Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,sisternakatoto
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These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
DISSERTATION on NEW DRUG DISCOVERY AND DEVELOPMENT STAGES OF DRUG DISCOVERYNEHA GUPTA
The process of drug discovery and development is a complex and multi-step endeavor aimed at bringing new pharmaceutical drugs to market. It begins with identifying and validating a biological target, such as a protein, gene, or RNA, that is associated with a disease. This step involves understanding the target's role in the disease and confirming that modulating it can have therapeutic effects. The next stage, hit identification, employs high-throughput screening (HTS) and other methods to find compounds that interact with the target. Computational techniques may also be used to identify potential hits from large compound libraries.
Following hit identification, the hits are optimized to improve their efficacy, selectivity, and pharmacokinetic properties, resulting in lead compounds. These leads undergo further refinement to enhance their potency, reduce toxicity, and improve drug-like characteristics, creating drug candidates suitable for preclinical testing. In the preclinical development phase, drug candidates are tested in vitro (in cell cultures) and in vivo (in animal models) to evaluate their safety, efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics. Toxicology studies are conducted to assess potential risks.
Before clinical trials can begin, an Investigational New Drug (IND) application must be submitted to regulatory authorities. This application includes data from preclinical studies and plans for clinical trials. Clinical development involves human trials in three phases: Phase I tests the drug's safety and dosage in a small group of healthy volunteers, Phase II assesses the drug's efficacy and side effects in a larger group of patients with the target disease, and Phase III confirms the drug's efficacy and monitors adverse reactions in a large population, often compared to existing treatments.
After successful clinical trials, a New Drug Application (NDA) is submitted to regulatory authorities for approval, including all data from preclinical and clinical studies, as well as proposed labeling and manufacturing information. Regulatory authorities then review the NDA to ensure the drug is safe, effective, and of high quality, potentially requiring additional studies. Finally, after a drug is approved and marketed, it undergoes post-marketing surveillance, which includes continuous monitoring for long-term safety and effectiveness, pharmacovigilance, and reporting of any adverse effects.
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic ApproachAyurveda ForAll
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
ABDOMINAL TRAUMA in pediatrics part one.drhasanrajab
Abdominal trauma in pediatrics refers to injuries or damage to the abdominal organs in children. It can occur due to various causes such as falls, motor vehicle accidents, sports-related injuries, and physical abuse. Children are more vulnerable to abdominal trauma due to their unique anatomical and physiological characteristics. Signs and symptoms include abdominal pain, tenderness, distension, vomiting, and signs of shock. Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging studies, and laboratory tests. Management depends on the severity and may involve conservative treatment or surgical intervention. Prevention is crucial in reducing the incidence of abdominal trauma in children.
Identification and nursing management of congenital malformations .pptx
Victory Over Neck And Back Pain Dr Shriniwas Kashalikar
1. VICTORY
OVER
NECK AND BACK
PAIN
BY
DR. SHRINIWAS
JANARDAN
KASHALIKAR
2. INTRODUCTION
I had following and many questions in
my mind, about ailments and healing.
Would I like to keep ailing like many
others are?
Would I like to go from doctor to
doctor belonging to different systems
of medicine as others are?
Would I like to go through a vicious
chain or cycle of expensive
investigations and subsequent
admonition [without any guarantee of
health and happiness] as many of us
are forced to go through?
3. Would I like to spend exorbitant
money on treatment, as many have to
spend?
Would I like to be eternally dependent
on medical professionals belonging to
some or other particular system of
medicine or a healer of some kind or
other as many of us depending?
Would I like to live in the threatening
shadow of disease and death forever as
many others are living?
The answer was a big NO.
This was probably why; I, as a medical
student and later as a
medical professional; kept on working
on this issue and realized;
that all medical systems of are part of
one single PATH OF HEALING. In
4. fact in the course of time I realized
that all the fields
of knowledge and art, could contribute
to the health or disease of an
individual and society. This is the
concept of HOLISTIC
MEDICINE.
But what was the HOLISTIC
MEDICINE expected to do?
Was it to impart only physical health?
No. So-called health, which
is determined by and endorsed by
laboratory and other
investigations, considers only physical
well being. But physical
well-being is not at all a true indicator
of health. A person cannot be judged
in the same way as we judge a statue.
A person is judged by his or her
5. actions. The actions in turn spring
from one’s
instincts, emotions, thoughts and
perspective.
HOLISTIC HEALTH therefore is
nothing else but a process of acquiring
the perspective of global welfare,
policies and plans and commitment to
these and
coordinated and concerted efforts of
experts in that direction from different
walks of life! Holistic Medicine is
understanding and practicing the
wisdom in their respective fields, for
the well being of one and all is the key
to HOLISTIC HEALTH which I call
TOTAL STRESS MANAGEMENT
also.
This small book is a humble effort in
that direction.
6. Precautions:
1. In this book you will find a variety
of remedies. It is important to be
aware of the legislations involved in
the use of the different
remedies.
2. It is quite possible that concurrent
use some of these remedies may not be
acceptable to some medical
practitioners.
3. It is also true that I do not have
clinical trials to quote;
for some of these remedies.
4. The quality of a particular
product is something I cannot vouch
on at all.
5. Some of the remedies may require
doctor’s prescription.
7. 6. Some of the YOGASANAs or other
procedures/endeavors may require
expert guidance.
7. It is also important to note that we
are different individuals with
different constitutions. We are of
different age groups and genders.
We may vary in terms of different
physiological conditions such as
pregnancy, menstruation and
lactation. These variable factors alter
the efficacy and safety of medications
and practice of yogasanas or exercises.
8. The ailment may have
different causes and the stage of the
ailment may also vary.
9. We may have different histories of
past and family illnesses.
10. These different considerations may
limit the utility of this book.
8. However this book would surely
provide you, with new options for
substantial improvement in your
HOLISTIC HEALTH irrespective
of whether you belong to a non-
medical or a medical profession.
DR. SHRINIWAS KASHALIKAR
AYURVEDA
• Mix Manjishtha and Guggul in cold
water and release drop
9. by drop in the nostrils
• Dashamularishta 1-3 tea spoon ful
1-3 three times a day
• Rumalaya ointment and tablets.
Ointment to be rubbed in a
gentle manner without bringing it in
contact with eyes or
mucous membranes and tablet should
be taken 1-2 tablets 1-3
times a day depending upon your
tolerance.
• Sameer yograj Guggul 250 mg three
times a day
• Urad oil [Extract of Urad in Sesame
i.e. Til oil] to be released
in nostrils, taken orally 1-2 tea
spoonful 1-2 times a day
according to your tolerance
• Drink Urad quath i.e. boiled urad
extract
• Put drops urad extract in nose
10. • Atasyadi gutika. The pills of Alsi,
devadar and sunth. 1 to 3
pills 1to 3 times a day according to
your comfort.
• You can tie a leaf of rui or errand
and foament the area.
• Drink 1 to 3 teaspoon ful of neem
and bala root extracts
• Combination of Trifala Guggul and
4 parts and Vatavidhvans
2 parts to be taken in the dose 250 mg
three times a day.
ALLOPATHY
1] Anti-inflammatory drugs such as
Ibuprofen, Diclofenac sodium,
Diclofenac potassium, Aspirin, 1 to 2
tablets 1 to3 times a day
according to the severity and always
after food.
11. These drugs should not be taken on
empty stomach, in case of
acidity problems and in association
with alcohol.
There are pain killers such as
dextropropxyphene and paracetamol.
Sometimes muscle relaxants such as
Chlorzoxazone in the dose of
250 mg 1 to 3 times a day or diazepam
in the dose 2 mg three
times a day are advised
Sometimes combinations of above
drugs are used.
Artiflex [plus]
• Chlorzoxazone 250 mg
• Ibuprofen 400 mg
• Paracetamol 300 mg
Chlorizok
• Chlorzoxazone 250 mg
• Diclofenac potassium 50 mg
• Paracetamol 325 mg
12. Agile MR
• Chlorzoxazone 300 mg
• Diclofenac potassium 50 mg
• Paracetamol 300 mg
are some of the combinations.
2] Hot and cold fomentation
3] Short wave diathermy provided by
physiotherapist [physical
therapists]
4] Treatment by ultra sound
vibrations given through ultra sound
machine by physiotherapist [physical
therapists]
5] Traction is vertical stretching given
with traction machine by
physiotherapist [physical therapists]
6] Cervical collar usually advised by
doctors and provided by the
agencies manufacturing or retailing it
7] Belladonna plaster usually available
with chemists and can be
13. applied on the painful region
8] In severe cases some times
decompression of the nerve roots in
the particular region of the vertebral
column is done is done by
surgery
EXERCISE
1] Suryanamaskar
2] Shoulder exercises
3] The physical training exercises
4] Neck exercises
5] Exercises of toes, feet, knee, fingers,
wrists, elbows while on
sedentary job
WALKING
1] The care to be taken
2] Namasmaran while walking
Synchronizing the namsmaran with
foot steps and with abdominal
breathing
14. 3] Climbing the staircases
4] Trekking
DIET
Nachani, bajara, jwar, patni,
shingada, soyabean,
Different oils
Green leafy vegetables
Seasonal fruits
Use of sprouted beans
POSTURE
Alexander technique of integrated
posture
Erect seating, standing, walking
UTILITIES
Avoid foam cushion, foam pillow and
foam bed
Avoid gust of ceiling fan
15. Avoid high heals use platform shoes if
you want to look taller
Use of towel roll under neck
Sleeping in lateral position
Covering of the neck to avoid severe
cold breeze or wind.
MORNING ABLUTIONS
Gum and palate massage
Washing of face
BODY MOVEMENTS
Avoid jerks
Avoid lifting heavy articles bringing
strain on back or neck
YOGA
(Physical Hathayoga Techniques)
Makarasan, Bhujangasan,
Dhanurasan, Shalabhasan, Vakrasan,
Simhamudra, Brahmamudra,
16. Nasikagra Drishti, Bhrumadhya,
dristhi, Kapalbhati
Avoid sheershasan, halasan,
sarvangasan, viparitkarani in acute,
conditions.
MASSAGE
Gentle massage along the length of the
muscles with Mahanarayan
or other suitable oil. Til oil is also
good.
HOMEOPATHY
Rhododendron >< 30, 2 to 4 pills 3 to 4
times a day. This is
especially useful if there is tingling and
numbness in upper
extremities i.e. arms and hands
reaching up to fingertips.
OSTEOPATHY
17. Manual Traction
Mobilization
Exercises
One could find many more techniques
and remedies from books, but,
The most important healing
principle
is to get out of the trap of forces of
pettiness which trap you and suffocate
you without your being aware of them!
To succeed in this, practice
NAMSMARAN daily irrespective of
illusory threatening times and
difficulties and the agonies produced
by them.
Dr. Shriniwas Kashalikar