Method and material for undergraduate health science students

1. By Nagasa Dida (B.Sc. in PH, MPH-HPE, Ass’t
Professor)
E-mail: nadibefe@yahoo.com
Cell-phone: +251913174508
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2.  Basically health education
.
 To do this, must
be presented
using .
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3. Cont’d…
is the way in which
messages are conveyed.
◦ Refer to how subject matter is going to be dealt
with in a broad sense
 It to what is
.
 It includes modern methods and
instruments and
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4. 4/25/2024 4

5.  Audio includes anything heard such as
, etc.
 Characteristics:
◦ They are effective when based on
◦ Could be when
.
◦ They can and are
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6.  A spoken word is a
or conveying an idea
 The
.
and who
can usually
.
describing are more
than those dealing with
.
◦ E.g., health center building, quality of health services
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7.  When , we
call it a
 The talks may be conducted with
or with a of
people.
 Group size
◦ Talks are good if conducted with small
gatherings ( ).
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8.  Discussion is important that People can
questions,
ideas, and
◦ Be .
the
of members of a group;
 Participation is easy in small groups.
 Do not accept silence as agreement or
understanding.
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9. In Preparing a Talk, Consider the ff:
; find out their needs and
interests.
;
◦ should be a single, simple topic.
;
◦ look for sources of facts or recent information.
◦ Prepare only a few main points.
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10. Cont’d…
.
◦ If you do , about
what to include in your talk.
, and to
emphasize your points.
; well chosen posters,
photos, etc. will help people learn.
7. ; this should
include telling of stories and showing of
posters and pictures.
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11. Cont’d…
8. Determine amount of .
◦ The talk, including should
take about .
or more for
.
◦ It should .
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12. Cont’d…
 Some
whether you can
or find a good interpreter.
.
what the .
to
by combining with any of
such as
etc
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13. Cont’d…
the .
to both
 Know that some error is and
admit.
is because of
.
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14.  Visuals include something seen, e.g., a
are not included under visuals.
.
◦ They can if of high quality
of the message
◦ Can
and
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15. such as
, etc
 Apart from , the written word
has been .
 Written words
so that they
.
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16.  It is a : E.g. giving
injection to a patient.
 For messages that need to be
,
 It of
issues related.
 Useful of the training is
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17. Cont’d…
such
as will
;
however, they
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18. Cont’d…
 The following concept is derived from
◦
 You Remember of what you
 You remember of what you , and
 You remember of what you & .
 With close to is remembered.
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19.  Are materials.
 They .
◦ For example a set is both .
 When they are , more
.
 Note also that different media
 Therefore, in communicating messages
, rather on the combination of the senses.
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20.  Are all
◦ A to
&
on the audience.
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21. 4/25/2024 21

22.  Radio as an important
means of information, education and
entertainment.
 At present,
which
 A radio
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23. ◦ This is the that can be
played on
using batteries.
◦ It is
 an
.
 Other:
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24. :
 A poster is a , often about
with words & pictures or
length
 It is widely by commercial firms
 They commonly serve three purposes:
i. To , e.g. beware of
AIDS!
ii. To , e.g. how to
prevent HIV / AIDS
iii. To ,
e.g. World AIDS day
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25. Cont’d…
:
should be in the
should be /it conveys best
single idea in a brief slogan with a
/
that illiterate people will also
understand should
should be used
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26. Cont’d…
:
◦ They should the
◦ They should be
◦ Could be
◦ Should be
◦ Do up for more than
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27. Cont’d…
 Made up of that are meant
to be .
 In this way,
can be presented e.g., .
 Their and
, or when
prepared with .
 Used
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28.  a sheet of printed paper, , that is
or
information.
 Leaflets can be
◦ if their , and
◦ if the by the reader.
 In preparing them,
should be used,
with
that are easily understood.
 They before distributed to
the villagers.
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29.  a publication
, together with features &
advertisements
 might be of some help in reaching the villagers.
 the
, or the people are unable to read
them.
 In this case, a newsletter,
, can become the
on a bulletin board or wall in a
(market, well, bar).
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30. Consists of up to about
.
it may be
but
.
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31. ◦ Is pleasant way of .
◦ Though it basically
◦ It also involves both
“ .”
: Help people learn new skills
 Examples
◦ Taking
◦ Taking to prevent pregnancy
◦ Using
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32. Cont’d…
◦ Demonstrations can be
◦ Demonstration teachings are
.
◦ It .
◦ When there is
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33. Cont’d…
must be
◦ Should
that are
for
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34. Cont’d…
: - is needed for
: -
◦ Allow for
: -
.
◦ When the , the most
important thing is
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35. Cont’d…
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36.  could be used in health education sessions on a
or
.
, and
, they can be
 The could
.
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37. :
 Television is a
that .
 In the , it serves as a
change.
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38. good for
and
 Can
◦ E.g., you can show
, ask for treatment at an STD
clinic, or ask a partner to use a condom.
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39. :
 Are that can
.
 Video films have many purposes.
◦ Some ,
◦ Some ,
◦ Others are .
 E.g., a video show helps to
 On the other hand, could be
sing videos
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40. :
◦ It make (handouts,
work book, poster, etc)
◦ It can be in its own, or as a
, e.g., in campaigns
(paper,
close, plastic packaging, etc)
◦ Printed material can be used in different ways.
◦ It can be just to be
away, or
◦ it can be a to be used and reused.
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41. Cont’d…
 Printed material can be
suited to any audience
 Material can be
 Printed material can be used and viewed freely;
(sometimes not even a class room)
printed material
and at their own speed-they can learn at
their own pace and read
 They can be
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42. Cont’d…
◦ They are (e.g.,
or with LCD
◦ The can
◦ They are and studies
◦ They can
within a short
period of time
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43. Limitations
 Printed materials
◦ May be and
◦ It can be as it may come in
many different shapes and sizes
may be due to
bulk and ,
etc
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44. Cont’d…
, e.g. If elaborate
materials and special finishes are required, or
if paper is in short supply
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45.  They are and
 They are often
 It may be
conditions and light levels
may be essential for successful communication
and
or
difficult to maintain
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46. Which approach is/are appropriate for our
Audience?
Individual
approach
Group approach Mass approach
1. Personal contact 1. Lectures 1. Television
2. Home visits 2. Demonstrations 2. Radio
3. Personal Letters 3. Discussion methods: 3. News paper
•Group discussion 4. Printed material
•Panel discussion 5. Direct mailing
•Symposium 6. Posters
•Workshop 7. Health museums
and exhibitions
•Conferences 8. Folk methods
•Seminars 9. Internet
•Role play

47. How to choose teaching methods
 When choosing teaching methods for a
particular session, you may consider the
following questions.
◦ Is the method ?
◦ Does the method require more background
knowledge or skills than the participants possess?
◦ How much and
then to use it in the learning session?
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48. Cont’d …
 Is that sort of with the adult
educator and adult learners?
 How much does the learning session
take?
 Is that kind of at the venue of
learning sessions?
 Is the
?
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49. Cont’d …
 What kind of teaching materials does it
require?
 Are those materials available?
 Does the method require special skills to
use?
 Does the adult educator possess these
skills?
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