoea. 40.4% had curdy white vaginal discharge, 5.5% had greenish yellow discharge and 19.8% had blood stained vaginal discharge. 5.5% of the adolescents smoked.1.2% of the participants chewed Gutkha. 26.5% had consumed alcohol & 3.8% had tried drugs. The study shows that adolescents face various problems which need to be addressed.
Background: Data regarding Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) and Depression in Bangladesh are inadequate. Though we have sufficient information on depression and diabetes especially during pregnancy but information about depression and gestational diabetes and the consequences are very scanty in Bangladesh. This comparative, longitudinal research study was done to better understand the relationship between gestational diabetes and depression, and the outcome of pregnancy. GDM effects fetal growth is well stablish but whether and how depression aggravates the condition was another specific objective to find out from this study. Mode of delivery, fetal morbidity and mortality and postpartum depression as a consequent was also tried to explore. Moreover this study focused on other principal social factors which might have infl uence over this condition
Presentation as presented at the DayOne Expert event in aging by Szofia Bullain. More info at https://www.baselarea.swiss/baselarea-swiss/channels/innovation-report/2019/02/aging-the-tsunami-for-healthcare.html
A cancer diagnosis and cancer treatment can be traumatic. An experience with cancer can lead to serious psychological distress that should be addressed. In this webinar, Schuyler Cunningham, Clinical Social Worker, talks about what trauma is, how to identify it, and what steps to take next.
RESULTS OF A SURVEY OF PARTICIPANT FEEDBACK AT ACYTER, JIPMER, PONDICHERRYYogacharya AB Bhavanani
The Advanced Centre for Yoga Therapy Education and Research (ACYTER), a collaborative venture between JIPMER, Puducherry and Morarji Desai National Institute of Yoga (MDNIY), New Delhi was established by MOU between JIPMER and MDNIY on 7 June 2008. In the period from March to June 2011, a survey was done on 100 patients who were regularly attending Yoga therapy sessions at ACYTER and had completed a minimum of one month of the regular programme.
A questionnaire was given to them consisting of questions related to their age, gender and demographic characteristic in addition to their main health complaints, attendance at the Yoga sessions, home practice as well as their physical and mental condition and changes in dosage of medication.
RxP International presents Gender and Psychiatric DrugsRXP International
This powerpoint presentation is presented by RxP International to provide information for mental health and medical professionals pertaining to gender differences in pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, disease prevalence, adverse drug reactions and theories about why women are more likely to present with disease. Differences in drug metabolism, distribution and elimination are included. Impact of oral contraceptives are reviewed.
Prevalence and Correlates of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome among Women Attendin...AJHSSR Journal
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine disorder which affects 5% to10%
of women worldwide. The disease is caused by insulin resistant that results in hyperinsulinaemia, and further
stimulates the excessive production of androgen and luteinizing hormone. Hyperandrogenism which is referred
to the excessive production of androgen leads to the clinical conditions like acne, obesity, alopecia and irregular
menstruation. Previous studies have shown the risk factors of PCOS include age, ethnicity, obesity, smoking,
alcohol consumption and menstrual problem. A cross sectional study was conducted at infertility clinic in
Hospital Serdang. Simple random sampling was adopted to recruit 138 women who attended the infertile clinic.
Data including sociodemographic data, lifestyle factors, medical disorders, gynaecology disorders, family
medical history, menstrual problem, diagnostic criteria of PCOS, metabolic parameters, and causes of infertility,
were retrieved from medical record. Chi square test and SPSS version 21 was used for data analysis. Among
138 participants, 37.7% are diagnosed with PCOS and 62.3% are not diagnosed with PCOS. Among PCOS
patients, 92.3% are found to age less than 35 years old, 90.4% Malay, 75% with menstrual problem and 80.8%
obese. Age, menstrual problem, and obesity were significantly associated with PCOS diagnosis. Measures like
medical education and healthy lifestyle should be implemented to prevent the complications of PCOS.
Treatment Programs HARPS Program (Helping At-Risk Pregnant Women Succeed) - C...ErikaAGoyer
NATIONAL PERINATAL ASSOCIATION CONFERENCE 2014 - Treatment Programs HARPS Program (Helping At-Risk Pregnant Women Succeed)
- Chris Cooper, MSN, NNP-CB, APRN and Dawn Forbes, MD
Prevalence and associated factors of domestic violence among pregnant women a...Diwash Timilsina
A cross-sectional study was carried out in the selected health institutions of Sunsari and Siraha district. In this study during October 21 to November 25, 2013, Purposive sampling technique was used to collect data. Structured questionnaire was administered to the pregnant women in the study area. The prevalence rate of domestic violence was found to be 18.32 percent. A total of 144 (67%) respondents out of 215 experienced domestic violence during their pregnancy.
Background: Data regarding Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) and Depression in Bangladesh are inadequate. Though we have sufficient information on depression and diabetes especially during pregnancy but information about depression and gestational diabetes and the consequences are very scanty in Bangladesh. This comparative, longitudinal research study was done to better understand the relationship between gestational diabetes and depression, and the outcome of pregnancy. GDM effects fetal growth is well stablish but whether and how depression aggravates the condition was another specific objective to find out from this study. Mode of delivery, fetal morbidity and mortality and postpartum depression as a consequent was also tried to explore. Moreover this study focused on other principal social factors which might have infl uence over this condition
Presentation as presented at the DayOne Expert event in aging by Szofia Bullain. More info at https://www.baselarea.swiss/baselarea-swiss/channels/innovation-report/2019/02/aging-the-tsunami-for-healthcare.html
A cancer diagnosis and cancer treatment can be traumatic. An experience with cancer can lead to serious psychological distress that should be addressed. In this webinar, Schuyler Cunningham, Clinical Social Worker, talks about what trauma is, how to identify it, and what steps to take next.
RESULTS OF A SURVEY OF PARTICIPANT FEEDBACK AT ACYTER, JIPMER, PONDICHERRYYogacharya AB Bhavanani
The Advanced Centre for Yoga Therapy Education and Research (ACYTER), a collaborative venture between JIPMER, Puducherry and Morarji Desai National Institute of Yoga (MDNIY), New Delhi was established by MOU between JIPMER and MDNIY on 7 June 2008. In the period from March to June 2011, a survey was done on 100 patients who were regularly attending Yoga therapy sessions at ACYTER and had completed a minimum of one month of the regular programme.
A questionnaire was given to them consisting of questions related to their age, gender and demographic characteristic in addition to their main health complaints, attendance at the Yoga sessions, home practice as well as their physical and mental condition and changes in dosage of medication.
RxP International presents Gender and Psychiatric DrugsRXP International
This powerpoint presentation is presented by RxP International to provide information for mental health and medical professionals pertaining to gender differences in pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, disease prevalence, adverse drug reactions and theories about why women are more likely to present with disease. Differences in drug metabolism, distribution and elimination are included. Impact of oral contraceptives are reviewed.
Prevalence and Correlates of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome among Women Attendin...AJHSSR Journal
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine disorder which affects 5% to10%
of women worldwide. The disease is caused by insulin resistant that results in hyperinsulinaemia, and further
stimulates the excessive production of androgen and luteinizing hormone. Hyperandrogenism which is referred
to the excessive production of androgen leads to the clinical conditions like acne, obesity, alopecia and irregular
menstruation. Previous studies have shown the risk factors of PCOS include age, ethnicity, obesity, smoking,
alcohol consumption and menstrual problem. A cross sectional study was conducted at infertility clinic in
Hospital Serdang. Simple random sampling was adopted to recruit 138 women who attended the infertile clinic.
Data including sociodemographic data, lifestyle factors, medical disorders, gynaecology disorders, family
medical history, menstrual problem, diagnostic criteria of PCOS, metabolic parameters, and causes of infertility,
were retrieved from medical record. Chi square test and SPSS version 21 was used for data analysis. Among
138 participants, 37.7% are diagnosed with PCOS and 62.3% are not diagnosed with PCOS. Among PCOS
patients, 92.3% are found to age less than 35 years old, 90.4% Malay, 75% with menstrual problem and 80.8%
obese. Age, menstrual problem, and obesity were significantly associated with PCOS diagnosis. Measures like
medical education and healthy lifestyle should be implemented to prevent the complications of PCOS.
Treatment Programs HARPS Program (Helping At-Risk Pregnant Women Succeed) - C...ErikaAGoyer
NATIONAL PERINATAL ASSOCIATION CONFERENCE 2014 - Treatment Programs HARPS Program (Helping At-Risk Pregnant Women Succeed)
- Chris Cooper, MSN, NNP-CB, APRN and Dawn Forbes, MD
Prevalence and associated factors of domestic violence among pregnant women a...Diwash Timilsina
A cross-sectional study was carried out in the selected health institutions of Sunsari and Siraha district. In this study during October 21 to November 25, 2013, Purposive sampling technique was used to collect data. Structured questionnaire was administered to the pregnant women in the study area. The prevalence rate of domestic violence was found to be 18.32 percent. A total of 144 (67%) respondents out of 215 experienced domestic violence during their pregnancy.
National Conference on Health and Domestic Violence. Plenary talk Paul Grundy
explaining how the Patient Centered Medical Home (PCMH) platform for healthcare deliver is more likely to support domestic violence prevention and creat a safer environment than the FFS episode of care system we are in now. The medical Home is a home for the data where the all the data goes and is held accountable this idea was first articulated by Dr. Calvin C.J. Sia, a Honolulu-based pediatrician in 1967.
This concept of the medical home was integrated with Ed Wagners Chronic disease Model and Thomas Bodenheimer Kevin Grumbach advanced/proactive primary care at the request of the Patient Centered Primary care Collaborative into a set of principles Know as the Joint principles of the Patient centered medical home.
The patient-centered medical home (PCMH), is a team based health care delivery set of principles led by a physician that provides comprehensive and continuous medical care to patients with the goal of obtaining maximized health outcomes. It is "an approach to providing comprehensive primary care for children, youth and adults" The provision PCMH medical homes allow better access to health care, increase satisfaction with care, and improve health. Joint principles that define a PCMH have been established through the cohesive efforts of the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP), American College of Physicians (ACP), and American Osteopathic Association (AOA).[10] Care coordination is an essential component of the PCMH. Care coordination requires additional resources such as health information technology, and appropriately trained staff to provide coordinated care through team-based models. Additionally, payment models that compensate PCMHs for their effort devoted to care coordination activities and patient-centered care management that fall outside the face-to-face patient encounter may help encourage coordination.
Domestic Violence Against Women And Girls In Powerpoint (Created By Mann Bdr...Mann Pariyar
This is the first power point slides I made, the contents in this slides are taken from various books N I do hope that it will bring a positive effect in the society.
Any comments you have can be sent at rainfall12@hotmail.com or mann061@yahoo.com.
With best regards,
mANN
Gaudium IVF is now the most successful and advanced IVF institute of North India, (New Delhi, Punjab, Jammu Srinagar & Haryana). It was setup by renowned and awarded Dr. Manika Khanna (Delhi Ratan 2008, Recognized by The President of India, Mrs. Pratibha Patil, 2009) with the aim of delivering the joy of parenthood to childless couples. It has achieved more than 6000 IVF pregnancies in last 6 years. Gaudium has been recognized as the Best IVF Institute of India 2012 by the IVF India Magazine. And, Best IVF centre of the year 2014 by State Govt. It was also awarded the Best brand in IVF Surrogacy by the Brands Academy 2012. Gaudium is proud to have healthy babies in many cities across India and Overseas.
Introduction: Postpartum psychiatric disorders are defi ned as mental disturbances, occurring in women of childbearing age within four weeks of childbirth, which leads to illnesses that create considerable family distress and vulnerability which impairs a woman’s capability to do her normal work and manage her baby care. Postpartum depression, which is frequently failed to notice by primary health care providers, has been linked by means of turbulence in the mother-infant association and bonding in the child’s cognitive and emotional development.
Introduction: Postpartum psychiatric disorders are defi ned as mental disturbances, occurring in women of childbearing age within four weeks of childbirth, which leads to illnesses that create considerable family distress and vulnerability which impairs a woman’s capability to do her normal work and manage her baby care. Postpartum depression, which is frequently failed to notice by primary health care providers, has been linked by means of turbulence in the mother-infant association and bonding in the child’s cognitive and emotional development.
Materials & Methods: A total of 50 postpartum female who were attending the Owaisi Hospital & Princess ESRA hospital were
randomly selected for the present study. Socio demographic data was gathered by using semi structured questionnaire. The SCL-90 is intended to measure symptom intensity on nine different subscales. The HAM-D was widely used to assess symptoms of depression.
Results: Primiparity is associated with greater severity of Somatic, Depressive, Anxiety symptoms. Spontaneous remission or lowering of severity of psychological symptoms is seen through one week to four of postpartum period. Type of delivery was not associated with the severity of psychological symptoms.
Research Methods in PsychologyThe Effectiveness of Psychodyn.docxronak56
Research Methods in Psychology
The Effectiveness of Psychodynamic Therapy on Childhood Abused Victims.
Annotate Bibliography
Nickel, R., & Egle, U. T. (2005). Influence of childhood adversities and defense styles on the 1-year follow-up of psychosomatic- psychotherapeutic inpatient treatment. Psychotherapy Research, 15(4), 483-494. doi:10.1080/10503300500091660
This study was conducted to examine childhood abused victims' quality of life before treatment, and after treatment. A multimodal psychodynamic group concept was used to treat 138 patients for an average of 80.4 days. In order, to properly develop a comparison, clinical examiners interviewed each patient before the start to their in-patient program to diagnose each individual, and have therapy goals for them. The questionnaires that were used to measure quality of life targeted the patient's social life health, general health, emotional and physical functioning. The patients were all re-assessed after one year had passed by, to examine any changes in their quality of life. It was revealed that the patients' mental quality of life had improved by more than one standard deviation. Their physical quality of life improved just less than one standard deviation.
Baker, V., & Sheldon, H. (2007). 'The Light at the End of the Tunnel': Issues of Hope and Loss in Endings with Survivors Groups. Group Analysis, 40(3), 404-416. doi:10.1177/0533316407081759
In this article, a previous study was mentioned in which childhood abuse survivors were treated for 20 sessions. The authors of this article agreed that 20 sessions of treatment for childhood abuse survivors isn't enough for them to develop a secure attachment to the group. This study explores whether childhood abuse victims can benefit from treatment by being treated for a longer period. Seven group members of ages 23-55 were treated for 52 sessions, over a period of 13 months. All of the members in this group are women, and they had all been sexually abused in their childhood by a family member. They followed a psychodynamic, time-limited closed group therapy, in which they all benefited somewhat. However, many of the members expressed anxiety of leting go, and not being able to move on after the group ended.
Foa, E. (2009). Psychodynamic Therapy for Child Trauma. Retrieved from https://www.istss.org/ISTSS_Main/media/Documents/ISTSS_g12.pdf
The authors of this article discuss the efficacy of pyshcodynamic methods on childhood abuse victims, by presenting the results of five randomized controled trials. The population involved in these randomized controled trials were : preschoolers that were exposed to domestic violance, abused infant and sexually abused girls. Three of these randomized controled trials focused on a child-parent therapy, using a relationship-based intervention. The goal to these three randomzied trials was to strengthen the parent-child relationship to lead to a long term healthy child development. Another randomized ...
11. Identifying the Elements of the Limitations & ImplicationsGo tBenitoSumpter862
11. Identifying the Elements of the Limitations & Implications
Go to the Limitations/Implications section(s) and identify the limitations of the study and how those limitations impacted the whole study.
12. Identifying the Elements of the Conclusion Section
Go to the Conclusion section and identify the conclusive statements of the study and the recommendations made for future research.
POST # 1 EDITHA
When assessing an adolescent with bipolar disorder, what are some of the diagnostic and treatment challenges the clinician might face?
Bipolar disorder is a serious mental health disorder that is often first diagnosed during young adulthood or adolescence. Symptoms of the illness, however, also can appear in early childhood. Although once thought rare in children, diagnosis of bipolar disorder in children has significantly increased over the last decade (Papolos & Bronsteen, 2018). Despite the increased diagnosis of bipolar disorder in children, assessment and diagnosis remain challenging and controversial. This is, in part, because of the lack of research on this disorder in children and adolescents and the growing recognition that the disease can present differently in children from how it presents in adults (AACAP, 2019). Over the years, more attention has focused on the unique presentation of bipolar disorder in the young that has introduced new ways of looking at this disease and assessing it in children.
The importance of identifying the presence of bipolar disease at an early age is highlighted by data showing that adults in whom bipolar disease started at an early age have a more severe course of the illness compared with adult-onset disease. Early-onset disease is associated with a higher risk of suicide; severe mood lability and polarity; lower quality of life and greater functional impairment; higher rates of comorbidity; and a higher risk of substance use disorders compared with adult-onset disease (Papolos & Bronsteen, 2018). Although some children meet the criteria established for adults categorized in the DSM-5, many children fall outside these classical categories, and diagnosis in these children is particularly challenging and difficult (APA, 2013). For these children, additional information beyond what is provided in the DSM may help make an accurate diagnosis which causes increased challenges in assessment and diagnosis.
References
Papolos, D, & Bronsteen A. (2018) bipolar disorder in children: assessment in general pediatric practice. Curr Opin Pediatr, 25(3):419-426.
American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP). (2019) bipolar disorder: Parents’ Medication Guide for Bipolar Disorder in Children & Adolescents.
American Psychiatric Association (APA) (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Association of suicidal behavior with exposure
to suicide and suicide attempt: A systematic
...
11. Identifying the Elements of the Limitations & ImplicationsGo tSantosConleyha
11. Identifying the Elements of the Limitations & Implications
Go to the Limitations/Implications section(s) and identify the limitations of the study and how those limitations impacted the whole study.
12. Identifying the Elements of the Conclusion Section
Go to the Conclusion section and identify the conclusive statements of the study and the recommendations made for future research.
POST # 1 EDITHA
When assessing an adolescent with bipolar disorder, what are some of the diagnostic and treatment challenges the clinician might face?
Bipolar disorder is a serious mental health disorder that is often first diagnosed during young adulthood or adolescence. Symptoms of the illness, however, also can appear in early childhood. Although once thought rare in children, diagnosis of bipolar disorder in children has significantly increased over the last decade (Papolos & Bronsteen, 2018). Despite the increased diagnosis of bipolar disorder in children, assessment and diagnosis remain challenging and controversial. This is, in part, because of the lack of research on this disorder in children and adolescents and the growing recognition that the disease can present differently in children from how it presents in adults (AACAP, 2019). Over the years, more attention has focused on the unique presentation of bipolar disorder in the young that has introduced new ways of looking at this disease and assessing it in children.
The importance of identifying the presence of bipolar disease at an early age is highlighted by data showing that adults in whom bipolar disease started at an early age have a more severe course of the illness compared with adult-onset disease. Early-onset disease is associated with a higher risk of suicide; severe mood lability and polarity; lower quality of life and greater functional impairment; higher rates of comorbidity; and a higher risk of substance use disorders compared with adult-onset disease (Papolos & Bronsteen, 2018). Although some children meet the criteria established for adults categorized in the DSM-5, many children fall outside these classical categories, and diagnosis in these children is particularly challenging and difficult (APA, 2013). For these children, additional information beyond what is provided in the DSM may help make an accurate diagnosis which causes increased challenges in assessment and diagnosis.
References
Papolos, D, & Bronsteen A. (2018) bipolar disorder in children: assessment in general pediatric practice. Curr Opin Pediatr, 25(3):419-426.
American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP). (2019) bipolar disorder: Parents’ Medication Guide for Bipolar Disorder in Children & Adolescents.
American Psychiatric Association (APA) (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Association of suicidal behavior with exposure
to suicide and suicide attempt: A systematic
...
Please I need a response to this case study.1 pagezero plagi.docxcherry686017
Please I need a response to this case study.
1 page
zero plagiarism
three references
The Case:
The sleepy woman with anxiety
This week’s discussion presents a case study involving a 44-year old woman with a chief complaint of anxiety beginning at age 15 years old. She has a long history of mental illness and continued therapies. The purpose of this discussion is to analyze her case history to determine medication and treatment effectiveness.
Client Questions
Question 1. Are you having feelings of harming yourself or harming someone else?
Rationale: This is a possibly uncomfortable yet important set of questions to ask each client. Primary care providers may be in a unique position to prevent suicide due to their frequent interactions with suicidal patients. Reviews suggest that among patients who committed suicide, 80 percent had contact with primary care clinicians within one year of their death, whereas only 25 to 30 percent of decedents had contact with psychiatric clinicians within the year of their death (Stene-Lars & Reneflot, 2017).
Question 2. What was happening in your life as a teenager when the anxiety started and you began to self-medicate?
Rationale: Per our report, this patient began suffering signs and symptoms of anxiety at 15-years old. Asking these types of questions we may gain insight into an underlying cause or triggering event. Anxiety disorders are the most common psychiatric disorders with onset in childhood, with prevalence estimates ranging from 10 to 30 percent. Nearly 37 percent of behaviorally inhibited preschool-age children had social anxiety disorder at age 15, compared with 15 percent of non- behaviorally inhibited children
.
Children with anxiety disorders are more likely to have persistent anxiety disorders into adulthood. (Rapee, 2014).
Question 3. What was happening in your life a year ago when these symptoms returned and became debilitating? Let’s discuss what the triggering events may have been.
Rationale: Self-discovery of triggering events may help the client to come to terms with the determinants of her anxiety and depression. Studies have shown that specific types of stressors were found to differentially predict increases in specific facets of anxiety sensitivity; health-related stressors predicted increases in disease-related concerns and fear of mental incapacitation, whereas stressors related to family discord predicted increases in fear of feeling unsteady, fear of mental incapacitation, and fear of having publicly observable symptoms of anxiety (McLaughlin & Hatzenbuehler, 2009).
Support System
The support system as reported by our client is her husband. She states he is supportive and has little to no contact with the family of origin. She has a few friends and a few outside interests. As PMHNP, discussing relationships with the client is one avenue to gain insight into anxiety patterns and coping mechanisms as seen by outside support. With the client’s permissio.
Using Research to Understand a Problem (Quantitative) I am in.docxjessiehampson
Using Research to Understand a Problem (Quantitative)
I am interested in the domestic violence in considering of Asian culture, the reason this problem interest me is of my personal experience of my family, I want to explore more perspectives on this problem.
At the very beginning of my research process, I selected databases including Gender Studies Database, Women's Studies International, Family & Society Studies Worldwide, Social Sciences Full Text (H.W. Wilson) and Social Sciences Abstracts (H.W. Wilson). And then I used the keyword in the first blank, domestic violence or domestic abuse or intimate partner violence and in the second blank I used Asian culture. After that I limited the range to Scholarly (Peer Reviewed) Journals, when I tried to narrow it down by methodology, it came out that I can’t find the selection of methodology. After communicated with instructor, I changed the database to all databases, and it worked, the results narrow by quantitative study.
The first article “Gender disadvantage and reproductive health risk factors for common mental disorders in women.” The study was designed to determine the association of factors indicative of gender disadvantage and reproductive health with the risk of common mental disorders in women. It is a Cross-sectional survey from November 1, 2001, to June 15, 2003, located on India's west coast, GOA. The study population was women aged 18 to 45 years living in the catchment area of the north Goa district. A total of 3000 women were randomly selected from the sampling frame. The eligibility criteria for recruitment were age between 18 and 50 years and residence in the area for the next 12 months, speaking one of the study languages, not experiencing cognitive impairment as well as not being pregnant. They use Revised Clinical Interview Schedule (CISR) to measure the outcome, CISR consists of 14 domains, such as anxiety, depression, irritability, obsessions, compulsions, and panic. Each domain includes mandatory and scoring questions. The sum of the scoring questions generates a total score (range, 0-57) that is a measure of nonpsychotic psychiatric morbidity. In addition to the CISR, items inquired about lifetime suicide attempts and attempts to harm oneself without the intention to die. An interview and blood and vaginal/urine specimens were collected to ascertain risk factors.
The second article “Marriage migration, patriarchal bargains, and wife abuse: A study of South Asian women.” introduces that in South Asia, despite decades of activism against abuse, it remains normative for husbands and their relatives to abuse wives, and legislation against domestic abuse is largely ineffective (Ahmed-Ghosh, 2003; Banerjee, 1999; Kapur & Crossman, 1996; Mitra, 2002). The sample for this study was purposively selected to allow for research on South Asian immigrant women with recent histories of abuse at the hands of their husbands, and a comparison group of similar women with no abuse h ...
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
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Violence against women by their husband and postpartum depression final
1. Author-Budhathoki N, Dahal M, Bhusal S, Ojha H,
Pandey S, Basnet S
J Nepal Health Res Counc 2012 Sep;10(22):176-80
Presented By – Chetkant Bhusal
MPH 3rd Batch, NMCTH
Violence against Women by their
Husband and
Postpartum Depression
2. INTRODUCTION
Violence against women is very high with very little
to choose between the cities and provinces.
In Nepal too, violence against women is rampant,
more so domestic violence.
This occurs despite physical violence against
women being ascribed as criminal act by Domestic
Violence Act. We the health care providers are in
front line for identification and intervention against
violence against women.
3. Violence against women especially during the
pregnancy have been linked with poor physical and
mental development of baby in utero.
Also psychological violence during pregnancy by an
intimate partner is strongly associated with postnatal
depression, independently of physical or sexual
violence.
Previous studies in Nepal show prevalence of
depressive symptoms among postpartum women as
4.9% and a strong association with husband's
alcoholism, polygamy and previous depression.
4. The objectives of the study were to find prevalence
rate of violence against women, postpartum
depression, relationship between violence against
women and postpartum depression as well as with
other potential factors.
5. Methodology
Research Design:
Prospective cohort study
Study Area:
study was conducted in Kathmandu Medical
College Teaching Hospital (KMCTH) and Dhading
District Hospital
Study Duration:
April 2011 to August 2011.
Study Population:
Study population were pregnant women of
reproductive age group (15 to 45 years).
5
6. Sampling Techniques:
Convenient sampling method
Sample size:
Minimum sample size was determined by using statistical
formula;
n= (Zα/2)2.p.q
where,
Zα/2 = (1.96/0.05), considering 95% confidence interval.
p = prevalence of post partum depression.6
q = 1-p
The minimum sample size (N=72 )thus determined was
collected, of which half of the sample was collected in
KMCTH and other half in Dhading District Hospital.
7. Sources of Data:
Primary Source
Tools of Data Collection
Data regarding violence against women and
depression was collected using standard
questionnaire.
For violence against women, structured
questionnaire regarding physical, sexual and
psychological violence, which was used in WHO multi
centric study will be used.
For screening of postpartum depression, Edinburgh
Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) was used
where Depression was defined by EPDS score of 13
or more.
8. Data Collection Method
The conduction of the study involved, three interviews,
First Face to Face Interview in antenatal period during
routine ANC visit at KMCTH and Dhading District
Hospital
Second and Third during their visit to hospital for
immunization of their child during 6-10 weeks postpartum
or over the telephone (if not coming to hospital for
immunization).
Data management, analysis procedures and
interpretation
Analysis of data was done using SPSS version 16 to
estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% Confidence
Intervals of the association of postnatal depression
with forms of partner violence during pregnancy, and
9. Validity and Reliability of the instrument
Standard Questionnaire which was used in WHO
multi centric study will be used.
For screening of postpartum depression,validated
instruments i.e. Edinburgh Postpartum Depression
Scale (EPDS) was used
The Study was given ethical approval by Kathmandu
Medical College Institutional Review Board
(KMCIRB).
Written informed consent was taken from each
participant.
Participants were free to decide whether to
participate on the study or not.
10. Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria
The inclusion criteria were women of age group 15- 45
yrs and women in third trimester of pregnancy
the exclusion criteria were women with any obstetric or
gynecological complications, women with previous
documented history of mental illness and women who
do not give consent.
Limitation of the study:
Women who had still birth or whose child died before
the follow up period were not included in the study. This
along with smaller sample size and convenient sampling
method are the limitations of the study.
11. RESULTS
All the participants (n=72) of the study were
closely followed up during the postpartum period,
with 86.66% being interviewed in the hospital
during their visit for the immunization of their child
while 13.44% were interviewed over the
telephone as they did not come for immunization.
On an average the antenatal interview were
longer (13.7minutes) than the postpartum
interview (7.2 minutes at 6 weeks and 5 minutes
at 10 weeks).
12. The incidence of postpartum depression was found
to be 19.4% (95% CI = 14.73 - 24.06) and 22.22%
(95% CI = 17.30 - 27.09) during first (6 week
postpartum ) and second (10th week) postpartum
interview respectively.
The incidence of physical, psychological and sexual
violence was found to be 20.8% (95% CI= 16.01 -
25.58), 19.4% (95% CI= 14.73 - 24.06) and 13.9%
(95% CI= 9.82 - 17.97) respectively.
No statistically significant relationship could be
found between different forms of violence and
postpartum depression (Table 1,4).
13. However, the study showed that all the women with
bad communication or conversation with the
husband had postpartum depression while only
17.1% of women with good conversation had
postpartum depression.
Postpartum depression was found to be higher
among women attending Dhading district hospital
as compared to Kathmandu Medical College
Teaching Hospital though the relationship was not
significant statistically (p value=0.067,OR= 0.325,
CI 95% = 0.091- 1.157).
Postpartum depression was seen higher among
housewives than working women (p value= 0.032;
OR= 7.10, CI 95% - 0.87- 58.05) in second
14.
15.
16.
17.
18. DISCUSSION
The interview during antenatal visit included short
explanation regarding the study, attaining consent and
then data regarding violence against them.
Hence the duration of interview was longer compared to
postpartum interview.
All the participants from antenatal visits were traced out in
immunization clinic or through telephone hence no loss in
follow up was met.
Two postpartum interviews were conducted to screen
postpartum depression, as when the condition would
emerge could not be predicted or available in literature.
Hence same case was followed up to 10 weeks
postpartum and interviewed at 6th and 10th week
postpartum.
19. It showed that 2.8% of the participants who did not
have postpartum depression during interview at 6th
week had developed during 10th week interview.
Hence till when should the interview be continued to
get a true picture of postpartum depression is largely
unknown with Ludemir et al following up to 6 month
after the delivery.
The prevalence of postpartum depression among
Nepalese study population was found to be 22.2% in
the study which was slightly less than that found in
multi centric study published in Lancet, which
showed that 25·8% of participants had postnatal
depression.
The higher prevalence of postpartum depression
may be because longer timing of follow up. In our
study we followed up for first two and half months
after delivery of the baby, while Ludimir et al followed
20. Prevalence of postpartum depression in ours study
was however was much higher that that found by
Dorhiem SK who showed prevalence postpartum
depression to be 4.9% in Nepalese population.
The possibility of either rise of incidence of
postpartum depression or underreporting of it back
then are both highly likely.
In our study population the commonest form of
violence was physical violence which was
experienced by 20.8% of the participants while the
multi centric study published in Lancet showed that
the most common form of partner violence against
women was psychological which was found to be
28·1%.5
21. In our study no form of violence against women
were found to be significantly (statistically)
associated with postpartum depression.
However odds of developing postpartum
depression was higher among those experiencing
physical violence, but most probably due to smaller
sample size the statistically significant association
could not be derived.
This was in contrast to those found by Ludermir et
al where women experiencing high frequency of
psychological violence were likely to develop it. The
discrepancy in the findings can also be attributed to
perception of Nepalese women where they tend to
take violence against them by husband to be
normal occurrences and nothing to worry about.
22. Previous studies in Nepal shows that depression
(EPDS>12) was strongly associated with husband's
alcoholism, polygamy and previous depression in
Nepal.
The odds of development of postpartum depression
among women whose husband used to consume
excess alcohol was higher in our study too.(OR
1.98, 95% CI (0.443-8.916)).
Polygamy as a variable was not studied in our
study, and previous history of depression was an
exclusion criteria for our study.
23. Current weight of the child however, was one of the
factor determining development of postpartum
depression in a women as shown by the study.
The well being of the child is a factor for
precipitating postpartum depression.
Similarly other factors that could precipitate
postpartum depression were analyzed, however the
significant relationship could not be elicited per se
may be due to smaller sample size.
24. Conclusion
Hormonal factors may be important in
development of postpartum depression in a
women, however similar hormonal changes
occurs in all the parturient women.
Hence external factors such as lack of weight
gain in the child, illness of the child, poor
communication with husband, violence against
women and others may be very important in
development of the postpartum depression.
This form of depression is largely avoidable and
may lead to deleterious effect on growth and
development of the child.
25. Various factors can have their say in developing
postpartum depression in a women, even though
the relationship could not be found statistically in
our study, we suggest and strongly recommend a
large population based comprehensive study on
the topic.
Similarly in this study we followed up only the
women who had live birth.
Women who had still birth or whose child died
before the follow up period were not included in
the study. This along with smaller sample size
and convenient sampling method are the
limitations of the study.
26. REFERENCES
1. Garcia-Moreno C, Jansen HA, Ellsberg M, Heise L,
Watts CH. Prevalence of intimate partner violence:
findings from the WHO multi-country study on
women's health and domestic violence. Lancet.
2006 Oct 7;368(9543):1260-9.
2. Poudel-Tandukar K, Poudel KC, Yasuoka J, Eto T,
Jimba M. Domestic violence against women in
Nepal. Lancet. 2008 May 17;371(9625):1664.
3. Joshi SK. Voilence against women in Nepal: role of
health care workers. Kathmandu Univ Med J. 2009
Apr-Jun;7(26):89-90.
4. Maternal mental health and child health and
development in low and middle income countries.
Report of the meeting held in Geneva, Switzerland;
30 January – 1 February 2008
27.
28. Looking Critically
Strength of the study:
Information about Violence against women by their
husband and postpartum Depression is very useful
for policy makers and planners to develop policies,
planning, strategies etc like (GESI strategy, Quota
system) and programs focusing women to raise their
empowerment.
Methodology:
Standard Questionnaire which was used in WHO
multi centric study was used for data collection
regarding physical, sexual and psychological violence
against women and depression.
29. For screening of postpartum depression, validated tools
i.e. Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) was
used.
For ethical Consideration Permission for conducting
study was taken from Kathmandu Medical College
Institutional Review Board (KMCIRB).
Written informed consent was taken from each
participant and participants were also free to decide
whether to participate on the study or not.
30. Study was conducted in two different setting
taking study unit as reproductive age women
visiting Private hospital of urban area and
Government hospital of rural area which
represent the reproductive age women in totality.
Authors suggested and strongly recommended
a large population based comprehensive study
on the topic as the study could not show the
statistical relationship between Violence by their
husband and postpartum depression.
Discussion:
Compare and contrast with rational for every finding
was given.
31. Weakness
The Objective of the study (was to find prevalence
rate of violence against women, postpartum
depression, relationship between violence against
women and postpartum depression as well as with
other potential factors.) but as the present study is
Cohort study the Authors failed to set the Objectives.
Better if they find the incidence rather than
prevalence.
Methodology
• It is the Cohort study which need at least two group
i.e Study Group and Control (comparison) group , it is
better if authors mentioned who are the study group
and who are control group in Methodology part.
(Study group and comparison group are clearly
shown in finding).
• Statistical formula to determined minimum sample
32. Authors mentioned inclusion and exclusion
criteria differently in two section methodology
section (The inclusion criteria were women of age
group 15- 45 yrs and women in third trimester of
pregnancy and the exclusion criteria were women
with any obstetric or gynecological complications,
women with previous documented history of
mental illness and women who do not give
consent. )and in Conclusion section(Similarly in
this study we followed up only the women who had live
birth. Women who had still birth or whose child died
before the follow up period were not included in the
study.) Better if two different Inclusion and
exclusion criteria for ANC visit and follow up visit
were clearly mentioned in Methodology section.
No need of it in Conclusion section.
33. Some of the follow up interview(13.44%) were conducted over the
telephone. Isn’t it a sensitive issues??? What is the quality of data
??? Better if researchers visit their home for follow up interview.
Who collected data? Authors themselves or trained research
assistants or who??
It is better if grammar was thoroughly checked. (Standard
Questionnaire which was used in WHO multi centric study will be
used). Though it is not big issue meaning seems different. Better if
Cross Check was done by different authors for grammar
Results:
All the participants (n=72) of the study were closely followed up
during the postpartum period, with 86.66% being interviewed in the
hospital during their visit for the immunization of their child while
13.44% were interviewed over the telephone as they did not come
for immunization. On an average the antenatal interview were
longer (13.7minutes) than the postpartum interview (7.2 minutes at
6 weeks and 5 minutes at 10 weeks). I think it should be in
methodology part not in result.
34. There is finding about communication or
conversation with the husband but no any variables
about it is shown in article. (However, the study
showed that all the women with bad communication
or conversation with the husband had postpartum
depression while only 17.1% of women with good
conversation had postpartum depression).
For variable “Occupation of respondents” p value,
crude OR and CI value are different in Description
and table. Better if Cross Check was done by
different authors for grammar and typing mistake.
No statistically significant relationship could be
found between different forms of violence and
postpartum depression
35. Discussion:
Isn’t this information should be in methodology part(The
interview during antenatal visit included short explanation
regarding the study, attaining consent and then data
regarding violence against them. Hence the duration of
interview was longer compared to postpartum interview.
All the participants from antenatal visits were traced out
in immunization clinic or through telephone hence no loss
in follow up was met. Two postpartum interviews were
conducted to screen postpartum depression, as when the
condition would emerge could not be predicted or
available in literature. Hence same case was followed up
to 10 weeks postpartum and interviewed at 6th and 10th
week postpartum.) better if it is in Methodology part not
in Discussion.
During compare and contrast authors mention In our
study, I think it is better to mention like In present study,
this study etc instead of our study
36. Lastly
Though I had talked about all above comments, I
appreciate authors’ for their effort on this worth
full original work which provides guidelines for
new researchers in this area.