- Medical education has changed dramatically from 1976 to 2013, driven by accelerating digital technology. - Old tools like textbooks, lectures, and notes are being replaced or supplemented by blogs, podcasts, videos, social media, online courses, and more that are mobile, flexible and push content to learners. - Connectivism has become an important learning theory that emphasizes sharing, collaboration and connections between learners and teachers. - Future education will continue to change, potentially incorporating wearable technology in schools with new expectations for always-on, sensor-enabled learning and more connected, collaborative approaches.

1. Meducation in 2013

2. Explore innovations in medical education
Predict what lies ahead…

3. 1976
Doctors on TV when I was a
medical student were mainly
conservative talented all-rounders
wearing white coats and ties

4. 1976
Medical education then – big lecture theatres, hand writing
notes from didactic speakers, no handouts or computers.
High tech was an overhead projector or a carefully filled
slide carousel

5. 1996
Doctors became more colourful and cool…

6. 1996
As an Emergency registrar, I mostly learned from ED tutorials and meetings, bedside teaching
and work. As I prepared myself for Fellowship exams I studied textbooks and made lots of notes
Personal computers had become available in mid 80s and I had one at home in ’96 but it was
mainly used for playing games with the kids

7. 2013

8. The tools for medical education, both to learn and to teach, have
dramatically changed in 2013

9. This is driven by the accelerating development and evolution of digital and web-based
technology that provide tools for us to use that are truly revolutionary. These tools are
accessible, flexible, mobile, entertaining, and enable pushing of content to learners

10. Sometimes learning has been depicted as acquiring a set amount of target knowledge,
deemed adequate for a certain role or career. As below on the escalator, this is a subset
of all knowledge available. But in reality its more like Escher stairs…

11. This is because the total amount known is constantly
expanding:
“The amount of knowledge in the world has doubled
in the past 10 years and is doubling every 18 months”
This makes life difficult for learners and teachers

12. So, most of us have been ekeing out a little wisdom along the way, and tried our
best to stay up to date with this information avalanche.
But the new tools have seen the rise of a new learning theory “Connectivism”
which emphasises the importance of sharing, collaborating and connecting, both
between learners, and between learners and their teachers

13. The standard tools
• textbooks
• journals
• small group tutorials
• bedside teaching/work
• conferences
• simulation
Time to replace some/all with newer tools?

14. Websites Social media
Blogs Podcasts
Video Apps
Webinars Online courses
MOOCs
New tools

15. Blogs

16. Blogs (short for weblog) ubiquitous, easy to access and rapidly multiplying in EM and
CCM. Huge range of non-medical as well. Regularly updated with new content, the
easiest way to follow them is to either:
a) Subscribe to the individual blog RSS feed or
b) Subscribe to “FOAM RSS”, which aggregates all daily updates from a wide range of
sites and sends you a daily email

17. Podcasts
Wide range of medical and non-medical topics like blogs. Great for auditory learners and
readily fit into life’s nooks and crannies. I listen whilst commuting on my bike, but great
for the train, shopping etc The LITFL review is a great introduction to these, and many
ways to access them, though I subscribe via iTunes

18. Twitter and Facebook are the two
most popular social media platforms,
I use the former which is growing
rapidly as an education tool.
There are many ways that it can aid
your learning and teaching including
alerting you to new information and
links to sites or images,…

19. Live broadcasting of
conference material ….

20. fostering debate, answering questions,
and having a laugh…

21. Video
Massive amount of online video available, I use Youtube for example, to show
procedures, and many other medical applications online.
Slideshare is an online collection of presentations which are free to use and share

23. Apps

24. Webinars
Wide dissemination of material in
online webinars facilitates learning
even to those remote from the site,
and enables interaction between
participants not readily possible
otherwise

25. Massive Online Open Courses
There is a growing movement in provision of high quality online
university course content, its free, available to all and may
revolutionise higher education delivery and cost.

26. 0
2
4
6
8
10
9/12 11/12 1/13 3/13
(MM)
Students Course Enrollment
35%
21%
28%
16%
North America Asia Europe Other
101Source: The Open University 3/13, & Coursera Company Data, 4/13.
0
20
40
60
6/08 3/09 1/10 11/10 9/11 7/12
Downloads(MM)
iTunes U
Open University Downloads, 6/08 – 3/13
Coursera
Users & Course Enrollment, 9/12 – 3/13
25%
16%
13%
46%
United States China UK Other
iTunes U Open University Downloads, by Region Coursera Users, by Region
Education Being Democratized =
Fast Global MOOC (Massively Open Online Course) User Growth

27. Re-Imagination of “Learning Tools” =
Twitter / YouTube / Google Docs / Google / WordPress
108
Company 2012 Rank 2009 Rank
Twitter 1 1
YouTube 2 3
Google Docs* 3 5
Google Search 4 8
WordPress 5 6
Dropbox 6 71
Skype 7 11
Powerpoint 8 13
Facebook 9 31
Wikipedia 10 17
Moodle 11 14
Evernote 12 27
Slideshare 13 7
Prezi 14 28
Blogger / BlogSpot 15 14
Source: Centre for Learning & Performance Technology (C4LPT) Top 100 Tools For Learning 2012.
C4LPT Ranking of Top Learning Tools
• 582 learning professionals
worldwide were asked to
provide their top 10 tools used
for learning in 2012 / 2009
• „Learning tool‟ is defined as any
tool that you could use to create
or deliver learning
content/solutions for others, or a
tool you use for your own
personal learning
• The 2012 survey compiled data
from 582 learning professionals
worldwide (55% working in
education & 45% in non-
educational organizations

28. So the old tools still have a place I believe, but in a modernised way
Conferences
These two recent meetings have been very connected and interactive, and thus
enabled a much wider dissemination of information to interested learners beyond the
paid up delegates. They employed novel educational and entertaining formats with a
connectivist approach a common theme.
Journals
There are now many ways to receive journal reviews and critiques from reliable and
credentialed reviewers, which frees us from trawling the literature ourselves if we lack
the discipline, skills or time to do so. Here are two of these:

29. Textbooks
Many options available now that free you from having to carry your hefty medical
tomes with you. These include online textbooks, and sites like Emedicine, UpToDate,
and more recently the Global Medical Education Project (GMEP)
Tutorials
The “Flipped classroom” model of teaching is an innovative, connected, collaborative
version of traditional small group teaching sessions. In this model, all participants
review content prior to meeting, thus enabling a more discussive/conversational flow
of information within the session. It frequently facilitates exploration of higher level
concepts and controversies as less time is spent on basic information delivery.

30. How to start?
1. Subscribe to LITFL, and
read these regular reviews
2. Subscribe to FOAM EM RSS, and
check out your daily email feed for
areas of interest
3. Join Twitter and follow half a dozen
or so people who tweet regularly about
EM,CCM or other topics that interest
you

31. Here’s an example of how Ian Miller in
Canberra takes these tools to a higher
level to enhance his learning, and
shares it with others
I also highly recommend Evernote and
Dropbox as examples of tools which
synchronise across all of your devices
and enhance your storage of content
for later sharing

32. 2020?
In the future, the tools, students and teachers will all change…

35. Hands-Free
Always-On
Environment
-Aware
Connected
Attention-
Getting
Development
Platform
Sensor-Enabled Wearable Attributes
• GPS
• Accelerometer
• Compass
• Camera
• Microphone
• Other Sensors
• Wi-Fi
• 3G / 4G
• Bluetooth
• NFC
• Low power
consumption
• Instant wake
• Background
working /
sensing
• Less distracting
when receiving
alerts /
reminders /
messages
• 3rd party apps
• API partners
• Accessories
• Voice / gesture
control
53Source: MIT, KPCB.

36. Schools are looking different
now, and students who learn in
these new open plan
environments will have
different expectations.
methods and capabilities

37. The new teachers are cooler, funnier and more creative than
before too…

38. The key aim for all of us in the future is to become more connected and
collaborative with our learners, colleagues and teachers. Many of the newer
tools enabled by digital technology will facilitate this change, and its likely that
wearable technology is coming soon…