The document discusses different concepts and examples of utopian societies throughout history, including: - Thomas More's definition of utopia as an imagined ideal place. - Characteristics of utopian cities described by various thinkers, such as collective ownership and abolition of family/private life. - Virgil's portrayal of Arcadia as a pastoral paradise untainted by civilization. - Tommaso Campanella's1602 work "The City of the Sun" describing his ideal city structured around worship of the sun. - Anton Francesco Doni's utopian city characterized by geometric design, equality, and collective religious education.

1. UTOPIA
"Utopia", "utopian" and "utopianism" are words which today are
become part of everyday language , and every day become more
and more widespread, but with very different semantic content.
But the question is .......
What is utopia?
the word utopia comes from a work published in Amsterdam in 1516 where he tells of
the journey in an imaginary world called u-topia (word has Greek origins and meaning:
a place that does not exist but is described as if it existed).

2. A utopian city :
1. attention on social economic factors, etc., but also on everyday life.
2.Abolition of private property and the pooling of all assets
3. Abolition of the family, replaced with promiscuous sexual relations
and children in common
4. Almost total cancellation of private and domestic spaces:
5. The general public tends to take the family functions: they are all
brothers and sisters, we all share every aspect of daily life.
6.Everything is organized for the collective good, and everything, even
personal, is decided in public meetings or public laws.
7.The public education has an important role: that since the early days
he teaches the values ??of community and pride to belong.
8. no crime and courts, as the perfect city educates perfect men.

3. Virgil’s utopia
Virgil is the greatest Roman poet of Augustan Age. He is known for three major works
of Latin literature, the Eclogues (or Bucolics), the Georgics, and the epic Aeneid.
The Eclogues (from the Greek for "selections") are a group of ten poems roughly
modelled on the bucolic hexameter poetry ("pastoral poetry") of the Hellenistic poet
Theocritus.
We may discern utopia into the past. The utopia of time is best attested in Greco-
Roman traditions by the Golden Age myth, known almost to all literatures. It is the
idea of a happily glorious remote past, or it could be related to the future, which
means the possibility of the return of the Golden Age as perceived in Virgil’s Eclogue
4, the so-called “messianic Eclogue”, probably addressed to Asinius Pollio, where Virgil
prophesized a new and blessed era by the birth of a certain child. This was the first
appearance of the Golden Age in Virgil. The term Golden Age comes from Greek
mythology and legend and refers to the first in a sequence of four or five Ages of Man,
in which the Golden Age is first, followed in sequence, by the Silver, Bronze, and Iron
Ages, and then the present, a period of decline. By extension "Golden Age" denotes a
period of primordial peace, harmony, stability, and prosperity.
European Pastoral literary and iconographic tradition often depicted nymphs and
shepherds as living a life of rustic innocence and simplicity, untainted by the
corruptions of civilization.

4. Arcadia
Arcadia refers to a vision of pastoralism and harmony with nature. The term is derived
from the Greek province of the same name which dates to antiquity; the province's
mountainous topography and sparse population of pastoralists later caused the word
Arcadia to develop into a poetic byword for an idyllic vision of unspoiled wilderness.
Arcadia is associated with bountiful natural splendor, harmony, and is often inhabited
by shepherds.
According to Greek mythology, Arcadia of Peloponnesus was the domain of Pan, a
virgin wilderness home to the god of the forest and his court of dryads, nymphs and
other spirits of nature. It was one version of paradise, though only in the sense of
being the abode of supernatural entities, not an afterlife for deceased mortals.
Virgil aspires to transcend national boundaries in Arcadia, an utopian place in Greece
where one can lead a life of innocence, simplicity, and closeness to nature.
Virgil’s aspiration to Arcadia comes to a climax in Eclogue 10, the last of his pastoral
poems. In this Eclogue, Virgil in order to immortalize his fellow-poet, Cornelius Gallus,
and to pay him a tribute, sets him down in Arcadia among the sheep, goats and
shepherds. When Virgil sets down his dear friend in the utopian world of Arcadia, this
is not with a sense of mockery, but with a sense of paying him a tribute, and helping
him get out of his personal plight.

5. Tommaso Campanella
The city of the sun
The City of the Sun is a philosophical work of the Dominican monk Tommaso Campanella, in
1602.
The protagonists of the work, written in dialogue form, are a Knight of Malta and a Genoese
admiral; the admiral describes to the knight the structure of an ideal community, the City of
the Sun. This work illustrates an ideal utopian city which represents the ideal form of
government to Campanella.
The city is surrounded by seven circles of impregnable walls, and on the highest point of the
town there’s the circular Temple of the Sun. Sun is the chief priest of the city who exercise
an absolute civil and religious power, and is assisted by three principles: Pon (Power), Sin
(Wisdom) and Mor (Love). Pon is in charge of military arts and war, Sin is in charge of
instruction and Mor oversees all the aspects of generation and health, nutrition and clothing.
The company is based on community property, including women. According to the philosopher is
in fact private property to provoke conflicts between different members of society: removing
the property will also eliminate all crimes related to it. In the City of the Sun there aren’t
masters and servants, and all are taught the same arts that have all the same dignity. The
canteens, as well as dormitories, places of recreation, clothing, are common; even the children
are raised in common.
There’s a particularly focus on education and generation: the first is addressed to all members
of society and begins at the age of three years and then continue over a lifetime; as regards
the generation, various officials have the task of combining the pairs in order to improve race
from the physical point.

6. • In The City of the Sun every aspect of life is rigidly regulated with excessive
insistence on order and discipline that almost destroys freedoms; these are common
features in all the writings about utopian society of that time. This is because of the
great cultural, political and social development of those years, that brought a great
aspiration for change and renewal of the society. In particular, Campanella himself
had organized a conspiracy which aimed at the liberation of Calabria from Spanish
rule, at the abolition of the property and at a communist-style democracy and
theocracy.
• In the society described in the City of the Sun are two typical elements of utopian
thought: the abolition of the family and the abolition of private property. There’s a
negative judgment on the family because it is a source of pride, “self-love” and social
discrimination, as well as private property. Both are considered the two greatest
enemies of the Community dimension of life and universal brotherhood. The
solution proposed in this work is the communion of women and children. There is
also the distrust of love, which is reduced to its biological dimension, easier to
control.
• The state in the City of the Sun is primarily engaged in the protection of the good
and moral society. From this derives the right and duty to a detailed control on
society, for the preservation and strengthening of his moral standard. The work
outlines the universal reform that Campanella had always had in his mind and that
he also tied to implement in practice organising a conspiracy to create a just society,
without conflict of any kind.

7. Anton Francesco Doni
Anton Francesco Doni in his work “I mondi” talks about an
utopian
City and society. The structure of the city is characterized
by
Geometric elements and each element has a symbolic
meaning.
In this city nobody owns anything, everyone respects each
other.
The equality is very important and no one must be richer
than others.
They have a religious education because God is an
important identity for us.

8. The society is perfect because:
Every citizen is happy because no one
is rich.
They share everything together
There aren’t weddings because women
and men love whoever they want.
It’s a comunist society where
everybody lives in peace.