This document summarizes research into why women are less likely to identify themselves as entrepreneurs. It discusses 3 previous studies that looked at gender differences in entrepreneurship terminology and self-identification. The document then outlines the research questions and mixed methods approach used. This involved analyzing terms used to identify females on Shark Tank and comparing frequency of gendered entrepreneurship terms across databases. Key findings were that females were more often identified by terms like "womanpreneur", while males had few alternatives. Relational terms like "mompreneur" were also common for females. The research suggests language and implicit associations may influence women's perceptions of themselves as entrepreneurs.
This document provides information about anthropology and ethnographic research methods. It defines anthropology as the study of what it means to be human and examines culture and human behavior through comparative and cross-cultural research. It describes ethnography as a qualitative research approach that relies on participant observation to understand cultural systems, practices, and beliefs. Key ethnographic research methods discussed include taking an inductive approach, mapping social networks and resource flows, and understanding reciprocity within cultural groups.
This document summarizes a seminar on culture and power. The seminar will examine how cultural factors impact employee success, policies, systems and programs. It will explore perceptions of power across cultures and how culture influences communication and relationship conflicts. Participants will learn about cultural dimensions and leadership styles to accommodate different power distance cultures. A panel of diversity leaders from major companies will discuss cultural challenges and strategies in the workplace.
This document discusses applying Amartya Sen's Capability Approach to support for students with Specific Learning Difficulties (SpLDs). It argues that the Capability Approach provides an alternative to the medical model of disability as deficit by focusing on what students can achieve and their individual capabilities rather than their limitations. The document examines how the Capability Approach emphasizes individual agency and well-being over diagnostic labels. It suggests reframing support for SpLDs around student capabilities and functionings in order to empower students.
Learning Objective: Explore skills to manage highly competitive workforce
The modern workforce is transforming from employees to valuable contributors, strategists, and subject matter superstars. Effective managers and leaders must creatively engage employees and seek new ways to honor and utilize increasing knowledge and talent. This seminar will review the unique challenges of managing highly intelligent STEM leaders and explore winning strategies to maximize potential and get the most out of teams.
At the end of this seminar, participants will be able to:
a. Explore types of employees and workforce teams.
b. Examine situational leadership strategies.
c. Identify creative leadership approaches to engage and retain great talent.
d. Examine new workforce trends, options, and challenges.
Learning Objective: Explore how to engage in and lead nontraditional teams
Work teams are no longer limited to co-workers within the same four walls. In today’s global marketplace teams can span across time zones, cultures, real space, and cyberspace. Virtual team environment is fundamentally different and hence traditional concepts of team leadership take on a new direction. Understanding how your personal style relates in a nontraditional team setting is key to unleashing your global potential. In this seminar, General Dynamics leaders will discuss how their experiences have prepared them to lead global and virtual teams.
At the end of this seminar, participants will be able to:
a. Understanding challenges of global and virtual teams
b. Understand personal style and behavioral differences
c. Explore personal stories and examine effective strategies for team leadership
d. Identify the unique characteristics of virtual team members and leaders
e. Develop an awareness of geographic and cultural differences amongst team members
Addressing Unconscious Bias in Higher EducationJulia Michaels
Providing unconscious bias training to faculty and staff may reduce discrimination and the impact of bias at the university. Although evidence-based training models exist, effective implementation of those models is critical. Some universities have found that mandatory training can incite backlash, while voluntary training is unlikely to reach those who need it most. In addition, not all biases can be addressed at once; separate trainings are needed for racial bias, gender bias, disability bias, etc. During this webinar, experts on unconscious bias training will share evidence from their research, describe effective models, and discuss challenges for implementation. The speakers will also discuss remaining research gaps that limit the applicability of unconscious bias interventions across different contexts (e.g., admissions) and next steps for expanding the use of this promising practice.
Este documento define y explica varios modelos económicos, incluyendo el modelo de flujo circular, el modelo de frontera de posibilidades, modelos a nivel mundial de finanzas públicas como el modelo liberal y neoliberal, y modelos para economías subdesarrolladas. También discute la naturaleza de los modelos económicos, sus supuestos y capacidad de predicción, dando ejemplos como el modelo IS-LM y modelos de Keynes y Solow.
El documento describe el software libre y sus beneficios para la educación. El software libre puede ser copiado, modificado y redistribuido libremente. Su uso en la educación pública promueve la difusión del conocimiento sin discriminación. El software libre también reduce costos, permite a los estudiantes usar el mismo software en la escuela y en casa, y da más control sobre el software.
This document provides information about anthropology and ethnographic research methods. It defines anthropology as the study of what it means to be human and examines culture and human behavior through comparative and cross-cultural research. It describes ethnography as a qualitative research approach that relies on participant observation to understand cultural systems, practices, and beliefs. Key ethnographic research methods discussed include taking an inductive approach, mapping social networks and resource flows, and understanding reciprocity within cultural groups.
This document summarizes a seminar on culture and power. The seminar will examine how cultural factors impact employee success, policies, systems and programs. It will explore perceptions of power across cultures and how culture influences communication and relationship conflicts. Participants will learn about cultural dimensions and leadership styles to accommodate different power distance cultures. A panel of diversity leaders from major companies will discuss cultural challenges and strategies in the workplace.
This document discusses applying Amartya Sen's Capability Approach to support for students with Specific Learning Difficulties (SpLDs). It argues that the Capability Approach provides an alternative to the medical model of disability as deficit by focusing on what students can achieve and their individual capabilities rather than their limitations. The document examines how the Capability Approach emphasizes individual agency and well-being over diagnostic labels. It suggests reframing support for SpLDs around student capabilities and functionings in order to empower students.
Learning Objective: Explore skills to manage highly competitive workforce
The modern workforce is transforming from employees to valuable contributors, strategists, and subject matter superstars. Effective managers and leaders must creatively engage employees and seek new ways to honor and utilize increasing knowledge and talent. This seminar will review the unique challenges of managing highly intelligent STEM leaders and explore winning strategies to maximize potential and get the most out of teams.
At the end of this seminar, participants will be able to:
a. Explore types of employees and workforce teams.
b. Examine situational leadership strategies.
c. Identify creative leadership approaches to engage and retain great talent.
d. Examine new workforce trends, options, and challenges.
Learning Objective: Explore how to engage in and lead nontraditional teams
Work teams are no longer limited to co-workers within the same four walls. In today’s global marketplace teams can span across time zones, cultures, real space, and cyberspace. Virtual team environment is fundamentally different and hence traditional concepts of team leadership take on a new direction. Understanding how your personal style relates in a nontraditional team setting is key to unleashing your global potential. In this seminar, General Dynamics leaders will discuss how their experiences have prepared them to lead global and virtual teams.
At the end of this seminar, participants will be able to:
a. Understanding challenges of global and virtual teams
b. Understand personal style and behavioral differences
c. Explore personal stories and examine effective strategies for team leadership
d. Identify the unique characteristics of virtual team members and leaders
e. Develop an awareness of geographic and cultural differences amongst team members
Addressing Unconscious Bias in Higher EducationJulia Michaels
Providing unconscious bias training to faculty and staff may reduce discrimination and the impact of bias at the university. Although evidence-based training models exist, effective implementation of those models is critical. Some universities have found that mandatory training can incite backlash, while voluntary training is unlikely to reach those who need it most. In addition, not all biases can be addressed at once; separate trainings are needed for racial bias, gender bias, disability bias, etc. During this webinar, experts on unconscious bias training will share evidence from their research, describe effective models, and discuss challenges for implementation. The speakers will also discuss remaining research gaps that limit the applicability of unconscious bias interventions across different contexts (e.g., admissions) and next steps for expanding the use of this promising practice.
Este documento define y explica varios modelos económicos, incluyendo el modelo de flujo circular, el modelo de frontera de posibilidades, modelos a nivel mundial de finanzas públicas como el modelo liberal y neoliberal, y modelos para economías subdesarrolladas. También discute la naturaleza de los modelos económicos, sus supuestos y capacidad de predicción, dando ejemplos como el modelo IS-LM y modelos de Keynes y Solow.
El documento describe el software libre y sus beneficios para la educación. El software libre puede ser copiado, modificado y redistribuido libremente. Su uso en la educación pública promueve la difusión del conocimiento sin discriminación. El software libre también reduce costos, permite a los estudiantes usar el mismo software en la escuela y en casa, y da más control sobre el software.
Los métodos anticonceptivos sirven principalmente para evitar la fecundación y la implantación del óvulo en el útero, es decir, para prevenir el embarazo. También pueden regular trastornos ginecológicos y proteger contra infecciones de transmisión sexual. El mejor método es el que se adecúa a las necesidades y estilo de vida de cada pareja, y es importante que las mujeres con vida sexual activa consulten a un médico para elegir uno adecuado.
Este documento presenta información sobre la redacción de documentos jurídicos. Explica que la redacción es la composición de textos escritos y define la importancia de la redacción en el campo jurídico. Luego, cubre temas como la importancia del lenguaje jurídico en la redacción, la redacción y el análisis de contratos, los elementos de un contrato, las partes de un contrato, las modalidades de contratos y la redacción y análisis de poderes. Concluye que se abordaron aspectos importantes relacionados
This document discusses key concepts in marketing including definitions of marketing provided by Kotler, the objectives of marketing, and defining basic needs, wants, and luxury goods. It also covers competitive advantage and how it is defined, as well as sustainable competitive advantage. Specific examples discussed include the medical market and closing deals. Key aspects of marketing, such as opportunity identification, new product development, customer attraction and retention are also summarized.
Dewan Ashikur Rahman is seeking a career in the textile sector. He has a Bachelor of Science degree in Textile Engineering from Daffodil International University with a CGPA of 3.17. He has experience working as President of the Textile Club at DIU and organizing programs at his university. His computer skills include Microsoft Office and experience with Windows operating systems. He is proficient in English and Bengali.
El documento describe varias partes del cuerpo humano incluyendo el hígado, el conducto colédoco, el ángulo de Louis, la aorta torácica y el ventrículo izquierdo. Proporciona breves descripciones de la ubicación y función de cada una de estas estructuras anatómicas.
Please have a look on my attached CV.
Preferred sector:
1.Building Material
2. FMCG
3. Energy sector
4. NBFI
5.RETAIL Industry
6. Real estate
Any MNC and Renowned Local Group Of Industries .
Edison Grainery is a family-owned organic ingredients supplier founded in 2011 in Oakland, CA. It has expanded from a small space to facilities totaling 30,000 sq ft while maintaining low prices and a mission of sustainability and affordability. The company sources from around the world and offers a variety of grains, flours, pastas, beans and more. To further growth, a proposed Google AdWords campaign aims to increase brand awareness and online sales of Edison Grainery through targeted keyword advertising. The campaign utilizes seven campaigns and thirteen ad groups focused on popular products like quinoa, grains and beans. Success will be measured by social media growth and increased online sales.
This document provides an overview and user guide for Konvurge, a two-sided social media and location-based marketing platform. It summarizes the key features for public users and proprietors. For public users, it allows them to connect with friends nearby, see popular locations on a map, promote themselves and events, and engage with local businesses. For proprietors, it provides targeted marketing tools, analytics on customer demographics and events, and the ability to push notifications to nearby users. The guide walks through setting up and using the various features of the platform.
Este documento discute tratamentos para varizes. Ele explica o que causam varizes, como se formam, e os melhores tratamentos disponíveis, incluindo medicamentos e cirurgia para remover veias problemáticas. A cirurgia visa remover a veia safena interna e tratar outras veias visíveis.
This document discusses the field of human-computer interaction for development (HCI4D) and proposes a maturity model for evaluating approaches in this area. The model outlines 8 stages from isolation to transmutation, where the latter stage involves people from different cultures drawing on unique skills and backgrounds to solve problems in collaborative ways not possible within a single culture. The document advocates bringing diverse perspectives to problem solving and provides examples showing how mixed groups tend to be more creative and innovative. It argues that representations and ways of thinking become habitual, but exposing problems to varied representations from different cultures could lead to insights not found within one approach.
Designing for Diversity in Design Orgs (Presentation)Eli Silva
We all want more diversity in tech. We rarely acknowledge that the experience of inclusion is the product of Org Design. Presented at O'Reilly Design Conference with Molly Beyer, #OReillyDesign, these slides share some practical tips and advice on increasing diversity through applied design thinking. Learn how to empathize and ideate in response to real needs instead of getting people to 'hack a hairdryer'.
The document outlines and describes various qualitative research techniques including ethnography, phenomenology, grounded theory, case study, biography, conversation analysis, narrative inquiry, and content analysis. It provides the key questions addressed by each technique, their disciplinary roots, typical data collection and analysis methods, and narrative focus.
Collaboration in science and technology it summitMerce Crosas
Talk given at Harvard IT Summit, June 4, 2015.
Until recently, the criteria used in assessing and engaging people for the advancement of science and technology have been focused on skills and contributions of single individuals in these fields, and not been carefully evaluated based on their success. As science and technology are increasingly becoming collaborative and social ventures, and it is now seldom the case that the impact of a single individual is crucial, the criteria for and stereotypes of the successful scientific or technical leader should change accordingly. Changing the criteria and stereotypes results in a larger and more diverse talent pool available to advance and lead science and technology, creating teams that not only leverage diverse perspectives, but also are collectively smarter.
Collaboration in science and technology it summitkevin_donovan
The document discusses how collaboration has increased with more teams doing scientific work. It describes research showing that teams with more equal participation among members and an ability to understand social cues tend to perform better. Teams that include more women also tend to outperform those with only men. The traits that help collaboration, such as social skills and connection, come more naturally to women. As technology fields rely more on teams, greater inclusion of women could boost performance and global progress.
This document discusses linguistic strategies for job seeking texts and conversations. It outlines three core linguistic ideas: deixis, framing, and narrative. Deixis refers to contextual language that establishes perspective. Framing involves shifting perspectives from wanting a job to why an employer would want you. Narrative recommends adopting a storytelling approach to showcase skills and experiences in a resonant way. The document then provides examples of how to apply these strategies to resumes, cover letters, profiles, elevator pitches, and interviews.
OGIP_Shark Tank Presentation_Mandy WheadonMandy Wheadon
This study analyzed the first season of Shark Tank to examine media representations of female entrepreneurs. It found that female entrepreneurs received less funding on average and were more likely to pitch products related to children, babies, or other women. They were also more likely to describe their business as a hobby. Additionally, backstories often showed women in kitchens unrelated to their product and they were more likely to discuss marital status than men. The study concludes these stereotypical portrayals limit how some individuals see themselves as entrepreneurs and reinforces cultural mindsets about gender and entrepreneurship.
This document summarizes a presentation by Randy Bass on educational design in a dis-integrative age. Bass discusses two paradigms of education: an integrative model that focuses on bundling curricular and co-curricular experiences, and a dis-integrative model focused on modular and granular learning experiences. He argues for a new synthesis of "rebundling" where dis-integrative approaches serve integrative goals like developing the whole student. The document provides examples of rebundling from institutions like LaGuardia Community College and Arizona State University. It also discusses leading from the middle to balance values of self-interest and impact.
This document summarizes a presentation about recruiting for diversity in tech. It discusses challenging the idea of meritocracy by acknowledging how privilege can influence who is seen as qualified. It also recommends reviewing interview questions to avoid reinforcing stereotypes, establishing and enforcing a code of conduct, consistently promoting diversity, and reaching out to diverse communities through events and sponsorships. Specific tactics include assembling diverse teams to evaluate candidates, focusing on values over personal interests, and encouraging anonymous feedback.
Los métodos anticonceptivos sirven principalmente para evitar la fecundación y la implantación del óvulo en el útero, es decir, para prevenir el embarazo. También pueden regular trastornos ginecológicos y proteger contra infecciones de transmisión sexual. El mejor método es el que se adecúa a las necesidades y estilo de vida de cada pareja, y es importante que las mujeres con vida sexual activa consulten a un médico para elegir uno adecuado.
Este documento presenta información sobre la redacción de documentos jurídicos. Explica que la redacción es la composición de textos escritos y define la importancia de la redacción en el campo jurídico. Luego, cubre temas como la importancia del lenguaje jurídico en la redacción, la redacción y el análisis de contratos, los elementos de un contrato, las partes de un contrato, las modalidades de contratos y la redacción y análisis de poderes. Concluye que se abordaron aspectos importantes relacionados
This document discusses key concepts in marketing including definitions of marketing provided by Kotler, the objectives of marketing, and defining basic needs, wants, and luxury goods. It also covers competitive advantage and how it is defined, as well as sustainable competitive advantage. Specific examples discussed include the medical market and closing deals. Key aspects of marketing, such as opportunity identification, new product development, customer attraction and retention are also summarized.
Dewan Ashikur Rahman is seeking a career in the textile sector. He has a Bachelor of Science degree in Textile Engineering from Daffodil International University with a CGPA of 3.17. He has experience working as President of the Textile Club at DIU and organizing programs at his university. His computer skills include Microsoft Office and experience with Windows operating systems. He is proficient in English and Bengali.
El documento describe varias partes del cuerpo humano incluyendo el hígado, el conducto colédoco, el ángulo de Louis, la aorta torácica y el ventrículo izquierdo. Proporciona breves descripciones de la ubicación y función de cada una de estas estructuras anatómicas.
Please have a look on my attached CV.
Preferred sector:
1.Building Material
2. FMCG
3. Energy sector
4. NBFI
5.RETAIL Industry
6. Real estate
Any MNC and Renowned Local Group Of Industries .
Edison Grainery is a family-owned organic ingredients supplier founded in 2011 in Oakland, CA. It has expanded from a small space to facilities totaling 30,000 sq ft while maintaining low prices and a mission of sustainability and affordability. The company sources from around the world and offers a variety of grains, flours, pastas, beans and more. To further growth, a proposed Google AdWords campaign aims to increase brand awareness and online sales of Edison Grainery through targeted keyword advertising. The campaign utilizes seven campaigns and thirteen ad groups focused on popular products like quinoa, grains and beans. Success will be measured by social media growth and increased online sales.
This document provides an overview and user guide for Konvurge, a two-sided social media and location-based marketing platform. It summarizes the key features for public users and proprietors. For public users, it allows them to connect with friends nearby, see popular locations on a map, promote themselves and events, and engage with local businesses. For proprietors, it provides targeted marketing tools, analytics on customer demographics and events, and the ability to push notifications to nearby users. The guide walks through setting up and using the various features of the platform.
Este documento discute tratamentos para varizes. Ele explica o que causam varizes, como se formam, e os melhores tratamentos disponíveis, incluindo medicamentos e cirurgia para remover veias problemáticas. A cirurgia visa remover a veia safena interna e tratar outras veias visíveis.
This document discusses the field of human-computer interaction for development (HCI4D) and proposes a maturity model for evaluating approaches in this area. The model outlines 8 stages from isolation to transmutation, where the latter stage involves people from different cultures drawing on unique skills and backgrounds to solve problems in collaborative ways not possible within a single culture. The document advocates bringing diverse perspectives to problem solving and provides examples showing how mixed groups tend to be more creative and innovative. It argues that representations and ways of thinking become habitual, but exposing problems to varied representations from different cultures could lead to insights not found within one approach.
Designing for Diversity in Design Orgs (Presentation)Eli Silva
We all want more diversity in tech. We rarely acknowledge that the experience of inclusion is the product of Org Design. Presented at O'Reilly Design Conference with Molly Beyer, #OReillyDesign, these slides share some practical tips and advice on increasing diversity through applied design thinking. Learn how to empathize and ideate in response to real needs instead of getting people to 'hack a hairdryer'.
The document outlines and describes various qualitative research techniques including ethnography, phenomenology, grounded theory, case study, biography, conversation analysis, narrative inquiry, and content analysis. It provides the key questions addressed by each technique, their disciplinary roots, typical data collection and analysis methods, and narrative focus.
Collaboration in science and technology it summitMerce Crosas
Talk given at Harvard IT Summit, June 4, 2015.
Until recently, the criteria used in assessing and engaging people for the advancement of science and technology have been focused on skills and contributions of single individuals in these fields, and not been carefully evaluated based on their success. As science and technology are increasingly becoming collaborative and social ventures, and it is now seldom the case that the impact of a single individual is crucial, the criteria for and stereotypes of the successful scientific or technical leader should change accordingly. Changing the criteria and stereotypes results in a larger and more diverse talent pool available to advance and lead science and technology, creating teams that not only leverage diverse perspectives, but also are collectively smarter.
Collaboration in science and technology it summitkevin_donovan
The document discusses how collaboration has increased with more teams doing scientific work. It describes research showing that teams with more equal participation among members and an ability to understand social cues tend to perform better. Teams that include more women also tend to outperform those with only men. The traits that help collaboration, such as social skills and connection, come more naturally to women. As technology fields rely more on teams, greater inclusion of women could boost performance and global progress.
This document discusses linguistic strategies for job seeking texts and conversations. It outlines three core linguistic ideas: deixis, framing, and narrative. Deixis refers to contextual language that establishes perspective. Framing involves shifting perspectives from wanting a job to why an employer would want you. Narrative recommends adopting a storytelling approach to showcase skills and experiences in a resonant way. The document then provides examples of how to apply these strategies to resumes, cover letters, profiles, elevator pitches, and interviews.
OGIP_Shark Tank Presentation_Mandy WheadonMandy Wheadon
This study analyzed the first season of Shark Tank to examine media representations of female entrepreneurs. It found that female entrepreneurs received less funding on average and were more likely to pitch products related to children, babies, or other women. They were also more likely to describe their business as a hobby. Additionally, backstories often showed women in kitchens unrelated to their product and they were more likely to discuss marital status than men. The study concludes these stereotypical portrayals limit how some individuals see themselves as entrepreneurs and reinforces cultural mindsets about gender and entrepreneurship.
This document summarizes a presentation by Randy Bass on educational design in a dis-integrative age. Bass discusses two paradigms of education: an integrative model that focuses on bundling curricular and co-curricular experiences, and a dis-integrative model focused on modular and granular learning experiences. He argues for a new synthesis of "rebundling" where dis-integrative approaches serve integrative goals like developing the whole student. The document provides examples of rebundling from institutions like LaGuardia Community College and Arizona State University. It also discusses leading from the middle to balance values of self-interest and impact.
This document summarizes a presentation about recruiting for diversity in tech. It discusses challenging the idea of meritocracy by acknowledging how privilege can influence who is seen as qualified. It also recommends reviewing interview questions to avoid reinforcing stereotypes, establishing and enforcing a code of conduct, consistently promoting diversity, and reaching out to diverse communities through events and sponsorships. Specific tactics include assembling diverse teams to evaluate candidates, focusing on values over personal interests, and encouraging anonymous feedback.
1) This document contains notes from a formative structured debate on the topic of whether equality means making all people roughly the same and is a goal all societies should aim for.
2) The first argument presented is that gender equality in the workplace improves organizational performance and employee well-being by providing a more comprehensive perspective and higher quality work life.
3) The counter argument is that physiological differences between men and women do not necessarily lead to differences in skills or potential, and underrepresentation of women in some fields is likely due to social and institutional barriers rather than biology.
Cleverwood friday session - Company culture and consultant workCleverwood Belgium
Whether on a short term mission to provide expert advice or on a longer term engagement, as a consultant you're confronted with the challenge of company culture. Company culture will affect every single aspect of your mission from information collection, to exploring possible solutions, to issuing recommendations, to facilitating decisions and coaching for their implementation. Culture is of particularly strong influence when you're dealing with change, evolution of core business assumptions and innovative practices, e.g. the integration of social media in the toolbox of marketers.
A Grounded Theory Approach Into The Development Of Career...Tiffany Sandoval
This document discusses a study that used a grounded theory approach to investigate how career goals change from childhood to adulthood, and what influences those changes. The study interviewed three participants ages 20-21 about their career goals over time. Four main themes emerged: 1) changes in job/occupation goals, 2) impacts on career goals, 3) career preparation, and 4) certainty and attitudes toward goals. The document also reviews previous research showing that career goals can be influenced by interests, abilities, academics, social support, role models, friends, and parents. Qualitative studies suggest career preparation and planning also impact goal development over time from adolescence to late adulthood.
This document provides an overview of a research seminar on age and work. It discusses several topics:
1) Generations are socially constructed cohorts that shape values and attitudes. Debates often conflate generations with age groups and present differences as natural rather than constructed.
2) Discussions of the "missing million" unemployed youth and the "missing million" unemployed older workers position different age groups in competition over limited jobs and resources.
3) Visual analyses of online news and stock photos reveal gendered discourses of ageing, with older men typically depicted in command roles and younger women as the focus of attention.
The seminar explores how notions of age and age identities are constructed online
Thesis-The Effects of Ethnicity and Sexual Orientation on Hiring Discriminati...Jonathan Pfefer
The document describes a study that examined the effects of ethnicity and sexual orientation on hiring discrimination in resume evaluations. 108 participants reviewed one of four resumes that varied the applicant's ethnicity (Arab or French) and sexual orientation (homosexual or heterosexual). Participants then rated the resumes on willingness to hire, leadership, work experience, and extracurricular activities. Previous literature found discrimination based on various minority statuses including ethnicity, gender, disability and sexual orientation. The study hypothesized the Arab/homosexual resume would receive the lowest ratings and the French/heterosexual resume the highest. It also hypothesized ethnicity would have a greater impact than sexual orientation.
This document discusses several challenges facing the Library of Congress including fragmentation across sites, domains and identities which confuses users. It also discusses findability issues where users cannot easily find what they need from the home page or through web searches. As a result, many potential users never utilize the Library's resources because they are not easily findable. The document advocates for improvements to web governance and information architecture to help address these issues.
Differences Between Genders And Communication EssayMonica Turner
1) Gender differences in communication are prevalent in many contexts like the workplace, relationships, and negotiations.
2) Researchers have found that men and women have different objectives in conversations - women see them as opportunities for connection while men may use them to gain power or compete.
3) The essay will explore some of the key differences between how men and women communicate and the cultural and biological factors that influence these differences.
Conversation, Connections and CommunityLaura Chapman
Tackling inequality is best understood as a practitioner’s ethical commitment to realise every learner’s rights in full.
Cultural change takes both time and innovation: it is neither immediately available nor instantly achievable.
1. What’s in a name?
Semantics, self-perception & why women
don’t call themselves “entrepreneurs”
Mandy Wheadon
mwheadon@purdue.edu
Natalie Duval-Couetil
natduval@purdue.edu
2. The Problem
Background
» Discourse analysis of the first season of the
entrepreneurship-themed reality television show Shark
Tank (Wheadon & Duval-Couetil, 2015)
» Logan (2012) study exploring self-employment and
entrepreneurship among 1000 women in the UK
» Dohrman (2010) research on millennial entrepreneurs
3. So what?
Does it REALLY matter whether women call themselves
“entrepreneurs” or not?
4. Less likely to believe that
they are capable of
becoming successful
entrepreneurs
Overwhelmingly found in
less-profitable industries
More difficult for women to
secure venture funding &
have limited access to
valuable mentorship and
support networks
5. ““At any historical moment, both the gender order and linguistic
conventions exercise a profound constraint on our thoughts and
actions, predisposing us to follow patterns set down over
generations.
-Eckert & McConnell-Ginet (2013), Language and Gender, p.44
6. Connections
• Language
• Thought
• Associations
• Perceptions
• Beliefs
• Actions
Words convey information, but they also generate meaning
8. ““Change comes with the interruption of such patterns, and while
sometimes that interruption may be sudden, it comes more
commonly through infinitesimally small events that may or may
not be intentional.”
-Eckert & McConnell-Ginet (2013), Language and Gender, p.44
10. Research Questions
1. If females are not being called “entrepreneurs,”
what terms are being used to identify them?
» Labels assigned by others
» Labels adopted by self
11. Research Questions
2. What concepts or characteristics associated
with entrepreneurship might be discouraging
the identification or perception of women as
“entrepreneurs”?
» Specifically, how are these associations
being produced/reproduced linguistically?
12. Alternate terms adopted
by SELF
» Textual analysis of
first season of Shark Tank
» Analyzed terms by
frequency of occurrence—
results visually represented
in word cloud format
R1
Alternate terms assigned
by OTHERS
» Corpus linguistics
frequency analysis of 39
databases
» Compared frequency and
sources of gendered
alternative terms for
“entrepreneur.”
15. R2 Results
Comparison of corpus linguistics frequency analysis results in
COCA for gendered collocations, represented as a Mutual
Information (MI) score
“Entrepreneur(s)”
(n=7061)
Total
%
MI
Female/Woman/Women 149 2.11 1.52
Male/Man/Men 18 0.25 -1.49
Wheadon: *Male participants often described themselves as “entrepreneurs” *No female participants used that term to identify themselves or their business activities at any point that season
Logan: *Majority of participants did not think of themselves as entrepreneurs *Many did not like the label “entrepreneur”
Dohrman: *Female business owners intentionally avoided using the term “entrepreneur” to describe themselves or their work *Also attempted to prevent their companies from being recognized as one created by a female
The reluctance of women to call themselves entrepreneurs may not seem noteworthy in isolation, but when examined within the context of other disciplinary gender gaps, it is an important key to understanding how and why men and women often identify differently with the concept of entrepreneurship
How we TALK about entrepreneurship is both a symptom and a catalyst for the larger issues that are simultaneously producing and reproducing gender gaps such as these in entrepreneurship
In a cultural context, the recognition earned by adhering to a certain set of standards or expectations over time is often exchanged as a sort of symbolic capital in return for various types of legitimacy (Bourdieu, 1993). This proves problematic in entrepreneurship, where gender can influence whether or not one identifies oneself as an entrepreneur or is thought of as an entrepreneur by others, impacting the amount of symbolic capital, legitimacy, and resources available to them (Bury, 2011; Goss, Jones, Betta, & Latham, 2011; Rindova, Barry, & Ketchen Jr., 2009; Zott & Nguyen Huy, 2006).
This research used a mixed-methods approach rooted in sociolinguistics to examine the influences of context, culture, society and expectation on the way language is used, as well as the reciprocal effects of language and word usage on individual and social constructions of perception and meaning
Looking at gendered alternative terms used to identify females in place of the word “entrepreneur.”
The study investigated Question 1 from both an individual and a collective/social perspective: a) self-categorization (i.e., what do female entrepreneurs call themselves?), and b) categorization by others (what are they being called by society?).
Especially paying attention to ASSIGNATION vs. ADOPTION as indicators of power differentials and the possibility for agentic action commonly examined in sociolinguistic inquiries.
While Question 1 examined what labels are being attached to female entrepreneurs, Question 2 focused on better understanding how and why these alternative gender labels for entrepreneurs are being linguistically produced.
Corpus linguistics frequency analysis of 39 databases (Proquest as corpora)
This study expands the existing research by conducting a textual analysis of the discourse in the data sample, which included 15 episodes comprising the first season of Shark Tank, originally airing between August 2009 and January 2010.
The 15 episodes depicted a total of 68 presentations (or “pitches”) by 90 entrepreneurs, as well as an assortment of short “backstories” for 45 of the participants allowing them to expand on their backgrounds.
Narrowing the content of the previous study to include only portions of the show depicting female entrepreneurs, Season 1 featured a total of 33 female entrepreneurs who introduced themselves, described their companies, and/or pitched new business ideas. Twenty-three of these women received additional air time to further introduce them to the audience during a backstory. Recordings of the female segments from each episode were transcribed and then coded to compile quantitative descriptions of the content
** GENDER-Related and RELATIONAL terms
To provide a larger context for the research, Proquest databases were used to access portrayals of and discourse surrounding female entrepreneurs in the contemporary media, and a corpus linguistics analysis was performed on the resulting data.
Used a different corpus for comparison, specifically the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA). The COCA analysis examined 450 million words of text in the American dialect that include 20 million words each year from 1990-2012 equally selected from spoken, fiction, popular magazines, newspapers, and academic texts.
This analysis focused specifically on the collocation (or appearance together more frequently than would happen by chance) of the gendered words male/man/men and female/woman/women within one word before or after the words “entrepreneur” and “entrepreneurs.”
Mutual Information score is a measure of how tightly linked two words are. This takes into account the overall frequency of collocates.
MI=3.0 is usually considered high. “Entrepreneur” marked for gender almost 8.5 x more often when referring to females than males (8.3).
The results of this study indicate the presence of a moderate collocation frequency (both positive and negative, depending on the gender) between the use of gendered terms to mark the word “entrepreneur.”
** Signifies “entrepreneur” as a MARKED term