Video technology was first developed for cathode ray tube television systems. The basic principles of image reproduction in film and video have their roots in still photography, using light and photosensitive materials. There are three main types of cameras - still cameras, moving cameras, and video cameras. Moving cameras use the persistence of vision, where the eye retains images slightly longer than exposed to create a smooth transition between frames. Film formats include 35mm, 16mm, 8mm, 65mm/70mm with larger formats providing better quality but being more expensive. Video cameras work by converting light into electrical signals through image sensors like CCD chips divided into pixels that read brightness levels.

1. VIDEO TECHNOLOGY Prepared by: NESTOR S. ABROGENA JR INSTRUCTOR-1 / VIDEO TRACK HEAD DESIGN FOUNDATION, SCHOOL OF DESIGN AND ARTS COLLEGE OF SAINT BENILDE

2. VIDEO TECHNOLOGY WAS FIRST DEVELOPED FOR CATHODE RAY TUBE TELEVISION SYSTEMS

3. CATHODE RAY TUBE

4. BASIC IMAGE FOR FILM & VIDEO HAD ITS ROOTS IN STILL PHOTOGRAPHY REPRODUCTION

5. LIGHT PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIAL ARE THE ELEMENTS OF IMAGE REPRODUCTION AND A

7. STILL CAMERA

8. MOVING CAMERA

9. MOVING CAMERA: PERSISTENCE OF VISION - SINCE THE EYE RETAINS IMAGES SLIGHTLY LONGER THAN IT IS ACTUALLY EXPOSED TO THEM , IT TENDS TO MELD 2 SUCCESSIVE IMAGES INTO ONE , CREATING A SMOOTH TRANSITION BET, THEM.

20. ASPECT RATIO WIDTH OF THE FRAME DIVIDED BY THE HEIGHT

21. 4:3 / 1.33:1 -STANDARD TV - 4 UNITS WIDE FOR EVERY 3 UNITS OF HEIGHT

23. 2.35:1 -ANAMORPHIC -VERY WIDE SCREEN; WHEN SHOOTING, SQUEEZE THE WIDTH THEN UNSQUEEZED IN PROJECTION, WIDENING ORIGINAL ASPECT RATIO

26. RULE OF THUMB THE LARGER THE FORMAT, THE BETTER THE QUALITY , THE MORE EXPENSIVE IT IS TO SHOOT AND THE HEAVIER THE EQUIPMENT TO USE.

27. VIDEO CAMERA

28. HOW DO VIDEO CAMERAS WORK? LIGHT IS CONVERTED INTO AN ELECTRICAL SIGNAL, EACH FRAME OF INFORMATION DOESN’T FLOW THROUGH THE ELECTRICAL CABLE AT ONCE AN ELECTRON BEAM SCANS ACROSS THE PICTURE FROM ONE SIDE TO THE OTHER. THE LEVEL OF BRIGHTNESS AND DARKNESS IS READ AND TRANSMITTED THE VIDEO IMAGE IS MADE UP OF A SERIES OF HORIZONTAL LINES BUT THE SCANNING PROCESS IS SO FAST THAT OUR EYES SEE THE FRAME AS A WHOLE UNIFIED PICTURE

34. THE RASTER SCAN HORIZONTAL LINES STARTING AT THE TOP, FROM LEFT TO RIGHT 2 TYPES OF SCANNING PROGRESSIVE - IN ORDER FROM TOP TO BOTTOM INTERLACED - SCANS EVERY OTHER LINE, STARTING WITH ODD LINES (1,3,5…625), THEN EVEN LINES (2,4,6…624)

35. THE RASTER SCAN

36. FRAME TWO FIELDS SHOWN IN RAPID SUCCESSION THERE ARE 25 FRAMES PER SECOND WITH 50 FIELDS PER SECOND (PAL) / 24 FPS WITH 60 FIELDS PER SECOND (NTSC). THE CAMERA PROCESSES 15, 625 LINES OF PICTURE INFORMATION PER SECOND

37. CAMERA IMAGE SENSOR RESPONSIBLE FOR TRANSFORMING LIGHT INTO ELECTRICAL SIGNAL CCD- (CHARGED COUPLE DEVICE) LIGHT SENSITIVE COMPUTER CHIP DIVIDED INTO PIXELS (PICTURE ELEMENTS) VERY FINE GRID SOPT-TINY LIGHT METERS THAT READS THE BRIGHTNESS OF LIGHT AT THAT SPOT

38. WORLD COLOR TV STANDARDS NTSC (NATIONAL TELEVISION SYSTEM COMMITTEE) – 525/60 INTERLACED LINES; 30 FPS, USED IN US, CANADA, JAPAN, PHILIPPINES PAL (PHASE ALTERNATING LINE) – 625/50 LINES; 25 FPS, USED IN UK, WESTERN EUROPE, PARTS AFRICA, MIDDLE EAST, AUSTRALIA, CHINA SECAM (SÉQUENTIEL COULEUR ÀVEC MÉMOIRE) – OR SEQUENTIAL COLOR WITH MEMORY / SYSTEME ELECTRONIQUE POUR COLEUR AVEC MEMOIRE- 625/50 LINES; 25 FPS, USED IN FRANCE, EASTERN EUROPE, PARTS OF AFRICA AND RUSSIA

39. FILM / VIDEO OUTPUT NARRATIVE EXPERIMENTAL ANIMATION DOCUMENTARY

40. BRANCHED OUT FORMS MUSIC VIDEO TV COMMERCIALS (TVC) PUBLIC SERVICE ANNOUNCEMENT / INFOMERCIAL CORPORATE VIDEO / AUDIOVISUAL PRESENTATION (AVP)

41. STAGES OF PRODUCTION PRE-PRODUCTION PRODUCTION POST PRODUCTION ADPROM

42. THE WHO’S IN THE PRODUCTION PRODUCER DIRECTOR CINEMATOGRAPHER PRODUCTION DESIGNER ASSISTANT DIRECTOR PRODUCTION MANAGER SOUND RECORDIST / ENGINEER EDITOR MUSICAL SCORER ADPROM PRODUCTION ASSISTANT