major methods of vegetable production, storage and proceccing.

2. Vegetable Production
Technologies in
Pakistan
By:
Ahmad Raza Khalid

3. Contents:
• Importance of Vegetables
• Vegetables’ Production Methods
• Handling and Processing Technologies
• Merits
• Demerits
• Future Thrusts
• Conclusion

4. Importance of
Vegetables
• Vegetables offer good value in terms of
nutrients.
• poor countries grow and consume
much more vegetables for their main
food requirements.
• The current national horticulture
exports are about 400 million US$.
• A prominent share in national GDP.
• Some of the facts about vegetable
production in Pakistan are as follows;

5. Area of vegetables including potato and
condiments in Pakistan (2002-03 to 2011-12)

6. Production of vegetables including potato and
condiments in Pakistan (2002-03 to 2011-12)

7. Vegetable Production
Methods
The methods of vegetables’
production, practiced
commonly in Pakistan are
these;
Organic Farming
Low Tunnel Farming
Hydroponics

8. Organic Farming
• The USDA defines organic agriculture as
"a production system that is managed to
respond to site-specific conditions by
integrating cultural, biological, and
mechanical practices that foster cycling of
resources, promote ecological balance, and
conserve biodiversity.“
• More specifically, organic farming entails:
Use of cover crops, green manures, animal
manures and crop rotations to fertilize the
soil, maximize biological activity and
maintain long-term soil health.
Use of biological control, crop rotations
and other techniques to manage weeds,
insects and diseases.

9. Low Tunnel
Farming
Low tunnels are less expensive as
compared to the High tunnels but
crop yield is low.
Soil preparation, spraying and
picking is difficult in this type of
tunnel.
Cucumber, melons, watermelons,
bitter gourds, squashes, and snake
gourds etc. can be grown in this
type of tunnels.

10. Hydroponics
Hydroponics system farming is an
agricultural practice where the
cultivation of plants is done without
the use of soil.
Plants are planted in mineral
solutions (water) without soil.
This practice dates back a long time
ago, and it is thought that it was first
used in Hanging Gardens of Babylon.
This practice dates back a long time
ago, and it is thought that it was first
used in Hanging Gardens of Babylon.

11. Other Technologies
•Vegetable Grafting
•Tissue Culturing
•GMOs

12. Handling &
Processing Methods
•Storage in large cold
storages.
•Freezing of vegetables.
•Drying.
•Canning.
•Pickling.
•Salting.
•Vacuum packing etc.

13. Merits of Technologies
• More to many folds Yield.
• Easy to Handle.
• Controlled environment in hydroponics allows to grow off-
season crops.
• Maturity index and good handling helps to improve shelf
life after harvest.
• Enhanced quality of produce.
• Storage for long periods of time enables to use the product
for longer times.

14. Demerits
• Cost for establishment are more than traditional methods, small
farmers can not pay for.
• Organic farming gives quality produce but very less in quantity that
can not fulfill needs of huge population.

15. Future Thrusts
• Off-Season Vegetable Production
• Popularization of Kitchen Gardening
• Seed Self-Sufficiency
• Development of Hybrid Seeds
• Organic Vegetable Production

16. Conclusion
• Vegetables are of vital importance for a country.
• There are advancements in this field but still need
more improvements to fulfill the needs of people.
• Technologies to improve the quality and quantity of
produce can help to meet the needs of society.

17. References
• Hydroponics Agriculture by Dr. Rai Niaz Ahmad
• Production Status Of Major Vegetables In Pakistan, Their Problems
And Suggestions January 13, 2014 By Khalid Mahmood Khokhar
• Pakistan’s Vegetables | Agribusiness Pakistan 6/11/2019
• FUTURE RESEARCH THRUSTS FOR VEGETABLES IN PAKISTAN –
AgriHunt 6/11/2019
• ttps://agrihunt.com/articles/pak-agri-outlook/future-research-
thrusts-for-vegetables-in-pakistan/
• https://www.tunnel-farming.com/types-of-tunnel-farming/low-
tunnel/