Violeta Manoukian is an experienced consultant specializing in community development, gender analysis, poverty reduction strategies, and participatory monitoring and evaluation. She has over 20 years of experience working in over 20 countries in Latin America, Africa, Asia, and the Caribbean. Her experience includes advising governments on developing poverty reduction strategies, conducting social and gender assessments, and designing and implementing participatory appraisal programs. She is fluent in English, Spanish, and French.

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VIOLETA MANOUKIAN
E-mail: vmanoukian@comcast.net
MAIN AREAS OF INTEREST:
Senior consultant specializing in community driven development (CDD), gender analysis, participatory
monitoring and evaluation (PME), poverty reduction strategy (PRS), poverty and social impact analysis
(PSIA), participation and social assessments (SA), participatory poverty appraisal (PPA), training of local
leadership and capacity building as well as institutional development.
MAIN ACHIEVEMENTS:
• Several assignments in Community Driven Development (CDD) and Participatory Monitoring and
Evaluation (PME)
• Poverty Reduction Strategy Advisor to D.R. Congo, Haiti, Rwanda, Guyana, and Malawi
• Conduct Social and Gender assessments in Bangladesh, Peru, Haiti, Ecuador, Brazil, Trinidad and
Tobago
• Design, implementation and analysis of Participatory Poverty Appraisal (PPA), D.R. Congo
Fluent in English, Spanish, and French, with working knowledge of Portuguese. Demonstrated ability in
team building, communication, and negotiation skills.
Over twenty years of professional involvement in development efforts in Argentina, Armenia, Bangladesh,
Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ecuador, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti,
Malawi, Mexico, Nepal, Nigeria, Pakistan, Peru, Rwanda, Sri Lanka, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, and
Canada.
EDUCATION
M.A. International Affairs (Development Studies)
Carleton University, Ottawa
B.A. International Affairs (Development Studies)
University of Colorado, Boulder
Ngeton School Certificate in Buddhist Studies
Naropa University, Boulder, Colorado
Professional Training:
• Certificate of Equity-focused Evaluation (UNICEF/International Organization for
Cooperation in Evaluation)
• Outcome Mapping (International Development Research Centre, Ottawa)
• Gender & Social Analysis (CIDA, Ottawa)
• Conflict Resolution Certificate (St. Paul University, Ottawa)
• PRA -Participatory Rural Appraisal (Robert Chambers, Ottawa)
• Strategic Planning, Team Leadership, and Facilitation (Institute of Cultural Affairs,
Toronto)
• Participatory LFA design and Project Management (TEAM-UP, Washington D.C.)
• Future Search Facilitation (Colorado & Toronto)
• Participatory Action Research (Concejo de Educación de Adultos de America
Latina, Santiago)
• Citizen Participation (Institute for Participatory Management and Planning,
Monterey, California)
• Participatory Needs Analysis (CEPAUR, Santiago)

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CONSULTING EXPERIENCE
UN Women - Expert Consultations in the context of the UN System-wide Action Plan (UN-SWAP) for
Gender Equality and Empowerment, Geneva (2014)
Invited by UN Women as a gender expert to attend consultations held in Geneva to discuss the UN-SWAP
for Gender and Women's Empowerment. The objectives of the workshop included presentation, discussion
and update of: (i) UN-SWAP technical notes, (ii) good practices and experiences of UN entities of SWAP
relevant indicators, (iii) developments and inter-governmental processes, and (iv) the UN-SWAP 2014 and
web-based reporting system.
UNDP and DFID – Monitoring of Women's Empowerment in Bangladesh Urban Partnerships for
Poverty Reduction/UPPR (2013)
Elaboration of UPPR's "Women's Empowerment Scorecard" by gathering qualitative field data from a
sample of urban centers, analysis of data, design and field test of empowerment scorecard with indicators
chosen by poor women themselves. UPPR uses a Community Driven Development (CDD) approach and is
the largest urban poverty reduction initiative in Bangladesh and one of the largest in the world. US$120
million are being provided by DFID and UNDP to improve the livelihoods and living conditions of three
million urban poor. Using a multidimensional approach UPPR creates space and synergies for the most
vulnerable members of the communities and empowers them to make development decisions, especially
the extreme poor and women. Women constitute 98% of UPPR primary group (PG) membership and
occupy all positions at each of the four levels of leadership, i.e. at PG, Community Development Committee
(CDC), CDC Cluster, and Federation levels. These responsibilities empower women politically and also
facilitate their ability to influence policy decisions.
DFID and Action Against Hunger – Nigeria Rapid Socio Cultural Assessment (2011-2012)
Conduct a Rapid Socio-Cultural Assessment (RSCA) and define a comprehensive community mobilization
strategy for Jigawa State in support of the program Working to Improve Nutrition in Northern Nigeria
(WINNN). Identify key stakeholders in the state and their relationships within the socio-political, economic,
religious, and health sectors. Prepare terms of reference, interview and hire a twelve-member local team to
gather field data in twelve communities in nine local government jurisdictions. Design assessment tools and
deliver training to team members. Code and analyse gender disaggregated fieldwork data using a
qualitative data analysis program to conduct gender analysis and describe community organization and
groups, formal and informal channels of communication, dietary habits and health seeking behaviours, daily
and seasonal calendars, and contextual barriers to access to health services. Prepare a report in
consultation with stakeholders including recommendations for community mobilization and tools for
participatory monitoring and evaluation (PME).
UN Women – Gender Equality in New Aid Modalities (2011)
UN WOMEN is interested in exploring models, theories, experiences and perspectives that discuss the
promotion of gender equality through new aid modalities and intends to publish a series of articles written by
specialists that address this topic. The publication will address a wide audience from civil society to
governmental representatives, donor agencies and academia thus priority will be given to analytical, but
easy-to-read texts that have a capacity building, dissemination and awareness-raising orientation.
Preparation of the article entitled “Financing through PRSPs: A Gender Perspective” to be part of a
consolidated publication with written articles on nine different topics related to Gender and New Aid
Modalities that will be published in English, French and Spanish. It will be edited in its printed and digital
editions and will be electronically accessible on the UN Women website.

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All-Party Parliamentary Group for the Prevention of Genocide and Other Crimes Against Humanity,
Ottawa – (2009-2010)
Provide socio-economic analysis and technical advice related to policy briefings, round-table discussions,
and report writing in support of the Group’s work towards genocide prevention as the fundamental test for
the international community. Increase the flow of information and recommendations to Parliamentarians
about genocide prevention and the responsibility to protect. Contributed to writing and public discussion of
the Group’s Report entitled “A Humanitarian Crisis and A New Way Forward in the Democratic Republic of
Congo”. The Group’s challenge is to support a growing international regime to thwart further atrocities and
provide justice to survivors. It aims to ensure that the lessons are remembered, disseminated and applied.
UNICEF – Realities of Women and Children in the Democratic Republic of Congo: A Case Study
(2007-2009)
Preparation of a case study on the realities of women and children in D.R. Congo based on the analysis of
data from: (i) the Participatory Poverty Appraisal (PPA) conducted in the 11 provinces of the country from
October, 2004 till February, 2005; (ii) the Provincial Monographs prepared in the process of PRSP
elaboration; and (iii) relevant quantitative surveys, This report is intended to serve not only as an update of
the current situation of children and women, but also for the purposes of economic planning, sensitization,
and policy advocacy.
The World Bank – Participation and Civil Society Advisor for Haiti Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper
(2007)
Provide advice and training to counterparts in the Haiti Ministry of Planning and External Cooperation
(MCPE), the National PRSP Council, and the PRSP Technical Secretariat in how to hold a participatory
process and involve civil society, drawing upon experiences with PRSPs in other countries. Encourage the
government to open participation in the PRSP process to a wide range of civil society groups. Assist the
government in developing a communications strategy for the participatory process of the PRSP. Meet with
representatives of civil society groups to facilitate their participation in the PRSP process. Inform
international donors as to how they can encourage and support the participatory process.
United Nations Development Program – Design of the Economic Development and Poverty
Reduction Strategy (EDPRS), Rwanda (2006)
The first Rwandan PRS has provided a number of key lessons in design and practice. The implementation
of the second generation Economic Development and Poverty Reduction Strategy (EDPRS) provided the
stage to address these issues. Acted as Team Leader to: (i) ensure and build national ownership through
tailored capacity building; (ii) enhance organizational and institutional development towards an achievable
and appropriately focused EDPRS; (iii) develop a result orientated EDPRS within an M&E framework; and
(iv) develop an EDPRS that fosters social cohesion and is holistic, establishing synergies with other
strategies and reform programs.
DFID (Department for International Development, UK) — Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper Advisor
to Democratic Republic of Congo (2004/5)
The Government of D.R. Congo carried out a carefully designed Poverty Reduction Strategy Process.
Worked as PRSP Advisor responsible for the design of methodology and data gathering tools, training of
NGOs and civil servants carrying out fieldwork, plus the quality control of DRC’s Participatory Poverty
Appraisal (PPA). PPA fieldwork was carried out in the eleven provinces of DRC from October 2004 to
February 2005 with a total of 35,750 participants throughout the country. Member of the team responsible
for the analysis of PPA data and preparation of final report. Acting as social analyst and participatory
development specialist, provide advise and expertise to the process of social cohesion and capacity building
related to the participatory consultations and monitoring and evaluation [PME} carried out by ten NGOs
responsible for the PPA and the Sectoral and Thematic Groups in charge of the PRSP.

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The World Bank — Scaling up Community Driven Development (CDD): Case Study of
Decentralization and Regional Development, Mexico (2003)
Participate in a multi-region scaling up of CDD Action Research project aiming to apply and test an
analytical framework for scaling up CDD of several on-going operations. The Mexico case study is an
impact evaluation spanning the decade of the 90s in the evolution of the Decentralization and Regional
Development project [DRD I & II], when these efforts underwent a transformation, leaping from the level of
innovative boutique to then become Mexico’s national law dealing with decentralization and local
empowerment. The projects’ innovative approaches to organizational and institutional development allowed
1,100 municipalities to operate like municipal social funds, mobilizing latent management capacities. In
1997, a new law transferred funds to municipalities directly from the federal budget, without going through
state governments, thus scaling up empowerment.
The World Bank — Chile: Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation (PME) Workshop (2003)
The World Bank collaborated with the government of Chile to support a major reform of social policy
instruments in Chile. One of the reforms being supported was the design and implementation of a
Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation (PME) system for the ‘Chile Solidario’ program. However, neither
the government implementing agency nor civil society organizations had prior experience in developing and
managing such as system. The objective of this assignment was to collaborate with the World Bank task
team in the design, preparation of materials, and facilitation of a workshop in Santiago to familiarize all
relevant stakeholders with the basic concepts of PME and the different methodologies, the tools, and the
intro- and inter-institutional options available.
The World Bank — Scaling up Community Driven Development (2002)
Community driven development (CDD) is an approach that aims to empower communities and local
governments with resources and the authority to use these flexibly, thus taking control of their development.
The Scaling Up CDD Framework seeks to identify ways to create well-designed, field-tested models of CDD
that can be scaled up rapidly. The consultant translated this analytical framework into an operational tool for
a CDD Action Research project, producing research guidelines and training consultants in a practical and
consistent methodical approach for conducting case studies of successful CDD efforts in diverse urban and
rural contexts and across global regions.
The World Bank — Armenia: Capacity Building in Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation (2002)
The available literature on Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation (PME) and the evidence from the field
show that PME training helps to build the capacity of NGOs and other stakeholders to analyse and take
action at every level of implementation: micro, meso and macro. Contribute to the design and facilitation of a
PME training event in Yerevan, Armenia. The objectives of this event were to support Armenian
stakeholders and the Armenian World Bank Country Team to: (I) become familiar with PME institutional
approaches and organizational experiences, and (ii) explore the relevance and applicability of these
approaches in the context of their work [e.g. application of PME to Armenia’s PRSP].
The World Bank — Inventory of the World Bank’s Experience with Participatory Monitoring and
Evaluation (2002)
The objective of the consultancy was to assist in taking stock of current experience with Participatory
Monitoring and Evaluation (PME) in the World Bank’s operations by: (i) establishing an inventory of PME
cases: (ii) analysing and reviewing the experience in terms of the purposes and the conceptual approach
taken, regional and sectoral differences and the critical factors for applying and mainstreaming PME; and
(iii) examining the case material with regard to its suitability for further elaboration as best practice, case
studies and its inclusion in the participation homepage of the World Bank. The stocktaking considered

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recent and significant past experience across all global regions and sectors, both in urban and rural
contexts and investment as well as programmatic lending.
The Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) — Gender Equality and Participatory
Monitoring and Evaluation of Malawi’s Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper [PRSP] (2002)
The third draft of Malawi’s final PRSP was released in early December 2001 and was circulated for
comment before its submission to the World Bank. Donors were asked by the Government of Malawi to
submit a coordinated written response to this document. The consultant reviewed Malawi’s PRSP and
prepare CIDA’s response proposing a participatory monitoring and evaluation strategy of Malawi’s Poverty
Reduction Strategy. The report included a brief analytical commentary followed by recommendations for
strengthening the Stakeholder Participation and Gender Equality aspects of the PRSP.
The Asian Development Bank Headquarters — Handbook on Participatory Development (2001)
Drafting of a complete participatory development handbook covering: (i) fundamentals such as the concept,
its history, benefits and requirements; (ii) specific methods and tools for use with both communities and
organizations from local NGOs to national government departments; (iii) applications for research as well as
for planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of projects; (iv) linkages to reference materials on
the internet and elsewhere; (v) explicit suggestions for applying participation under the new Asian
Development Bank business practices; and (vi) decisions required for ensuring that time and financial
support are provided for satisfactory participatory work.
The Asian Development Bank and the Government of Nepal — Consensus Building in the Melamchi
Water Supply Project (2001)
Under the Melamchi Water Supply Project, 170,000 m3/day of water are to be transferred from the
Melamchi Valley to the Kathmandu Valley via a 26 km tunnel. Therefore, the people of the Melamchi
Valley, the Kathmandu consumers, and the Government of Nepal had to agree on the benefits to be given
to the Melamchi Valley community associated with the transfer of water. In consultation with stakeholders,
the consultant designed and facilitated participatory strategic planning activities and developed a framework
and program for consensus building and social cohesion among stakeholders. The stakeholder teams
formed are to carry out agreed upon action plans leading to the signing of formal agreements on areas of
concern such as water sharing parameters, water tariff to be paid by consumers, and levy to be paid to
Melamchi Valley residents.
The World Bank — Review of Guyana PRSP Participatory Processes (2000)
Upon approval of Guyana’s Interim Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) the country became eligible
for debt relief totalling US$ 329 million in net value terms (approximately US$ 25 million a year in nominal
terms for 20 years). The consultant travelled to Guyana as part of the World Bank mission to provide
support to the government of Guyana in establishing the local standards for participatory processes leading
to the final PRSP. Assist in developing the Participation Action Plan detailing the benchmarks to be
discussed with a broad range of civil society organizations and other stakeholders to seek their inputs
promoting ownership of content as well as inter-institutional arrangements.
The World Bank — Sourcebook for Poverty Reduction Strategies: Gender Chapter (2000)
As part of its contribution to the Highly Indebted Poor Countries Initiative (HIPC), the World Bank prepared a
two volume sourcebook to assist borrowers in the preparation of the Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers
(PRSP) which HIPC countries must submit in order to access funds. Co-authored the Gender Chapter of
the PRSP Sourcebook presenting the rationale for a gender-inclusive approach to the PRSP, providing
guidelines for the use of participatory approaches to integrate gender equality into poverty analysis, the

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selection and implementation of public actions financed as part of the PRSP, and the development of
performance indicators to monitor implementation and evaluate impacts of PRSP interventions.
The World Bank — Design and Appraisal of Rural Transport Infrastructure (2000)
The Rural Transport Thematic Group of the World Bank prepared a four volume series of Technical Papers
on Rural Transport to reflect the current knowledge on the matter. Reviewed the text and annexes of the
paper “Design and Appraisal of Rural Transport Infrastructure” regarding social assessment, gender
analysis, and participatory aspects. Preparation of an appendix providing understanding of the relevance of
the social assessment process and a critical path of the participatory processes for impact assessment and
monitoring and evaluation.
The World Bank and the Republic of Peru — Second Rural Roads Rehabilitation and Maintenance
Project (1999)
This project provided a well-integrated and reliable rural road system linking isolated and poor communities
with regional economic centers through rehabilitation and maintenance of rural roads and key links
connecting them to the primary road system. It helped to: (i) reduce transport costs and facilitate access to
and delivery of basic social services; (ii) improve transport conditions in rural villages; (iii) generate
employment through small community-based maintenance enterprises; and (iv) build up institutional
capacity at local government levels. The Consultant assisted the Government of Peru and the World Bank
in the evaluation of the participation and social cohesion mechanisms put in place under the first phase of
the project in order to introduce design recommendations for the second phase.
The United Nations Development Program (UNDP) and the Government of Bangladesh — Building
Capacity for Gender Equality in Local Governance (1998-99)
This thirteen-month continuous assignment based in Dhaka at the National Institute of Local Government
involved design and preparation of a comprehensive needs assessment of the gender training requirements
of women and men elected to local government councils and of the country's institutional capacity to deliver
such training based on participatory consultations. Supplementary tasks included Participatory Monitoring
and Evaluation (PME) activities and delivering PME training. Designed two frameworks of collaborative
stakeholder interactions: (i) between local government bodies and their communities, and (ii) among training
institutions and NGOs for provision of training. Presented findings and facilitated consensus through three
multi-stakeholder workshops. Prepared Training and Operational Manuals, conducted Training of Trainers,
and devised the four-year decentralized gender equality and women’s empowerment strategy.
The World Bank and the Government of Colombia — Social Development Initiatives for Children and
Youth (1996-98)
Provided technical support in the design and pilot phases of two initiatives being planned by the Colombian
Institute of Family Welfare and the Vice-ministry of Youth in the course of five missions to the country.
These social development projects combined decentralization and inter-sectoral collaboration with local
participation. Drafted capacity development strategies integrating civil society, governmental, and non-
governmental organizations. Proposed guidelines and mechanisms to define the participatory dimension
and measure the impact of participation in both projects. Designed and facilitated local and national level
participatory strategic planning workshops. Developed strategies to enhance inter-institutional coordination
and collaboration with local communities to ensure social cohesion and the empowerment of stakeholders in
the design, implementation and monitoring of these efforts. Delivered participatory monitoring and
evaluation (PME) training to local facilitators of the Colombian Institute of Family Welfare.

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The Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) and the Government of Ecuador — Enhanced gendered
participation in Municipal Development (1997)
Provide technical support to the National Bank of Ecuador and municipalities to enhance gendered
participation in the IDB financed Program of Municipal Development (PDN I and II). This was a demand-
driven program requiring the participation of community organizations and municipalities in the planning,
implementation, monitoring / evaluation, and ownership of local development efforts. Different program
components addressed the creation of social capital, institutional strengthening, local capacity building,
inter-institutional coordination, and training.
The World Bank and the Government of Argentina — Small Farmer Development (1996-97)
This project was among the twenty-one initiatives selected as the Bank President's "Flagship Projects in
Participation". Its primary objective was to increase the nutritional and income levels of the economically
active rural poor. The related subsidiary objective was to increase the capacity of local institutions —
provincial governments, municipalities, extension services, beneficiary associations and NGOs — to provide
appropriate services to this target population. The tasks carried out included responsibility for proposals re
increased local capacity in participatory monitoring and evaluation, and development of participatory M& E
indicators.
Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA)— The Inter-Agency Group on Participation
(1996)
The Inter-Agency Group on Participation coordinated by the World Bank provided a forum for sharing
information and supporting efforts to mainstream participatory approaches to development, deepen analysis
and learning about participatory approaches, and support capacity-building for participatory development
within host countries. CIDA's Policy Branch coordinated the Plan of Action for Institutional Change for
Mainstreaming Participatory Development. Prepare the background discussion paper on institutional
changes. Design and conduct an internal assessment of CIDA's capacity to mainstream participatory
approaches to development.
United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA/Pakistan) and Foundation for International Training (1996)
Provision of management support to the Ministry of Population Welfare in Pakistan through the design,
planning, coordination and facilitation of three Future Search Conferences to be held in the Northwest
Frontier Province, Sindh, and Punjab. This participative management project was launched to assist the
Government in its population program through improved management practices.
United Nations Capital Development Fund (U.N.C.D.F.) — Development of Key Performance
Indicators of Participatory Development (1996)
Developed key performance indicators for participatory monitoring and evaluation of two types of projects:
Local Development Fund Projects and Eco-Development Projects. The former are direct support to local
authorities for the provision of infrastructure using participatory planning methods and the latter work directly
with communities in participatory natural resource management.
The World Bank — Development of Operational Guidelines for Gendered Participation in Economic
Reform and Political Liberalization in Africa (1995)
Provide a gendered analysis of the process of participation in consensus building and decision-making for
economic policy reform. Development of specific operational guidelines for the design of a gender-
responsive participation component to be included in lending operations in Africa.

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Inter-American Development Bank and the State of Ceará (Brazil)—
Operationalizing the Demand-Driven Component of Support to Social Reform Program (1995)
Work with estate, municipal, and community level stakeholders to define and implement participatory
processes for the formulation of Municipal Plans consisting of assessment of social needs, analysis of
existing capacity, and demand for services. Designed activities, conducted strategic planning workshops,
and trained staff for the mobilization of demand, monitoring, and evaluation.
United Nations Development Program and Government of Trinidad and Tobago — Restructuring the
Delivery of Social Services (1995)
The restructuring of the delivery of social services combined three elements — integration, decentralization,
and privatization through NGOs. This contract involved several missions plus research work in Ottawa,
conducting a social assessment recommending creation of synergies among efforts of central and local
governments and civil society. Two reports were produced. This assignment concluded with the design
and facilitation of a participatory strategic planning workshop on “Domestic Violence: Seeking Collaborative
Solutions through Personal, Professional, and Community Empowerment” which produced collaborative
action plans.
Inter-American Development Bank — Guyana Agricultural Support Services Program (1995)
Contributed to IADB's Appraisal Team for the Guyana Agricultural Support Services Program (ASSP)
prepared by the Ministry of Agriculture with technical assistance from international consulting firms. The
ASSP comprised three main components: lands management, drainage and irrigation infrastructure, and
agricultural intensification and diversification. Reviewed the participatory dimension of the ASSP proposal
and made strategic and operational recommendations affecting areas of program design, organizational
structure, and capacity building activities.
Canadian International Development Agency and Canada Audit and Consulting — Support to
Egypt's Environmental Program (1994-95)
Reviewed CIDA's proposed environmental program in Egypt. Identified entry points to incorporate a
participatory dimension in inception mission activities to be carried out in 1995 for two program components:
the On-Farm Soil & Water Management Project and the National Water Quality & Availability Program.
Recommended appropriate participatory methodologies to be used for specific sets of environmental
program activities to ensure both local grassroots participation and inter-ministerial collaboration.
Canadian International Development Agency and OECD Development Centre—Participatory
Development Project (1993-94)
Worked in conjunction with CIDA's Policy Branch, Social Dimensions Unit. Conducted policy research and
analysis of CIDA's approach to participatory development. Co-authored CIDA's report included a conceptual
framework, analyses of participation at macro, meso, and micro levels, description of methodologies, brief
case studies, and conclusions and recommendations. Presented report at OECD's Participatory
Development Conference in Paris, February 1994.
Canadian Department of Justice, Grand Council of the Crees, and New Economy Development
Group — Aboriginal Justice System Project (1991-94)
Designed, facilitated, and coordinated long-term capacity building for self-government in nine James Bay
Cree communities in the province of Quebec. Applied participatory research methodologies to address
socio-economic issues in the design of the reform of the judicial system serving native communities. Used
participative management methodologies to mobilize communities and co-ordinate production of
Cree/English radio program series. Formed volunteer grassroots groups working in conjunction with Cree

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Band Councils and provided on-going support to improve the communities' organizational capacity and
social infrastructure to plan and implement changes in the justice system.
Government of Northwest Territories and New Economy Development Group — Evaluation of the
Canada-NWT Cooperation Agreement for French and Aboriginal Languages (1992)
Gathered benchmark data on language usage in the Northwest Territories against which the effectiveness
of existing language legislation could be measured. Conducted a comprehensive survey in order to
measure changes in French and Aboriginal Language usage resulting from existing programs and
legislation. Interviewed community stakeholders, trained and supervised field workers, and managed the
logistics of fieldwork in the Keewatin and Baffin Island regions of the Arctic.
Canadian Council for International Cooperation and Program Angola — Participatory Program
Evaluation (1992)
Reviewed program documents and made recommendations to the Program's Board for conducting a
participatory evaluation. Coordinated the work-plan of this mid-term evaluation involving a consortium of 26
NGOs working in Angola with a collective budget of $20 mi.
Canadian International Development Agency and E.T. Jackson & Associates — Gender and Social
Development Strategy (1991)
Drafted the Gender and Social Development Strategy for CIDA's largest rural development project —
Bangladesh RD-12. This strategy analyzed project activities and proposed strategic and operational
recommendations for each component of this $53 million project. RD-12 provided for the creation and
management of a self-sustaining revolving loan fund, mobilization and support of rural credit societies of
asset-less men and women, training of project staff and beneficiaries, strengthening the Bangladesh Rural
Development Board, as well as for project management and technical assistance activities.
Canadian International Development Agency, WID Directorate — Women in development (WID)
Resource Kits (1991)
Produced CIDA’s Women in Development (WID) Resource Kits in Spanish and Portuguese for the
promotion of WID activities in the Americas. Contributed to several documents designed to help both CIDA
officers and Latin American partners operationalize CIDA's WID Policy and Plan of Action. Prepared an
introductory paper in Spanish and Portuguese on CIDA and gender. Edited Spanish versions of "WID and
the Project Cycle" and "WID and Sectoral Perspectives".
Canadian Co-operative Association (CCA) (1991 and 1992)
Reviewed CCA's project documents and acted as liaison and interpreter on the occasion of visits to Canada
of two Latin American delegations of functionaries of co-operatives from Costa Rica and Colombia.
Conducted briefing sessions and acted as public relations officer to both delegations during their nation-
wide tours of Canadian second and third tier cooperatives.
Federal Department of Indian and Northern Affairs — Training Needs Strategy (1990)
Reviewed the Department's policy documents addressing the need to de-centralize and tailor its operations
to carry out a transition towards native self-government. Conducted personal and group interviews with the
Department's staff in British Columbia and the Yukon Territory to determine their skills and knowledge
profiles. Contributed to the drafting of the training and development needs strategy for Department
personnel.

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PREVIOUS EMPLOYMENT EXPERIENCE
Northern Colorado Consortium
Program officer for the Consortium, an organization funded by state and federal programs for minorities.
Assisted in the design, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation of programs related to housing,
education, and health. Advise and support local groups in their capacity building efforts through use of
participatory action research methodologies. Act as liaison with government agencies, members of the
consortium, and other non-governmental organizations.
Sierra Blanca Group
Working at the Latin America desk assisted in design and management of projects for this Colorado-based
group combining participatory research, aid, and business ventures. Community development projects
addressed needs of women and youth, non-formal education, health, appropriate technology, income
generating activities, and food sufficiency.
PUBLICATIONS
“Financing through PRSPs: A Gender Perspective”, 2012, UN Women
Realities of Women and Children in the Democratic Republic of Congo, 2009, UNICEF/Kinshasa.
A Sourcebook of Poverty Reduction Strategies, Vol. 1, “Chapter 10 – Gender”, The World Bank,
Washington D.C., 2002.
Asian Development Bank User’s Guide to Participation, November 2001 Draft.
Participatory Development: A Brief Review of CIDA's Experience and Potential,
in Participatory Development: From Advocacy to Action, 1995, OECD Development Centre.
Liberation in Action - Brazil's Christian Base Communities and their Relevance to Development, in
Liberation Theology and Socio-Political Transformation: A Reader, 1992, Simon Fraser University Press.
Participatory Development: Paradigm Shift in Theory and Practice, M.A. Thesis, (with distinction), 1990,
Carleton University, Ottawa
TEACHING EXPERIENCE (1990)
Taught seminar on participatory development at Department of International Development Studies, St.
Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia
ACADEMIC FIELDWORK (1986)
Work and conduct research with the Sarvodaya Movement in Sri Lanka (special emphasis on people's
participation; youth, children and women's activities).
REPORTS AND RESEARCH PAPERS
• "Urban Partnerships for Poverty Reduction (UPPR) Women's Empowerment Scorecard",
Bangladesh, 2013
• “Rapid Socio Cultural Assessment - Jigawa State, Nigeria”, 2012

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• “Financing Through PRSPs: A Gender Perspective”, UN Women, 2011
• “Realities of Women and Children in the Democratic Republic of Congo”, 2009
• “From Exclusive Boutique to National Culture: Scaling Up CDD in Mexico”, 2003
• “Operational Tools for Scaling Up CDD Action Research”, 2002
• “Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation in World Bank Operations”, 2002
• ADB User’s Guide to Participation, November 2001
• "Initial Assessment of CIDA's Capacity to Mainstream Participatory Development"
• "Monitoring UNCDF Projects: Key Performance Indicators of Participatory Development"
• "Institutional Changes and Mainstreaming of Participatory Approaches"
• "Taller de Planeamiento Estratégico de Iniciativas de Participación Ciudadana en el
Sistema Nacional de Bienestar Familiar"
• "Planejamento Participativo: Oficina de Construção do Plano Municipal para PROARES"
• "Manual de Procedimento: Treinamento em Planejamento Estratégico Participativo para
a Elaboraçao de Planos Municipais para PROARES"
• "Domestic Violence: Seeking Collaborative Solutions Through Personal, Professional and
Community Empowerment"
• "Analysis of the Participatory Dimension of the Guyana Agricultural Support Services
Program"
• "Restructuring the Management of Social Services and Community Empowerment in
Trinidad and Tobago: Participatory Project Design and Implementation"
• "Gender and Social Development Strategy: Bangladesh Rural Development Project (RD-
12)
• "CIDA's Women in Development Strategy in Latin America"
• "Participation in Rural Development: A Brief Case Study of the Sarvodaya Shramadana
Movement"
SELECTED PRESENTATIONS (1980 to date):
Women Building Peace Conference (Ottawa), CONVERGENCE (Cartagena), Indigenous Ecological
Knowledge, Integrated Rural Development, Organic Farming and Cooperatives, The Role of Women and
Children in Development Efforts, Women in Buddhism, Non formal Education in the Sarvodaya Movement,
Buddhism and Social Action, Latin American Base Christian Communities and Development, Systems
Theory and Holistic Perception, Participatory Action Research (PAR), Transcendental Values and
Paradigms of Development.
AWARDS
Grant, Aspen Institute for Humanistic Studies, Colorado
Scholarship, University of California, Santa Barbara
PROFESSIONAL AFFILIATIONS
• CIVICUS World Alliance for Citizen Participation - current member
• The Peace Alliance – current member
• International Association of Public Participation Practitioners – current member, Denver Chapter
• Association of Women in Development (AWID) – current member
• Canadian Department of Peace Initiative and Canadian Civil Peace Service – Former member of
Planning Committee, Ottawa chapter
• Canadian Association of International Development Consultants
(CAIDC) — former Member of Board of Directors
• Society for International Development (SID) — former member of Executive Committee, Ottawa
• Participatory Development Forum (Ottawa) — former Member of Board
of Directors