The document provides a socio-economic profile of Village Jaffar Khan Jalbani based on a survey conducted in February 2015. Key findings include: - The village has a population of approximately 1600 people from six main castes, with the majority dependent on agriculture. - Major crops grown are cotton, wheat, sugarcane and tomatoes. Livestock includes goats, cows, buffalos and chickens. - Infrastructure is limited with most roads unpaved and housing ranging from concrete to thatched structures. Health services are also limited. - Educational attainment is low with three primary schools but no functioning higher secondary school, resulting in higher levels taught in primary schools.

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SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE
Submitted to Dr. Shahab Mughal Asst. Professor
Submitted by Irfan Husain Shaikh
Sind Development Studies Center

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Title Page 1
Table of Content 2
Background 3
Goal and Objective of the Survey 3
Methodology 3-4
Survey findings 5-9
Key vulnerabilities 10-11
Key capacities 11
Recommendation 11-12

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BACKGROUND
Dr. Shahab Mughal Asst. Professor Sind Development Studies Center, University
of Sindh Main campus has assign me the task to conduct the socio-economic
survey as a part of academic learning. The survey was scheduled on Feb, 14, 2015
at village Jaffar Khan Jalbani. As a student the major aim of this survey is to be
aware and be familiar with the rural society, their socio-economic issues and
potential for development. Which is a pre-requirement for the student of Rural
Development Studies.
GOAL
1. To develop the village profile
OBJECTIVES
1. To bring fore the current socio-economic status of the village
2. To assess the basic needs of the village.
3. To identify areas for interventions
METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION
Focus Group Discussion
A focus group was conducted with
six respondents belonging to
different caste groups found in the
village to obtain general
information about the village and
identify ways to build on this
information through data
collection. The FDG also provided
an opportunity to obtain the
support of the villagers. These
FDGs were useful in obtaining information on demography, culture and lifestyle,
livelihood, healthcare, education, infrastructure, and services.

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General Observation
A transit walk was finally made with the
villagers to get an understanding of the
overall environment, activities, and
problems. An important purpose of the
transit walk was to assess the credibility of
the information sought from focus group
and informant interviews.
Key Informant Interview
Key informant interview were conducted
with school teachers and village elders.

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SURVEY FINDINGS
Village Jaffar Khan Jalbani is characterized as an under-develop rural society,
villagers live in clusters of small scale settlements locally named as bastis usually
relatives with old traditions, norms and customs. The livelihood of estimated 90
percent of the population is dependent upon agricultural and allied activities.
Rare proportion of the population is involved in services, market related activity
and trading, including general stores, easy paisa shops, local hotels and cabins.
Village is situated in Deh Chhachh, Taluka Chambar II, District Tandoallahyar. It
is bounded on the east by Village Hassan Laghari and Siddique Arain, on the
west by Village Bahaddur Khan Jalbani, on North by Dalelabad and on the South
by Imdad Ali Patafi Farms. Chamber, which serves as the hub-center of the
village, is located at a distance of 5 kilometers from the village. Tandoallayar city
is 25 km away from the village.
The village covers a geographic area of around 1500 acres and has a population
of around 1600 people dwelling in some 250-300 houses. Major communities in
the village include Jalbani, Nothkani, Arain and Laghari. Other ethnic groups
include Machi, Kohli and Bheels. The locally spoken language is Saraike.
POPULATION
DIFFERENT CAST GROUP: Estimated population of the village is nearly 1600 (including
est. 800 males and 700 females) from six different caste groups. Relative
proportion of these castes in numbers is shown below:
Jalbani 600
Notkani 400
Arian 200
Laghari 200
Kohli 100
Bheel 100
AGE GROUP OF POPULATION: Estimated population for different age groups is shown
below:
Below 5 years 500
6-20 years 400

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21-40 years 300
41-60 years 200
Above 69 years 100
LIVELIHOOD
The main economic activity of the people is farming with estimated 85% of the
households engaged in agriculture. Rest are engaged in private businesses,
services sector, government and private jobs, and market trading. Requirements
of food are fulfilled from subsistence farming.
AGRICULTURE
LANDHOLDING: 15% of the population is
land less out of which 05% are involve
in marketing and trading, 10% are small
farmers having 1-2 ha land, while nearly
70% are large farmers having above 2
acre of land.
LAND USE PATTERN: Out of total 1500
acre land, 1100 acre is wet irrigated
land which is under-cultivation. The
livelihood of people is dependent on
Dhora Adjacent Naseer canal. 80 to 100
acre of land in uncultivable barren land. 03 to 04 acre of land is used for the
purposes other than agriculture including schools and market. 60 to 70 acre of land
is under pasture. 15 acres is covered with trees and 05 to 07 acres is un-cropped
land.
SOIL TYPE: Out of total 1500 acres 85% of land is clay loam, 10 % sandy, and 08%
is saline/alkali land.

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CROPPING PATTERN: Cropping pattern for Rabi and Kharif crops is shown below.
Season Crops Varity Area cultivated in ha
Rabi
(Nov 15, Dec
1)
Kherif
(March 15,
May 15)
Cotton BD: 702, 601,
602, 182, 55,
1000, 90
300 acre
Sugar can Thata ten, dl4,
246, 240, 234
200 acre
Tomato Hybrid 30 acre
Chile Hybrid, Shimla 20 acre
Sughar can Thata ten, dl4,
246, 240, 234
300 acre
Wheat TD1, kiran 95,
saher
300 acre
Sarsuh Hybrid, tanto
seed
150 acre
Tomato Hybrid 30 acre
LIVESTOCK: The estimated population of animals according to the villagers, was
recorded as: 250 goats, 10 to 15 cows, 100 to 150 buffalos, 05 to 10 bullock’s, 02
camels, 150 to 200 chickens and 13 to 15 horse and donkeys.
OFF FARM ACTIVITY: The market trading is base on small local market comprising of
40 to 50 shops including general stores, medical stores, small hotels, cycle or
motorbike repairing shops. One brick chambers and a sugar mill is located
adjacent to the village and is an important source of livelihood for the land less and
the labor force.
INFRASTRUCTURE
ROADS: A main road connects the village to the hub-center Chamber and with the
city of Tandoallayar. Roads inside the village are mainly kachi roads.
HOUSING: There are estimated 250 to 300 houses. Most of the houses are made
up of concrete and are characterized as Pucca, some of the people are living in
hut/ thatched. Traditionally, people live with relatives in small colony locally name
as basti.

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HEALTH & SANITATION:
There is only one private clinic (dispensary) and one medical store in the village.
Toilets exist in most of the concrete (pacca) houses, but there is no toilet in kacha
houses or in huts. There are estimated 250 to 300 toilets in the village, 3 toilets
exist in schools one in private school and two exist in government schools. There
is no public/ common toilet in the village. Government has not developed the
drainage infrastructure and all the villagers dispose their waste in underground
tanks.
DRINKING WATER FACILITIES: Government has not developed water infrastructure in
the village. Hand pumps are the major source of drinking water. There are
estimated 270 to 300 hand pumps, 07 overhead tanks, and 01 bore well in the
village.
Under-ground water tanks, street taps, individual connection, open tanks and
percolation pound are not found in the village.
FUEL FOR TRANSPORT: Nearest petrol and CNG pump is located within 2 km from the
village. 3 petrol pumps are located within 05 km. Diesel and petrol are available
through shop traders within the village. Local transport includes buses, riksha, lorry
and van.
FUEL FOR HOUSEHOLD NEEDS: Gas connections and bio-gas plants are not available
in the village; kerosene is available in few shops. Common poll resources play an
important role and estimated 70% people depend on locally found wood and 30%
purchase the wood from the market for the household needs. Most of the forest
land is now used for cultivation because water is now available through irrigation.
ELECTRICITY: Electricity is available in the village. Nearly every house has tube lights
and bulbs in their houses. But there is no arrangement for street lighting in the
village. People tend to use sodium lamp and torch lights when necessary during
travelling at nights.
GOVT. ORGANIZATION: There is no police station in the village. The nearest station
is located within 5 km in Chamber. However, police patrolling is carried out in the
village. There are two commercial banks namely Habib Bank Limited and National
Bank of Pakistan located within 5 km. The nearest electricity board (power house)
is 3 km far from the village. The telecommunication board is also located in the
main village. Shops of seed and fertilizer is located within 5 km.

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Agriculture, horticulture, fishery, livestock and forestry departments does not exist
in the village or nearby.
COMMUNICATION: Radio and television transmissions reach the village. There are
around 20 to 30 radio sets, 03 public TV in hotels and 150 to 200 private TV in
Houses. People own approximately 2000 mobile phones. Post office, telegraph
office, public telephone, private phone booth, newspaper and internet facility is not
available in the village.
EDUCATIONAL STATUS
Educational facilities are the key indicator about the socio-economic status of the
village. 80% of the population are illiterate.
PRIMARY SCHOOL: There are 03 primary
schools in the village: two are public
and one is private which is built by
UNICEF and operated by Nari Welfare
Association. Total 181 students
enrolled in private primary school out
of which 65 are male and 106 are
female.
In two government primary schools,
388 student are enrolled out of which
238 are male and 150 are female
students.
HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOL: There is one higher secondary school building but it is
not functional. Electricity, toilets, water and sanitation facility is available in the
building but teacher and other staff is not available, rather do not come on duty
despite being on government payroll. Therefore the students of higher secondary
school are forced to take their classes in primary schools.
The facility of College and Technical education institutions are also absent.
COMMUNITY ORGANIZATION: There is only one non-government organization
namely Nari Welfare Organization is working on primary and technical education
and delivering training on handicraft to women of the village.

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Farmer’s association, water user’s association, village development committee,
milk society, co-operative society, youth club, and welfare club do not exist in the
village.
KEY VULNERABILITIES
 Education remain a neglected area as schools lack essential necessities
and teaching staffs. The educational status of people is critically low at
all levels of education and needs to be improved through comprehensive
policy and action. Most of the villagers are illiterate (i.e cannot read or
write a sentence with understanding). Only a small proportion of children
are attending school. Many others either work or wander in the streets
and waste their time at various places throughout the day
 There is a general neglect of healthcare and the health status of the
population is seriously affected by this neglect. The nearest hospital is
located around 5 km but lacks basic medical provisions. The only private
medical clinic in the village is run by an ataai doctor. People, after having
developed serious implications, travel long to reach to the hospitals and
clinics in Tandoallahyar, and Hyderabad.
 Provision of clean drinking water and sanitation is also a problem as no
attempt has been made by the government to improve water supply and
sanitation. Predominantly, underground water is used for drinking and
other household purposes. Sewerage and sanitation system are also
poorly functioning with efforts made by villagers on their part alone.
People living in huts are more valuable, they have no hand pumps and
toilets in their hurts, and they are tend to go in open agricultural land for
toilet purpose. Further more people in general have very little or no
awareness about proper hygienic practices, such as cleaning of their
toilets, washing hands properly, wearing sleepers etc.
 Fuel wood is available but it is diminishing not because of increase in
demand but because easy availability of water for cultivation that results
in deforestation, most of the forest land is now under cultivation. People
now tend to purchase the fuel wood from the market which is costly.
 The non-farm sector is under-developed. Consequently, there are little
opportunities for landless people in the village to carry out income

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generation activities. The only option is market trading, laboring in sugar
mill and labor outside the village.
 Crime is also increasing in the village particularly money, mobile and
motorbike snatching.
 Lack of support to farmer and other inhabitant in terms of social security,
or welfare schemes.
KEY CAPACITIES
 Marketing and trading can be improved or developed, local market has
the potential to attract consumer from the nearby villages.
 Young boys and girls are motivated and are interested in getting
education.
 People are becoming familiar and aware about modern science and
technologies like mobile, computer, television, internet and agriculture
technologies and farming methods.
RECOMMENDATION
 Government and non-government sector should provide health care
facilities. There is a need for developing basic health units in the village.
 There is a need for starting sensitization project to minimize the
unhygienic health condition. At least to traditional birth attendants, and
some health promoters, along with the provisioning of first aid boxes, to
minimize the health consequences.
 There is a need to develop coordination (committees) between the
farmers especially between influential persons, so they can sort the
common problems by their own and can think for the betterment of their
society.

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 There is a need for developing coordination in between landless laborer,
as to increase their bargaining power against the landlord.
 Government must give incentives to farmers in terms of social security or
welfare schemes.
 Improvements can be made in education; building and maintaining
infrastructure, hiring and ensuring attendance of competent teaching
staff and mobilization process to improve enrollment rate especially in
higher secondary education.
 There is need of providing technical and vocational training to develop
the skills of electrician, mechanics, plumbers Etc.
 Clean drinking water should be provided to the people living in hurts,
hand pumps can be install to minimize the health hazards.
 Installation of common toilets is also required especially for the people
living in hurts.