1. ‫ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻝ‬ ‫*ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﻩ‬19‫ﺯﻳﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻮﻡ‬-‫ﺍﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻝ‬-‫ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ‬4-‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ‬1393
‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ‬‫ﺗﻨﻮﻉ‬‫ﺯﻳﺴﺘﻲ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﻏﻨﺎﻱ‬‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ‬‫ﺩﺭ‬‫ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ‬‫ﺑﺎ‬‫ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ‬‫ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻴﻜﻲ‬‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻮ‬-‫ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬‫ﺧﺎﻙ‬)‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ‬‫ﺧﺎﻥ‬‫ﻛﻤﺎﻥ‬‫ﺩﺍﺭ‬‫ﺧﺮﻡ‬‫ﺁﺑﺎﺩ‬(
‫ﺍﻣﻴﺮ‬‫ﻣﺪﺑﺮﻱ‬*
،‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﮕﻠﺪﺍﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﺠﻮﻱ‬‫ﻟﺮﺳﺘﺎﻥ‬.‫ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬ ،‫ﻟﺮﺳﺘﺎﻥ‬ ،
‫ﺣﺴﻦ‬،‫ﻣﻴﻨﺎﻳﻲ‬‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﺠﻮﻱ‬‫ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ‬‫ﺍﺭﺷﺪ‬‫ﺗﻨﻮﻉ‬‫ﺯﻳﺴﺘﻲ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ‬‫ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ‬‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ‬‫ﻋﻠﻮﻡ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬‫ﺧﻮﺯﺳﺘﺎﻥ‬.‫ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻫﻮﺍﺯ‬ ،
Amir.modabri.108@gmail.com:E-mail
:‫ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ‬20/12/1392-:‫ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺵ‬25/4/1393
‫ﭼﻜﻴﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ‬‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ‬‫ﻋﻜﺲ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﺗﻨﻮﻉ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﻏﻨﺎﻱ‬‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﻋﻠﻔﻲ‬‫ﻭ‬،‫ﭼﻮﺑﻲ‬‫ﺑـﻪ‬‫ﻋﻮﺍﻣـﻞ‬‫ﻓﻴﺰﻳـﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻴﻜﻲ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺷـﺮﺍﻳﻂ‬
‫ﺧﺎﻛﺸﻨﺎﺳﻲ‬‫ﺩﺭ‬‫ﺟﻨﮕﻞ‬‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﺯﺍﮔﺮﺱ‬،‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻱ‬‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ‬‫ﺍﻱ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ‬6/570‫ﻫﻜﺘﺎﺭ‬‫ﺍﺯ‬‫ﺟﻨﮕﻞ‬‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﺧﺎﻥ‬‫ﻛﻤﺎﻥ‬‫ﺩﺍﺭ‬‫ﻭﺍﻗـﻊ‬‫ﺩﺭ‬‫ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻟﺮﺳﺘﺎﻥ‬‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ‬‫ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‬.‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‬‫ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬‫ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ‬‫ﺗﺼﺎﺩﻓﻲ‬‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﺎﺗﻴﻚ‬‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬‫ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‬.‫ﺩﺭ‬‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ‬‫ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ‬‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﻪ‬75‫ﻗﻄﻌـﻪ‬
‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ‬20×20‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬)‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬‫ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﻪ‬‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬‫ﭘﻼﺕ‬‫ﺣﻠﺰﻭﻧﻲ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺑﺎ‬‫ﺭﻭﺵ‬‫ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ‬‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬(‫ﺩﺭ‬‫ﺷﺒﻜﻪ‬‫ﺁﻣﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬‫ﻣﺮﺑـﻊ‬
‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ‬150‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬‫ﭘﻴﺎﺩﻩ‬‫ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‬‫ﻛﻪ‬‫ﺩﺭ‬‫ﺍﻳﻦ‬‫ﻣﻴﺎﻥ‬‫ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ‬‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‬‫ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ‬‫ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ‬‫ﺧﺎﺹ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﻫﻤﮕﻦ‬‫ﻓﻴﺰﻳـﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻴﻜﻲ‬،‫ﺑﻮﺩﻧـﺪ‬‫ﺳـﭙﺲ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ‬‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ‬‫ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ‬‫ﺩﺭ‬‫ﻫﺮ‬‫ﻗﻄﻌﻪ‬‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‬‫ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷﺖ‬‫ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‬.‫ﺟﻬﺖ‬‫ﺑـ‬‫ﻪ‬‫ﺩﺳـﺖ‬‫ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ‬‫ﺍﻃﻼﻋـﺎﺕ‬‫ﺧﺎﻛﺸﻨﺎﺳـﻲ‬‫ﺍﻗـﺪﺍﻡ‬‫ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷﺖ‬‫ﭘﺮﻭﻓﻴﻞ‬‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﺧﺎﻙ‬‫ﺩﺭ‬‫ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ‬‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‬‫ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‬.‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ‬‫ﺣﺎﺻﻞ‬‫ﺍﺯ‬‫ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﺁﻣﺎﺭﻱ‬‫ﺣﺎﻛﻲ‬‫ﺍﺯ‬‫ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﻲ‬‫ﻣﻨﻔﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻴﺎﻥ‬‫ﺗﻨﻮﻉ‬‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬،‫ﻋﻠﻔﻲ‬‫ﺑﺎ‬‫ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ‬‫ﺍﺯ‬‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬‫ﺩﺭﻳﺎ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﻲ‬‫ﻣﺜﺒﺖ‬‫ﻣﻴﺎﻥ‬‫ﺗﻨﻮﻉ‬‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ‬،‫ﺩﺭﺧﺘﻲ‬‫ﺑـﺎ‬‫ﺍﺭﺗﻔـﺎﻉ‬‫ﺍﺯ‬‫ﺳـﻄﺢ‬‫ﺩﺭﻳـﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻲ‬‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬.‫ﺍﺯ‬‫ﻃﺮﻓﻲ‬‫ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﻲ‬‫ﻣﺜﺒﺖ‬‫ﻣﻴﺎﻥ‬‫ﻭﻳ‬‫ﮋﮔﻲ‬‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ‬‫ﺑﺎ‬‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ‬‫ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ‬‫ﺍﺷﺒﺎﻉ‬)‫ﺑـﻪ‬‫ﻭﻳـﮋﻩ‬‫ﺩﺭ‬‫ﺩﺍﻣﻨـﻪ‬‫ﻫـﺎﻱ‬‫ﺷـﻤﺎﻟﻲ‬(
‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬.‫ﺍﺯ‬‫ﺳﻮﻱ‬‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‬‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ‬‫ﺩﻻﻟﺖ‬‫ﺑﺮ‬‫ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ‬‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻮﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬‫ﺧﺎﻙ‬‫ﺑﺮ‬‫ﺗﻨﻮﻉ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﻏﻨﺎﻱ‬‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﻋﻠﻔﻲ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﭼـﻮﺑﻲ‬
‫ﺩﺭ‬‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ‬،‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﻪ‬‫ﻃﻮﺭﻱ‬‫ﻛﻪ‬‫ﺧﺎﻙ‬‫ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ‬‫ﺑﺎ‬‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ‬‫ﺳﻴﻠﺖ‬،‫ﺑﺎﻻ‬‫ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ‬‫ﺗﻨﻮﻉ‬‫ﺯﻳﺴﺘﻲ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﻏﻨﺎﻱ‬‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬‫ﺍﻱ‬‫ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻱ‬‫ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫ﻭﺍژ‬‫ﻩ‬‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻱ‬:‫ﺗﻨﻮﻉ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﻏﻨﺎﻱ‬‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬،‫ﺍﻱ‬،‫ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ‬‫ﺧﺎﻥ‬‫ﻛﻤﺎﻥ‬،‫ﺩﺍﺭ‬‫ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻮ‬‫ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬.
1-‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺎ‬‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ‬‫ﺭﻭﺯﺍﻓﺰﻭﻥ‬‫ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ‬‫ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﭘﻴﺸـﺮﻓﺖ‬،‫ﺻـﻨﻌﺖ‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‬‫ﻧﺎﺷﻲ‬‫ﺍﺯ‬‫ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐ‬‫ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬‫ﺭﻭﻱ‬‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬‫ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ‬‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬‫ﺷـﺪﻩ‬
‫ﻭ‬‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻱ‬‫ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ‬‫ﺭﻭﺯ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﺭﻭﺯ‬‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ‬‫ﺑﻜﺮ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ‬‫ﺧـﻮﺩ‬‫ﺭﺍ‬‫ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺩﺳﺖ‬‫ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ‬‫ﺩﺍﺩ‬.‫ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐ‬‫ﺟﻨﮕـﻞ‬‫ﻫـﺎ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﻛـﺎﻫﺶ‬‫ﻣﺴـﺎﺣﺖ‬
،‫ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‬‫ﺍﻧﻘﺮﺍﺽ‬‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﺟـﺎﻧﻮﺭﻱ‬‫ﻭ‬،‫ﮔﻴـﺎﻫﻲ‬‫ﻛـﺎﻫﺶ‬‫ﺗﻨـﻮﻉ‬
‫ﺯﻳﺴﺘﻲ‬‫ﺭﺍ‬‫ﺩﺭ‬‫ﭘﻲ‬‫ﺧﻮﺍﻫـﺪ‬‫ﺩﺍﺷـﺖ‬.‫ﺩﺭ‬‫ﺳـﺎﻝ‬‫ﻫـﺎﻱ‬‫ﺍﺧﻴـﺮ‬‫ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﻣﺤﻴﻂ‬‫ﺯﻳﺴﺘﻲ‬‫ﺟﻬﺎﻥ‬‫ﺗﻨﻮﻉ‬‫ﺯﻳﺴﺘﻲ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﻋﻨـﻮﺍﻥ‬‫ﻳﻜـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﺯﭼﺎﻟﺶ‬‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﺍﺻﻠﻲ‬‫ﻣﻄﺮﺡ‬‫ﺷﺪﻩ‬‫ﺍﺳﺖ‬.‫ﺗﻨﻮﻉ‬‫ﺯﻳﺴﺘﻲ‬‫ﺟﻨﮕﻞ‬‫ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ‬‫ﻣﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺍﺭﺯﺷﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬،‫ﺍﺳﺖ‬‫ﺯﻳﺮﺍ‬‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﻣﻮﺟـﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺩﺭ‬‫ﺟﻨﮕﻞ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺫﺧﺎﻳﺮ‬‫ژﻧﺘﻴﻜﻲ‬‫ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ‬‫ﺩﻫﻨﺪﺓ‬‫ﺁﻥ‬‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬‫ﺳﻼﻣﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻭ‬‫ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ‬‫ﺑﺸﺮ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺳـﺎﻳﺮ‬‫ﻣﻮﺟـﻮﺩﺍﺕ‬‫ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ‬‫ﺍﻫﻤﻴـﺖ‬
‫ﺑﻮﺩﻩ‬‫ﻭ‬ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﻗﻄﻌ‬‫ﻓﻘﺪﺍﻥ‬‫ﺗﻨﻮﻉ‬‫ﺯﻳﺴﺘﻲ‬‫ﺗﻬﺪﻳـﺪ‬‫ﺧﻄﺮﻧـﺎﻛﻲ‬‫ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ـﺎﻱ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺑﻘ‬‫ـﺎﻥ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺍﻧﺴ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ـﻮﺩﺍﺕ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣﻮﺟ‬ ‫ـﺎﻳﺮ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ـﻮﺏ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣﺤﺴ‬‫ـﻲ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ـﻮﺩ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺷ‬
)،‫ﻣﺤﻤﻮﺩﻱ‬1386.(‫ﺩﺭ‬‫ﺟﻮﺍﻣﻌﻲ‬‫ﻛﻪ‬‫ﺗﻨﻮﻉ‬‫ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ‬‫ﺍﻱ‬)‫ﮔﻴـﺎﻫﻲ‬
‫ﻭ‬‫ﺟﺎﻧﻮﺭﻱ‬(‫ﺑﻴﺶ‬‫ﺗﺮ‬،‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬‫ﺯﻧﺠﻴﺮﻩ‬‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﻏﺬﺍﻱ‬‫ﻃـﻮﻻﻧﻲ‬‫ﺗـﺮ‬‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺷﺒﻜﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻲ‬‫ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﻩ‬‫ﺗﺮ‬،‫ﺷﺪﻩ‬‫ﺩﺭ‬‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ‬‫ﻣﺤـﻴﻂ‬‫ﺯﻳﺴـﺖ‬
‫ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﺗﺮ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﻴﻦ‬‫ﺍﺯ‬‫ﺷـﺮﺍﻳﻂ‬‫ﺧـﻮﺩ‬‫ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻤـﻲ‬‫ﺑـﻴﺶ‬‫ﺗـﺮﻱ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ‬‫ﺍﺳﺖ‬)Widdicombe et al., 2002.(‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬‫ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ‬‫ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ‬‫ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﺑﺎ‬‫ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ‬‫ﻣﺘﻌـﺪﺩ‬‫ﻣﺤـﻴﻂ‬‫ﺯﻳﺴـﺘﻲ‬‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺗﻬﺪﻳﺪ‬‫ﺗﻨﻮﻉ‬‫ﺯﻳﺴـﺘﻲ‬‫ﻣﻮﺍﺟـﻪ‬‫ﻫﺴـﺘﻨﺪ‬)Kaya & Raynal

2. ‫ﻣﻴﻨﺎﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﺑﺮﻱ‬
‫ﺯﻳﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻮﻡ‬-‫ﺍﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻝ‬-‫ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ‬4-‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ‬139320
,2006(،‫ـﺮﻳﻦ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺑﻬﺘ‬‫ﺭﺍﻩ‬‫ـﺮﺍﻱ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ـﺎﺕ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻧﺠ‬‫ـﻮﻉ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺗﻨ‬‫ـﺘﻲ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺯﻳﺴ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺩﺭﻙ‬
‫ﺍﺭﺯﺵ‬‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬،‫ﺁﻥ‬‫ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﭘﺎﻳﺶ‬‫ﺍﺳﺖ‬.‫ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ‬‫ﺗﻨﻮﻉ‬‫ﺯﻳﺴﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﺩﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﺩﻟﻴﻞ‬‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﻛﺎﺭﻛﺮﺩ‬‫ﺍﻛﻮﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺳـﻴﺮ‬‫ﺗﺤـﻮﻝ‬
،‫ﺁﻥ‬‫ﺣﻔﻆ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺣﺮﺍﺳﺖ‬‫ﺫﺧﺎﻳﺮ‬،‫ژﻧﻲ‬‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ‬‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻣﺤﻴﻄـﻲ‬‫ﺷﻨﺎﺳـﺎﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﻭ‬‫ﻣﻨـﺎﻃﻖ‬‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳـﺐ‬‫ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ‬‫ﺣﻔـﻆ‬‫ﺗﻨـﻮﻉ‬
،‫ﺯﻳﺴـﺘﻲ‬‫ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ‬‫ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ‬‫ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ‬‫ﻣـﻲ‬‫ﮔﻴـﺮﺩ‬)Burely, 2002.(
‫ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ‬‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻲ‬‫ﺩﺭ‬‫ﻳﻚ‬‫ﺍﻛﻮﺳﻴﺴـﺘﻢ‬‫ﺑﺎﻋـﺚ‬‫ﭘﻴـﺪﺍﻳﺶ‬‫ﺗﻨـﻮﻉ‬
‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬‫ﺍﻱ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬)‫ﺣـﺎﺗﻤﻲ‬‫ﻭ‬،‫ﻫﻤﻜـﺎﺭﺍﻥ‬1389.(‫ﺍﺯ‬‫ﺟﻤﻠـﻪ‬
‫ـﻢ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣﻬ‬‫ـﺮﻳﻦ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺗ‬‫ـﻮﺍﻣﻠﻲ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ـﻪ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻛ‬‫ﺩﺭ‬‫ـﻴﻦ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺗﻌﻴ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ـﺎﺑﻲ‬‫ﺍﺭﺯﻳـ‬‫ـﻌﻴﺖ‬‫ﻭﺿـ‬
‫ﺗﻨﻮﻉ‬‫ﺯﻳﺴﺘﻲ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﻭﻳﮋﻩ‬‫ﺗﻨﻮﻉ‬‫ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ‬‫ﺩﺭ‬‫ﻳﻚ‬‫ﺑـﻮﻡ‬‫ﺳـﺎﺯﮔﺎﻥ‬‫ﺗـﺎﺛﻴﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺴﺰﺍﻳﻲ‬،‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺧﺎﻙ‬‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ‬‫ﺍﺳﺖ‬.‫ﺧـﺎﻙ‬‫ﻧﻘـﺶ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪﻩ‬‫ﺍﻱ‬‫ﺩﺭ‬‫ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ‬‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺗﻨﻮﻉ‬‫ﺩﺭ‬‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ‬‫ﮔﻴـﺎﻫﻲ‬‫ﺟﻨﮕـﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻔﺎ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬،‫ﻛﻨﺪ‬‫ﺍﺯ‬‫ﻃﺮﻑ‬‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‬‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ‬‫ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ‬‫ﻧﻴـﺰ‬‫ﻧﻘـﺶ‬‫ﻗﺎﺑـﻞ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﻬﻲ‬‫ﺩﺭ‬‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ‬‫ﺧﺎﻙ‬‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﺑﺮ‬‫ﻋﻬﺪﻩ‬‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬)‫ﺻـﺎﻟﺤﻲ‬
‫ﻭ‬،‫ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﺍﻥ‬1384.(‫ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ‬‫ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ‬‫ﻧﻴﺰ‬‫ﺑﺎ‬‫ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮﺍﺗﻲ‬‫ﻛـﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺮ‬‫ﺭﻭﻱ‬‫ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ‬،‫ﺧﺎﻙ‬‫ﺷـﻴﻤﻲ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺳـﺎﻳﺮ‬‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼـﻪ‬‫ﻫـﺎﻱ‬‫ﺁﻥ‬
،‫ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‬‫ﻧﻘﺶ‬‫ﻣﻬﻤﻲ‬‫ﺩﺭ‬‫ﭘﺮﺍﻛﻨﺶ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺗﻨـﻮﻉ‬‫ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ‬‫ﻫـﺎﻱ‬‫ﮔﻴـﺎﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭﺍ‬‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬)Enright et al.,2005.(
‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ‬‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﺍﻛﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻜﻲ‬‫ﺩﺭ‬‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ‬‫ﻛﺒﻴﺮﻛﻮﻩ‬‫ﺍﻳـﺮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻧﺸﺎﻥ‬،‫ﺩﺍﺩ‬‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ‬‫ﻋﻠﻔﻲ‬‫ﻋﻮﺍﻣـﻞ‬‫ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜـﻲ‬-‫ﺷـﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬
‫ﺧﺎﻙ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ‬‫ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ‬‫ﻫـﺎﻱ‬‫ﺩﺭﺧﺘـﻲ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺩﺭﺧﺘﭽـﻪ‬‫ﺍﻱ‬‫ﻋﻮﺍﻣـﻞ‬
‫ـﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻓﻴﺰﻳ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ـﻜﻞ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺷ‬‫ـﻴﻦ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺯﻣ‬‫ـﻢ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣﻬ‬‫ـﺮ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺗ‬‫ـﺘﻨﺪ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻫﺴ‬)‫ـﺪﻭﻱ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣﻬ‬‫ﻭ‬
،‫ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﺍﻥ‬1388.(‫ﺭﺿﻮﻱ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﺍﻥ‬)1388(،‫ﺩﺭ‬‫ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ‬
‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ‬‫ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ‬‫ﻣﻮﺛﺮ‬‫ﺑﺮ‬‫ﺗﻨـﻮﻉ‬‫ﺯﻳﺴـﺘﻲ‬‫ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻨـﺪ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺑﻴـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻧﺪ‬‫ﻛﻪ‬‫ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ‬‫ﺍﺯ‬‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬‫ﺩﺭﻳﺎ‬‫ﺑﺮ‬‫ﺭﻭﻱ‬‫ﻛﻠﻴﻪ‬‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ‬‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺗﻨﻮﻉ‬‫ﺯﻳﺴﺘﻲ‬‫ﺩﺭ‬‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ‬‫ﺷـﺪﻩ‬‫ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ‬‫ﺍﺛـﺮ‬‫ﻣﻨﻔـﻲ‬،‫ﺍﺳـﺖ‬
‫ﻫﻢ‬‫ﭼﻨـﻴﻦ‬‫ﺍﻓـﺰﺍﻳﺶ‬‫ﺩﺭﺻـﺪ‬‫ﺷـﻴﺐ‬‫ﺩﺍﻣﻨـﻪ‬‫ﻣﻮﺟـﺐ‬‫ﺍﻓـﺰﺍﻳﺶ‬
‫ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ‬‫ﺍﺭﺯﺵ‬‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ‬‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ‬‫ﺷﺪﻩ‬‫ﺍﺳﺖ‬.‫ﭘﺮﻣـﺎ‬
‫ﻭ‬‫ﺷﺘﺎﻳﻲ‬)1389(،‫ﺿﻤﻦ‬‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ‬‫ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ‬‫ﺑﻴﻦ‬‫ﺗﺎﺝ‬‫ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ‬‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺗﻨﻮﻉ‬‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﭼﻮﺑﻲ‬‫ﺑﺎ‬‫ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ‬‫ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ‬‫ﺑﻴﺎﻥ‬‫ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻧﺪ‬‫ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ‬‫ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ‬‫ﺑﺎ‬‫ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ‬‫ﺗﻨﻮﻉ‬‫ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ‬‫ﻣﻌﻨﻲ‬‫ﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬‫ﺩﺍﺭﻧـﺪ‬.
‫ﻃﺎﻟﺸﻲ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺍﻛﺒـﺮﻱ‬‫ﻧﻴـﺎ‬)1390(،‫ﺑـﻪ‬‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳـﻲ‬‫ﺗﻨـﻮﻉ‬‫ﺯﻳﺴـﺘﻲ‬
‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﭼﻮﺑﻲ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﻋﻠﻔﻲ‬‫ﺩﺭ‬‫ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ‬‫ﺑـﺎ‬‫ﻋﻮﺍﻣـﻞ‬‫ﻣﺤﻴﻄـﻲ‬‫ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺟﻨﮕﻞ‬‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ‬‫ﺑﻨﺪ‬‫ﺷﺮﻕ‬‫ﻧﻮﺷﻬﺮ‬‫ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘـﻪ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺑﻴـﺎﻥ‬‫ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻧـﺪ‬
‫ﻛﻪ‬‫ﺑﻴﻦ‬‫ﻋﻮﺍﻣـﻞ‬‫ﺷـﻴﺐ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺍﺭﺗﻔـﺎﻉ‬‫ﺑـﺎ‬‫ﻏﻨـﺎ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺗﻨـﻮﻉ‬‫ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ‬‫ﺍﻱ‬
‫ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﻲ‬‫ﻣﻌﻨﻲ‬‫ﺩﺍﺭ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﻣﺜﺒﺘﻲ‬‫ﻭﺟـﻮﺩ‬‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬.‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻧﺠـﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ‬‫ﺩﺭ‬‫ﺑﻠﻮﻁ‬‫ﺯﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ‬‫ﻣﺪﻳﺘﺮﺍﻧﻪ‬‫ﺷﻴﻠﻲ‬‫ﻧﺸـﺎﻥ‬‫ﺩﺍﺩ‬‫ﻛـﻪ‬
‫ﺟﻬﺖ‬،‫ﺟﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬‫ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ‬‫ﺯﻳـﺎﺩﻱ‬‫ﺑـﺮ‬‫ﻏﻨـﺎﻱ‬‫ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ‬‫ﺍﻱ‬‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬‫ﻭ‬
‫ﻏﻨﺎﻱ‬‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬‫ﺍﻱ‬‫ﺩﺭ‬‫ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﺟﻨـﻮﺑﻲ‬‫ﺁﻥ‬‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﻪ‬‫ﺑـﻴﺶ‬‫ﺗـﺮ‬‫ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ‬‫ﺍﺳﺖ‬)Badano et al.,2005.(
‫ﺟﻨﮕﻞ‬‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﺯﺍﮔﺮﺱ‬‫ﺍﺯ‬‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬‫ﻫـﺎﻱ‬‫ﮔﻴـﺎﻫﻲ‬‫ﻭ‬،‫ﺟـﺎﻧﻮﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺫﺧﺎﻳﺮ‬‫ژﻧﺘﻴﻜﻲ‬‫ﻣﺮﺍﺗﻊ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ‬‫ﻋﻠﻔـﻲ‬‫ﻭﻏﻴـﺮﻩ‬‫ﺑﺴـﻴﺎﺭ‬‫ﻏﻨـﻲ‬
‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬)،‫ﻣﻴﺮﺯﺍﻳﻲ‬1376.(‫ﺑﺎ‬‫ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ‬‫ﺑـﻪ‬‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﺎﺕ‬‫ﻣﺤـﺪﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ‬‫ﺷﺪﻩ‬‫ﺩﺭ‬‫ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ‬‫ﻱ‬‫ﺗﻨﻮﻉ‬‫ﺯﻳﺴﺘﻲ‬‫ﺩﺭ‬‫ﺟﻨﮕﻞ‬‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﺯﺍﮔـﺮﺱ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺩ‬‫ﻻﺯﻡ‬‫ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻧﻴﻢ‬‫ﺗﺎ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﺍﻧﺠـﺎﻡ‬‫ﺍﻳـﻦ‬‫ﺗﺤﻘﻴـﻖ‬‫ﺑﭙـﺮﺩﺍﺯﻳﻢ‬.‫ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻫﺪﺍﻑ‬‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ‬‫ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‬‫ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ‬‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬‫ﻫـﺎﻱ‬‫ﻋﻠﻔـﻲ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﭼـﻮﺑﻲ‬
‫ـﻪ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘ‬‫ـﺎﻥ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺧ‬‫ـﺎﻥ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻛﻤ‬‫ﺩﺍﺭ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ـﻴﻦ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨ‬‫ـﻴﻦ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺗﻌﻴ‬‫ـﺶ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻧﻘ‬‫ـﻞ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻋﻮﺍﻣ‬
‫ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻚ‬-‫ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬‫ﺧـﺎﻙ‬‫ﺑـﺮ‬‫ﺗﻨـﻮﻉ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﻏﻨـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬‫ﺍﻱ‬‫ﺩﺭ‬‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬،‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬‫ﺗﺎ‬‫ﺑﺪﻳﻦ‬‫ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ‬‫ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻥ‬‫ﺑـﺎ‬‫ﺩﻳـﺪﻱ‬
‫ﺑﻬﺘﺮ‬‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﺍﺣﻴﺎ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺑﻬﺮﻩ‬‫ﻭﺭﻱ‬‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻲ‬‫ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎﻥ‬‫ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ‬‫ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‬.
2-‫ﺭﻭﺵ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩ‬‫ﻫﺎ‬
2-1-‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ‬‫ﺍﻳﻦ‬،‫ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ‬‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ‬‫ﺧﺎﻥ‬‫ﻛﻤـﺎﻥ‬‫ﺩﺍﺭ‬‫ﺑـﺎ‬‫ﻣﺴـﺎﺣﺖ‬
6/570‫ﻫﻜﺘﺎﺭ‬‫ﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬‫ﺩﺭ‬‫ﺟﻨﻮﺏ‬‫ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎﻥ‬‫ﺧـﺮﻡ‬‫ﺁﺑـﺎﺩ‬)‫ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻟﺮﺳﺘﺎﻥ‬(‫ﺑﺎ‬‫ﻋﺮﺽ‬‫ﺟﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬33· 26’ 03”‫ﺗﺎ‬33· 27’
47”‫ﺷـﻤﺎﻟﻲ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺩﺭ‬‫ﻃـﻮﻝ‬‫ﺟﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴـﺎﻳﻲ‬48· 11’06”‫ﺗـﺎ‬
48· 13’ 25”‫ﺷـﺮﻗﻲ‬‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨـﺎﺏ‬،‫ﮔﺮﺩﻳـﺪ‬‫ّـﺖ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨـﺎﺏ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ‬‫ﺗﻨﻮﻉ‬‫ﺗﻮﭘﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ‬‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ‬‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ‬‫ﻣﺘـﺮﺍﻛﻢ‬‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺗﻨﻮﻉ‬‫ﺑﺎﻻﻱ‬‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﮔﻴـﺎﻫﻲ‬‫ﻣـﻲ‬‫ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‬)‫ﺷـﻜﻞ‬1.(‫ﺩﺍﻣﻨـﻪ‬
‫ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻋﻲ‬‫ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷﺖ‬‫ﺷﺪﻩ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ‬GPS‫ﺍﺯ‬1250‫ﺗـﺎ‬2100
‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬‫ﺍﺯ‬‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬‫ﺩﺭﻳﺎ‬،‫ﺑﻮﺩ‬‫ﺷﻴﺐ‬‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ‬‫ﺑـﻴﻦ‬2‫ﺗـﺎ‬‫ﺑـﻴﺶ‬‫ﺍﺯ‬65
‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ‬‫ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ‬،‫ﺍﺳﺖ‬‫ﺑﺎ‬‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﻧﻴﻤﻪ‬‫ﻛﻮﻫﺴﺘﺎﻧﻲ‬‫ﺑﻮﺩﻥ‬‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ‬
‫ـﻴﺐ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺷ‬‫ـﻂ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳ‬‫ﺁﻥ‬28%‫ـﻲ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ـﺪ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺑﺎﺷ‬.‫ـﻪ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘ‬‫ـﺬﻛﻮﺭ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺁﺏ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﻫﻮﺍﻱ‬‫ﻧﻴﻤﻪ‬‫ﺧﺸﻚ‬‫ﺑﻮﺩﻩ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺑﻴﺶ‬‫ﺗﺮ‬‫ﺑﺎﺭﺵ‬‫ﺑـﻪ‬‫ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺭﺍﻥ‬‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬‫ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‬.‫ﺍﺯ‬‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬‫ﺍﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ‬‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ‬‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬‫ﻳﻚ‬
‫ﻧﻮﻉ‬‫ﺁﺏ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﻫﻮﺍﻱ‬‫ﻣﺪﻳﺘﺮﺍﻧﻪ‬‫ﺍﻱ‬‫ﺑﺎ‬‫ﺍﻗﻠﻴﻢ‬‫ﺳﺮﺩ‬،‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬‫ﻓﺼﻞ‬‫ﺧﺸﻚ‬
‫ﺩﺭ‬‫ﺗﺎﺑﺴـﺘﺎﻥ‬‫ﻭﺟـﻮﺩ‬‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺍﻏﻠـﺐ‬‫ـﻪ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﭼﻬـﺎﺭ‬‫ﻣـﺎﻩ‬‫ﺩﺭ‬‫ـﺎﻝ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺳ‬

3. ‫ﺗﻨﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ‬‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻏﻨﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺴﺘﻲ‬‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻮ‬ ‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻴﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ‬-‫ﺧﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬
21‫ﺯﻳﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻮﻡ‬-‫ﺍﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻝ‬-‫ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ‬4-‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ‬1393
‫ﻣﻲ‬‫ﺭﺳـﺪ‬.‫ﺑـﺮ‬‫ﻃﺒـﻖ‬‫ﺁﻣـﺎﺭ‬‫ﻫﻮﺍﺷﻨﺎﺳـﻲ‬‫ﺧـﺮﻡ‬‫ﺁﺑـﺎﺩ‬‫ﻣﻴـﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺭﻧﺪﮔﻲ‬‫ﺳﺎﻟﻴﺎﻧﻪ‬‫ﺩﺭ‬‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬4/491‫ﻣﻴﻠﻲ‬‫ﻣﺘـﺮ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳـﻂ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺟﻪ‬‫ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ‬‫ﻣﺎﻫﺎﻧﻪ‬58/16‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲ‬‫ﮔﺮﺍﺩ‬،‫ﺍﺳﺖ‬‫ﺳـﺮﺩﺗﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻩ‬‫ﺳﺎﻝ‬‫ﺩﻱ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﮔﺮﻡ‬‫ﺗﺮﻳﻦ‬‫ﺁﻥ‬‫ﻣﺮﺩﺍﺩ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬‫ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‬.‫ﺑـﺎ‬‫ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ‬‫ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ـﻮﻉ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺗﻨ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ـﺮﺍﺕ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴ‬‫ـﺮﺍﻳﻂ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺷ‬‫ـﻲ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜ‬‫ـﻪ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻛ‬‫ﺩﺭ‬‫ـﻄﺢ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ـﻪ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘ‬
‫ﺧﺎﻥ‬‫ﻛﻤﺎﻥ‬‫ﺩﺍﺭ‬‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬،‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬‫ﻋﻼﻭﻩ‬‫ﺑـﺮ‬‫ﺑﺮﺧـﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬‫ﺍﺯ‬‫ﻏﻨـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻻﻱ‬،‫ﺯﻳﺴﺘﻲ‬‫ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ‬‫ﺍﺭﺯﺵ‬‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﮔﺮﺩﺷﮕﺮﻱ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺍﻛﻮﺗﻮﺭﻳﺴـﻢ‬
‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ‬‫ﻧﻴﺰ‬‫ﻫﺴﺖ‬.
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬1.‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ‬
-‫ﺁﻣﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ـﻪ‬‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧـ‬‫ـﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬‫ﺑـ‬‫ـﻪ‬‫ﺑـ‬‫ـﻮﺭﺕ‬‫ﺻـ‬‫ـﻨﻈﻢ‬‫ﻣـ‬-‫ـﺎﺩﻓﻲ‬‫ﺗﺼـ‬‫ـﺎ‬‫ﺑـ‬‫ـﺒﻜﻪ‬‫ﺷـ‬
‫ﺁﻣﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬‫ﻣﺮﺑﻊ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﺍﺑﻌـﺎﺩ‬150‫ﻣﺘـﺮ‬‫ﭘـﺲ‬‫ﺍﺯ‬‫ﺗﻌﻴـﻴﻦ‬‫ﺷـﺪﺕ‬
،‫ﺁﻣﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬‫ﺗﻌـﺪﺍﺩ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﻣﺴـﺎﺣﺖ‬‫ﻗﻄﻌـﺎﺕ‬‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪ‬‫ﺑـﻪ‬‫ﺭﻭﺵ‬
‫ـﺪﺍﻗﻞ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺣ‬،‫ـﻄﺢ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺁﻥ‬‫ـﻢ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻫ‬‫ـﻪ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ـﻮﺭﺕ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺻ‬‫ـﻲ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺣﻠﺰﻭﻧ‬‫ﺩﺭ‬‫ـﺖ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻧﻬﺎﻳ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ‬400‫ﻣﺘﺮﻣﺮﺑﻊ‬‫ﺑـﺎ‬‫ﺍﺑﻌـﺎﺩ‬20×20‫ﻣﺘـﺮ‬،‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨـﺎﺏ‬‫ﻛـﻪ‬
‫ـﺪﺍﺩ‬‫ﺗﻌـ‬75‫ـﻪ‬‫ﻗﻄﻌـ‬‫ـﻪ‬‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧـ‬‫ـﺨﺺ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣﺸ‬‫ـﺪ‬‫ﮔﺮﺩﻳـ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ـﺎﺕ‬‫ﻣﺨﺘﺼـ‬
‫ﺟﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬‫ﺍﻳﻦ‬‫ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﺯ‬‫ﺭﻭﻱ‬‫ﻧﻘﺸـﻪ‬‫ﺍﺳـﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺟﻬـﺖ‬
‫ﻣﻜﺎﻥ‬‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻲ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ‬‫ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ‬‫ﻳﺎﺏ‬‫ﺟﻬـﺎﻧﻲ‬‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬‫ﺷـﺪ‬.‫ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺧﻞ‬‫ﻫﺮ‬‫ﻗﻄﻌﻪ‬،‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪ‬‫ﻧـﻮﻉ‬‫ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ‬‫ﻫـﺎﻱ‬‫ﭼـﻮﺑﻲ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺩﺭﺻـﺪ‬
‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ‬‫ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‬‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬‫ﺷﺪ‬.‫ﻋﻼﻭﻩ‬‫ﺑﺮ‬‫ﺁﻥ‬‫ﺩﺭ‬‫ﺩﺍﺧﻞ‬‫ﻫـﺮ‬‫ﻗﻄﻌـﻪ‬
،‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‬‫ﺷﻴﺐ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ‬‫ﺷﻴﺐ‬‫ﺳﻨﺞ‬،‫ﺳﻮﻧﺘﻮ‬‫ﺟﻬـﺖ‬‫ﺑـﻪ‬‫ﻭﺳـﻴﻠﻪ‬
‫ﺟﻬﺖ‬‫ﻳﺎﺏ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ‬‫ﺍﺯ‬‫ﺳـﻄﺢ‬‫ﺩﺭﻳـﺎ‬‫ﺑـﻪ‬‫ﻭﺳـﻴﻠﻪ‬GPS‫ﺛﺒـﺖ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‬.‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ‬‫ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷﺖ‬‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ‬‫ﻋﻠﻔﻲ‬‫ﺩﺭ‬‫ﺩﺍﺧﻞ‬‫ﻫﺮ‬‫ﻗﻄﻌـﻪ‬
‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‬‫ﭼﻬـﺎﺭ‬‫ﻣﻴﻜـﺮﻭﭘﻼﺕ‬‫ﺑـﻪ‬‫ﺍﺑﻌـﺎﺩ‬5/1‫ﺩﺭ‬5/1‫ﻣﺘـﺮ‬‫ﻛـﻪ‬
‫ـﺎﺣﺖ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣﺴـ‬‫ـﺎ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺁﻧﻬـ‬‫ـﺎ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺑـ‬‫ـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺍﺳـ‬‫ﺍﺯ‬‫ﺭﻭﺵ‬‫ـﺪﺍﻗﻞ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺣـ‬‫ـﻄﺢ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺳـ‬
)Cain,1938(‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬‫ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﻧﻮﻉ‬،‫ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ‬‫ﺩﺭﺻـﺪ‬‫ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ‬
‫ﺁﻧﻬــــــﺎ‬‫ﻧﻴــــــﺰ‬‫ﺑــــــﻪ‬‫ﺭﻭﺵ‬‫ﺑــــــﺮﺍﻭﻥ‬-‫ﺑﻼﻧﻜــــــﻪ‬
)(Braun–Blanquet,1964‫ﺑﺮﺁﻭﺭﺩ‬‫ﺷﺪ‬.‫ﺩﺭ‬‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ‬300
‫ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﭘﻼﺕ‬‫ﻣﺮﺑﻌﻲ‬‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬‫ﺩﺭ‬‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ‬‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ‬‫ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷـﺖ‬
‫ﺷﺪ‬.‫ﺟﻬﺖ‬‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‬‫ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬‫ﺍﺯ‬‫ﺧﺎﻙ‬‫ﺍﺯ‬‫ﺭﻭﺵ‬‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲ‬)Targa
et al., 2007(‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬،‫ﺷﺪ‬‫ﻛﻪ‬‫ﺩﺭ‬‫ﭼﻬـﺎﺭ‬‫ﮔﻮﺷـﻪ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﻣﺮﻛـﺰ‬
‫ﭘﻼﺕ‬‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‬‫ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬‫ﺍﺯ‬‫ﻋﻤﻖ‬0-30‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲ‬‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ‬‫ﺷـﺪ‬‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺧﺎﻙ‬‫ﺭﺍ‬‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ‬،‫ﻛﺮﺩﻩ‬‫ﻳﻚ‬‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪ‬‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒـﻲ‬‫ﺑـﻪ‬‫ﺩﺳـﺖ‬‫ﺁﻣـﺪ‬
)Maranon,1999(،‫ﺳﭙﺲ‬‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﺧﺎﻙ‬‫ﺩﺭ‬‫ﻫﻮﺍﻱ‬‫ﺁﺯﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺧﺸﻚ‬‫ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺍﺯ‬‫ﺍﻟﻚ‬2‫ﻣﻴﻠﻲ‬‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬‫ﻋﺒﻮﺭ‬‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬‫ﺷـﺪ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﻣﻴـﺰﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ‬‫ﺳﻨﮕﺮﻳﺰﻩ‬‫ﺁﻥ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﺩﺳﺖ‬‫ﺁﻣﺪ‬.‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‬‫ﻫـﺎﻱ‬‫ﺧـﺎﻙ‬‫ﺟﻬـﺖ‬
‫ﺩﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜـﻮ‬‫ﺷـﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬‫ﺑـﻪ‬‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸـﮕﺎﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ‬‫ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻨﺪ‬.
-‫ﺗﺠﺰ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﻪ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺗﺤﻠ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬‫ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻏﻨﺎ‬‫ﻱ‬‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻱ‬‫ﺑﺎ‬‫ﺷﻤﺎﺭﺵ‬‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ‬‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬‫ﺩﺭ‬‫ﺩﺍﺧﻞ‬‫ﻫـﺮ‬‫ﻗﻄﻌـﻪ‬
‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺗﻨﻮﻉ‬‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻱ‬‫ﺑﺎ‬‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬‫ﺍﺯ‬‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ‬‫ﺷـﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬-‫ﻭ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﻨـﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬‫ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‬(Shanon & Weaner, 1949).‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳ‬‫ﻲ‬‫ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻦ‬‫ﻏﻨﺎ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺗﻨﻮﻉ‬‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻱ‬‫ﺑﺎ‬‫ﻋﻮﺍﻣـﻞ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺰ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﻜـ‬‫ﻲ‬-
‫ﺷ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻳﻲ‬‫ﺧﺎﻙ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺰ‬‫ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺰ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻚ‬)‫ﺷ‬‫ﻴ‬،‫ﺐ‬‫ﺟﻬـﺖ‬‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ‬‫ﺍﺯ‬‫ﺳـﻄﺢ‬‫ﺩﺭ‬‫ﻳـ‬‫ﺎ‬(‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬‫ﻫـﺎ‬‫ﻭﺍﺭﺩ‬‫ﻧـﺮﻡ‬‫ﺍﻓـﺰﺍﺭ‬SPSS20
‫ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﻧﺮﻣﺎﻝ‬‫ﺑﻮﺩﻥ‬‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﺍﺯ‬‫ﻃﺮ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﻖ‬‫ﺁﺯﻣـﻮﻥ‬‫ﻛﻮﻟﻤـﻮﮔﺮﻑ‬-
‫ﺍﺳﻤ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺮﻧﻮﻑ‬‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳ‬‫ﻲ‬‫ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ‬‫ﮔﺮﻓـﺖ‬.‫ﺑـﻪ‬‫ﻣﻨﻈـﻮﺭ‬‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳـ‬‫ﻲ‬
‫ﻣ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺰﺍﻥ‬‫ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕ‬‫ﻲ‬‫ﻫـﺮ‬‫ﻳـ‬‫ﻚ‬‫ﺍﺯ‬‫ﻋﻮﺍﻣـﻞ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺰ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﻜـ‬‫ﻲ‬-‫ﺷـ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻳﻲ‬
‫ﺧﺎﻙ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺰ‬‫ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺰ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻚ‬‫ﺑﺎ‬‫ﻏﻨﺎ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺗﻨـﻮﻉ‬‫ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ‬‫ﻫـﺎ‬‫ﻱ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻔ‬‫ﻲ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﭼﻮﺑ‬‫ﻲ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﻃﻮﺭ‬‫ﻣﺠﺰﺍ‬‫ﺑﺎ‬‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﻧﺮﻣﺎﻝ‬‫ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻥ‬‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬‫ﻫـﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺯ‬‫ﺿﺮ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺐ‬‫ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕ‬‫ﻲ‬‫ﺍﺳﭙ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺮﻣﻦ‬‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬‫ﺷﺪ‬)Zar,1999.(
3-‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬94‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬11‫ﻣﺘﻌﻠـﻖ‬ ‫ﭼﻮﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺑــﻪ‬73‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺟــﻨﺲ‬17‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌــﻪ‬ ‫ﻣــﻮﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘــﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺧــﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﻩ‬ ،‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ‬‫ﻱ‬‫ﻧﻴﺎﻡ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺲ‬ ‫ﺳﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻥ‬14‫ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ‬
‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ‬‫ﻧﺘـﺎﻳﺞ‬ .‫ﺩﺍﺩﻧـﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬
‫ـﻪ‬‫ـ‬‫ﮔﻮﻧ‬ ‫ـﻴﻦ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ـﻪ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ـﺖ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺍﺳ‬ ‫ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ـﺎﻛﻲ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺣ‬‫ـﻪ‬‫ـ‬‫ﮔﻮﻧ‬ ،‫ـﻲ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻋﻠﻔ‬ ‫ـﺎﻱ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻫ‬
L.)PERS.(Cynodon dactylon‫ﻭ‬Capsellabursa-
pastoris (L.) Medicus‫ﺑﺎ‬65‫ﺣﻀﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ‬‫ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬

4. ‫ﻣﻴﻨﺎﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﺑﺮﻱ‬
‫ﺯﻳﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻮﻡ‬-‫ﺍﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻝ‬-‫ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ‬4-‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ‬139322
‫ﺣﻀـ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺸـﺘﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺷـﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻮﺭ‬‫ﮔﻮﻧـﺔ‬ ‫ﺁﻧﻬـﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﭘـﺲ‬
Achillea bibersteinii Afan.‫ﺑـﺎ‬43‫ﺣﻀـﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺻـﺪ‬
‫ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬ ،‫ﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻧﺸـﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﺘـﺎﻳﺞ‬ .‫ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺛﺒﺖ‬
‫ﮔﻮﻧــﻪ‬ ‫ﺑــﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌــﻪ‬.‫ﭼــﻮﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﻫــﺎﻱ‬Quercus brantti
Linddl‫ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺣﻀﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬85‫ﺣﻀﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ‬ %
‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺼـﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﻭ‬‫ﻧﺘـﺎﻳﺞ‬ .‫ﺍﺳـﺖ‬
‫ﻃﺒﻘﻪ‬‫ﺑﻨـ‬‫ﻓـﺮﻡ‬ ‫ﺪﻱ‬‫ﻧﺸـﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻧﻴـﺰ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﻧﻜـﺎﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻳﺸـﻲ‬ ‫ﻫـﺎﻱ‬‫ﻛـﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻭﻓﻴﺖ‬‫ﻛﺎﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﻓﻴﺖ‬‫ﺑـﻴﺶ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺗﻴـﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﻛﻤﺘـﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗـﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻓﺮﻡ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬.‫ﺩﻫﻨـﺪ‬
‫ـﺖ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺟﻬ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ـﻪ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ـﺘﮕﻲ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻫﻤﺒﺴ‬ ‫ـﺎﻳﺞ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻧﺘ‬ ‫ـﺎﺱ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺑﺮﺍﺳ‬‫ـﻒ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠ‬ ‫ـﺎﻱ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻫ‬
‫ﺑـﻪ‬ (‫ﺟﻨـﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻏـﺮﺏ‬ ،‫)ﺷﻤﺎﻝ‬،‫ﺷـﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺠـﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺠـﺰﺍ‬ ‫ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ‬
‫ﻏﻨـﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ‬‫ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻔـﻲ‬ ‫ﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻧﺘـﺎﻳﺞ‬ .‫ﺩﺍﺭﻧـﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺒﺴـﺘﮕﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﭼﻮﺑﻲ‬
‫ﻧﺸﺎﻥ‬‫ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺩ‬‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﺑـﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻔـﻲ‬ ‫ﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ‬‫ﻣـﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺑـﺎ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻔـﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺒﺴـﺘﮕﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﻳـﺎ‬ ‫ﻄﺢ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺁﻟـﻲ‬
‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻮﻉ‬ .‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺷﺒﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ‬‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﺷﺒﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ‬ ،‫ﺩﺭﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﭼﻮﺑﻲ‬‫ﻣﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﻲ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﻲ‬ ‫ﺁﻟﻲ‬
‫ﺣﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ،‫ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻔﻲ‬‫ﻋﻮﺍﻣـﻞ‬ ‫ﺳـﺎﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﻛـﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺳـﺖ‬
‫ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ‬-‫ﻣﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬‫ﻏﻨـﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬‫ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﭼﻮﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫)ﺟﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺪ‬1.(
‫ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ‬‫ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻧﺸﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻏﺮﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﺍﻳـﻦ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪ‬‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﻫﻤﺒﺴـﺘﮕﻲ‬ ‫ﺁﻫـﻚ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺻـﺪ‬ ‫ﺑـﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻫﻤﺒﺴـﺘﮕﻲ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺒﺖ‬
‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ‬ .‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻔﻲ‬‫ﭼﻮﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻧﺸﺎﻥ‬‫ﻣـﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻮﻉ‬ ،‫ﺩﺍﺩ‬‫ﺁﻟـﻲ‬ ‫ﻱ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺒﺴــﺘﮕﻲ‬‫ﻣﻌﻨــﻲ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺜﺒــﺖ‬‫)ﺟــﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭ‬2‫ﻧﺘــﺎﻳﺞ‬ .(
‫ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﻲ‬‫ﻛـﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺳـﺖ‬ ‫ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺣـﺎﻛﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻮﻉ‬‫ﺷـﻦ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺻـﺪ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺷـﻮﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﻴـﺰﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺑـﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻔـﻲ‬ ‫ﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺜﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺷﺒﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﻲ‬
‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ‬ ،‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺷـﻦ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﭼﻮﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﻠﺖ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﻲ‬ ‫ﺭﺱ‬‫ﺍﺷـﺒﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺭﻃﻮﺑـﺖ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﻲ‬‫)ﺟﺪﻭﻝ‬3.(
‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ‬1.‫ﺑﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﭙﻴﺮﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﻲ‬ ‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ‬‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻏﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﭼﻮﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬‫ﭼﻮﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺗﻨﻮﻉ‬‫ﻏﻨﺎ‬‫ﺗﻨﻮﻉ‬‫ﻏﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺁﻫﻚ‬118/0194/0136/0128/0
‫ﺍﺳﻴﺪﻳﺘﻪ‬PH232/0-288/0-016/0096/0
‫ﺩﺭﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ‬*
487/0-247/0-**
624/0**
594/0
‫ﭘﺘﺎﺳﻴﻢ‬114/0-216/0-274/0111/0
‫ﺍﺷﺒﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ‬*
482/0*
476/0*
490/0256/0
‫ﺷﻦ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ‬184/0-215/0095/0033/0
‫ﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ‬174/0-229/0-049/0184/0
‫ﺳﻴﻠﺖ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ‬197/0218/0095/0-022/0-
‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ‬‫ﺳﻨﮕﺮﻳﺰﻩ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﮓ‬202/0236/0153/0142/0-
‫ﺷﻮﺭﻱ‬158/0-192/0-072/0-114/0-
‫ﺷﻴﺐ‬340/0-321/0-**
499/0281/0-
‫ﻧﻴﺘﺮﻭژﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬124/0-189./0-224/0292/0
‫ﺁﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ‬**
536/0*
496/0**
524/0*
482/0
‫ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ‬ ‫ﻭﺯﻥ‬04/0-11/001/0-249/0-
‫ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻑ‬ **01/0
‫ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫*ﻣﻌﺮﻑ‬05/0

5. ‫ﺗﻨﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ‬‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻏﻨﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺴﺘﻲ‬‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻮ‬ ‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻴﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ‬-‫ﺧﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬
23‫ﺯﻳﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻮﻡ‬-‫ﺍﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻝ‬-‫ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ‬4-‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ‬1393
‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ‬2‫ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﭙﻴﺮﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﻲ‬ ‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ‬ .‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻏﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ‬‫ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﭼﻮﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﻏﺮﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬‫ﭼﻮﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺗﻨﻮﻉ‬‫ﻏﻨﺎ‬‫ﺗﻨﻮﻉ‬‫ﻏﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺁﻫﻚ‬*
468/0363/0147/0129/0-
‫ﺍﺳﻴﺪﻳﺘﻪ‬PH340/0-369/0-280/0-269/0-
‫ﺩﺭﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ‬*
482/0-267/0-**
569/0376/0
‫ﭘﺘﺎﺳﻴﻢ‬185/0108/0-367/0-369/0-
‫ﺍﺷﺒﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ‬238/0149/0310/0218/0
‫ﺷﻦ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ‬019/0-058/0-349/0310/0
‫ﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ‬014/0053/0-356/0-231/0-
‫ﺳﻴﻠﺖ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ‬176/0054/0-359/0-210/0-
‫ﺳﻨﮕﺮﻳﺰﻩ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﮓ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ‬241/0252/0329/0-352/0-
‫ﺷﻮﺭﻱ‬**
526/0-**
510/0-329/0-401/0-
‫ﺷﻴﺐ‬89/0-119/0321/0228/0
‫ﻧﻴﺘﺮﻭژﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬185/073/0-039/0006/0-
‫ﺁﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ‬085/0-286/0-*
494/0202/0
‫ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ‬ ‫ﻭﺯﻥ‬046/0-146/0301/0-296/0
‫ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻑ‬ **01/0
‫ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫*ﻣﻌﺮﻑ‬05/0
‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ‬3‫ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﭙﻴﺮﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﻲ‬ ‫.ﺿﺮﻳﺐ‬‫ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﭼﻮﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻏﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ‬‫ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎ‬‫ﻋﻠﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬‫ﭼﻮﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺗﻨﻮﻉ‬‫ﻏﻨﺎ‬‫ﺗﻨﻮﻉ‬‫ﻏﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺁﻫﻚ‬310/0241/0415/0326/0
‫ﺍﺳﻴﺪﻳﺘﻪ‬PH282/0215/0117/0119/0
‫ﺩﺭﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ‬346/0-216/0-329/0356/0
‫ﭘﺘﺎﺳﻴﻢ‬123/0-217/0-202/0124/0
‫ﺍﺷﺒﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ‬*
427/0*
438/0*
459/0*
448/0
‫ﺷﻦ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ‬*
428/0-317/0**
549/0-**
597/0-
‫ﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ‬553/0-317/0-**
596/0-**
749/0-
‫ﺳﻴﻠﺖ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ‬436/0318/0**
654/0**
699/0
‫ﺳﻨﮕﺮﻳﺰﻩ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﮓ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ‬118/0-178/0354/0416/0
‫ﺷﻮﺭﻱ‬*
498/0-347/0-09/0-124/0-
‫ﺷﻴﺐ‬229/0311/0117/0-216/0
‫ﻧﻴﺘﺮﻭژﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬035/0225/0084/0-069/0
‫ﺁﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ‬200/0256/0127/0082/0
‫ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ‬ ‫ﻭﺯﻥ‬346/0-298/0-259/0321/0
‫ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻑ‬ **01/0
‫ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫*ﻣﻌﺮﻑ‬05/0

6. ‫ﻣﻴﻨﺎﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﺑﺮﻱ‬
24‫ﺯﻳﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻮﻡ‬-‫ﺍﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻝ‬-‫ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ‬4-‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ‬1393
4-‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﺚ‬‫ﮔﻴﺮﻱ‬
‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺑﺴـﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻳﺸـﮕﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﺣﻀﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﻀﻮﺭ‬
‫ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ‬ ،‫ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ‬-‫ﺧـﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬
‫ﺟﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻭ‬‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ‬‫ﻣﻬﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬‫ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ‬ ‫ﻏﻨـﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻨـﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ‬‫ﮔﻴـﺎﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻫـﺎﻱ‬
) ‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮﮔﺬﺍﺭ‬Enright et al.,2005‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻳﻬﻲ‬ .(
‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﻬﻢ‬ ،‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻛﻢ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ‬ ‫ﻏﻨـﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻛﺪﺍﻡ‬‫ﺍﻱ‬
‫ﻭ‬ ‫)ﻣﻬﺪﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ‬،‫ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﺍﻥ‬1389.(
‫ﻧﺸﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻫﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ‬ ‫ﻏﻨﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﻳﺎ‬‫ﺍﻳـﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭ‬
) ‫ﻫﻤﻜـﺎﺭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺣﺠـﺎﺯﻱ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬1998‫ﺍﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻤـﻲ‬ ،(
) ‫ﻛﺒﺮﻳﺎ‬1381) ‫ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ (2004‫ﻫﻢ‬ (.‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺍﻧﻲ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻱ‬‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻳﺶ‬
‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﻢ‬) ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺑـﺎ‬ ‫ﻛـﻪ‬ ‫ﺷـﻮﺩ‬Hagazy et al.,1998;
Fisher et al., 2004‫ﻫﻢ‬ (‫ﺳـﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺗﻔـﺎﻉ‬ ،‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺧـﻮﺍﻧﻲ‬
‫ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﻳﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺪﻩ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬ ،‫ﮔﺬﺍﺭﺩ‬‫ﺑـﻮﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳـﺐ‬ ‫ﺳـﺒﺐ‬
‫ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺟﻪ‬‫ﻋﻠﻔـﻲ‬ ‫ﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺸ‬‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻌﻜﺲ‬ ،‫ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺘﺮ‬‫ﺑـﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﭼﻮﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺪﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ‬ً‫ﻻ‬‫ﺍﺣﺘﻤـﺎ‬ ،‫ﻛﻨـﺪ‬
‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺷﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‬‫ﭼـﻮﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺧﺘﭽﻪ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫)ﺩﺭﺧﺘﻲ‬‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻋﻜﺲ‬ (‫ﺍﻱ‬‫ﺳـﻤﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻏﻨـﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻨـﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﻨـﺪ‬ ‫ﭘﻴـﺪﺍ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻕ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬‫ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻫـﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻋ‬‫ﻛﻢ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺎﺕ‬،‫ﻫﻤﻜـﺎﺭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫)ﻣﻴﺮﺯﺍﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺮ‬1387.(
‫ﺗﻨـﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻛـﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺳـﺖ‬ ‫ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻛﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ‬‫ﻭ‬
‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻏﻨﺎﻱ‬‫ﺩﺍﻣﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﺷﻤ‬‫ﺭﻃﻮﺑـﺖ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺻـﺪ‬ ‫ﺑـﺎ‬ ‫ﺎﻟﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﺷﺒﺎﻉ‬‫ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ‬ ‫ﺁﻟﻲ‬‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻔـﻲ‬ ‫ﮔﻴﺎﻫـﺎﻥ‬ .‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻱ‬
،‫ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺸـﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺭﻃﻮﺑـﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﺟﺎ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﺁﺏ‬
‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ‬‫ﻫ‬‫ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ‬ ‫ﻏﻨـﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻧﻈـﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﭼﻪ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﭼﻪ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺍﻱ‬
‫ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻥ‬‫ﺑﺴـﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﺠـﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺧـﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﺁﻟـﻲ‬ ‫ﻣـﻮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻧﻘـﺶ‬ ،‫ﺗﺮﻫﺴـﺘﻨﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺍﺭﮔﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻌـﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻓـﺰﺍﻳﺶ‬ ،‫ﻫـﺎ‬
‫ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ‬‫ﻛـﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺁﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻏﺬﺍﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬ ،‫ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻧﮕـﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻓـﺰﺍﻳﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬‫ﺍﻓـﺰﺍﻳﺶ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻏـﺬﺍﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺎﺻـﺮ‬ ،‫ﺁﺏ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ،‫ﺁﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻮﺋﻴﺪﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﻛﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻃﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺎﺩﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ‬ ،‫ﻭﻳﮋﻩ‬
‫ﻣـﻲ‬ ‫ﺧـﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜـﻲ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬‫ﺷـﻮﺩ‬‫)ﺣـﺎﺟﻲ‬،‫ﺯﺍﺩﻩ‬
1369.(‫ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻏﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻱ‬‫ﺑـﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺧﺘـﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ‬‫ﻧﺸﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ‬ ‫ﺁﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻱ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻫﺪ‬‫ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ‬ ‫ﺗـﻮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﺩﻻﻳﻞ‬‫ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻨـﻮﻉ‬ ،‫ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‬‫ﭼـﻮﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺭﺍﺑﻄﺔ‬‫ﺷـﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻜﻮﺱ‬‫ﺩﺍﺷـﺖ‬‫ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺻـﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﻟﻴـﻞ‬ ً‫ﻻ‬‫ﺍﺣﺘﻤـﺎ‬ ،
‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺷﺴﺘﺸﻮﻱ‬‫ﺑـﺬ‬ ‫ﺍﺳـﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﻛﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻖ‬ ،‫ﺎﻙ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﻪ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻃﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎﻥ‬ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﻧﺴـﺒﺘ‬ ‫)ﻓﺮﺳـﺎﻳﺶ‬
.(‫ﺑﺎﻻ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻏﺮﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻨﻮﻉ‬‫ﺭﺍﺑﻄـﺔ‬ ‫ﺁﻫـﻚ‬ ‫ﺑـﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻔـﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ‬‫ﺭﺍﺑﻄـﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﻳـﺎ‬ ‫ﺳـﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺗﻔـﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻮﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﺭﻱ‬ .‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻜﻮﺱ‬‫ﺟﻤﻠﻪ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺍﺭﮔﺎﻧﻴﺴـﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ‬‫ﻣﺘﻮﻗـﻒ‬ ‫ﺧـﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻫـﺎ‬‫ﻣـﻲ‬‫ﻛﻨـﺪ‬
‫)ﺟﻌ‬،‫ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻔﺮﻱ‬1381‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻖ‬ .(‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﭘـﺎﺋﻮﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻫـﺎﻱ‬
) ‫ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﺍﻥ‬2003‫ﺑﻪ‬ ،(‫ﺭﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺑـﺮ‬ ‫ﺁﻫـﻚ‬ ‫ﺗـﺎﺛﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳـﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ‬
‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬‫ﺟﻨﮕـﻞ‬ ‫ﮔﻴـﺎﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺍﻣـﻊ‬ ‫ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﮔﻴـﺎﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺸﻮﺭ‬‫ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴـﺮ‬ ‫ﺑـﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‬،‫ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻧـﻲ‬
‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ‬‫ﺁﻫـﻚ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻏـﺬﺍﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﻣـﻮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺍﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻙ‬‫ﺍﻳـﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﺘـﺎﻳﺞ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻳـﺪ‬ ‫ﻛـﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﭘﻮﺳـﺲ‬ ‫ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻖ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬ .‫ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ‬
) ‫ﺁﺳﺘﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻭ‬2001‫ﻣﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ‬ ،(‫ﻛـﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻛﺘﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻓﺮﻡ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‬‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻏﺬﺍﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬‫ﻧﺘﺎ‬ .‫ﻛﻨﺪ‬‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﻳﺞ‬‫ﻫ‬‫ﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻣﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﭼﻮﺑﻲ‬‫ﻧﺸﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻏﺮﺑﻲ‬‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺳـﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺩ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺭﻳـﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ‬‫ﺭﺍﺑﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺁﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻱ‬‫ﺩﺍﻣﻨـﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻳـﻦ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻣـﺎ‬ .‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺴـﺘﻘﻴﻢ‬
‫ﭼﺸﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺶ‬‫ﻣـﻲ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑـﻮﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﮔﻴﺮ‬‫ﺗـﻮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ‬‫ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﺪﻭﻱ‬ .‫ﺩﺍﻧﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻳﻦ‬
)1389‫ﺭﺳـﻴﺪﻧ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠـﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺰ‬ ،(‫ﻛـﻪ‬ ‫ﺪ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬‫ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ‬ ،‫ﻫـﺎ‬‫ﻋﻮﺍﻣـﻞ‬ ‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺴـﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﭼـﻮﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺶ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻛﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻱ‬‫ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬ .‫ﺩﻫﻨﺪ‬‫ﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻏﻨﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻮﻉ‬ ،‫ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‬‫ﺭﻃﻮﺑـﺖ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺻـﺪ‬ ‫ﺑـﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺭﺍﺑﻄـﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺷﺒﺎﻉ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺷـﻦ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺻـﺪ‬ ‫ﺑـﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻨـﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﻧـﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺴـﺘﻘﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻱ‬
‫ﺭﺍﺑﻄــﻪ‬ ‫ﺷــﻮﺭﻱ‬‫ﺍﻓــﺰﺍﻳﺶ‬ ‫ﺳــﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﺷــﻦ‬ .‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻜــﻮﺱ‬ ‫ﻱ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻥ‬ ‫ﺧﺸﻚ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﻮﺫﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻳﻊ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺷـﻮﺭﻱ‬ ،‫ﺷﻮﺩ‬
‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺷـﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺣـﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺶ‬ ‫ﺧﺸﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﺩﻭ‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ،‫ﺑﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﺷﻦ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ‬

7. ‫ﺗﻨﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ‬‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻏﻨﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺴﺘﻲ‬‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻮ‬ ‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻴﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ‬-‫ﺧﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬
25‫ﺯﻳﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻮﻡ‬-‫ﺍﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻝ‬-‫ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ‬4-‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ‬1393
‫ﺩﺍﻣﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬‫ﺑﻴﺶ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺑﺶ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‬‫ﻣﻨﻔـﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺛﺮ‬ ،‫ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﺮ‬
‫ﭼﺸﻢ‬‫ﻣـﻲ‬ ‫ﻏﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﮔﻴﺮﻱ‬‫ﺍﺻـﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﻟﻴـﻞ‬ .‫ﮔﺬﺍﺭﻧـﺪ‬
‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ‬‫ﺩﺍﻣﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﺩﺍﻣﻨـﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻳـﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﺸﻜﻲ‬ ،‫ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻲ‬‫ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ‬ .‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‬‫ﭼـﻮﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻏﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎﻥ‬‫ﺩﺭﺻـﺪ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﺷـﺒﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ‬
‫ﺭﺍﺑﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﻠﺖ‬‫ﻧﺘـﺎﻳﺞ‬ ‫ﻃﺒـﻖ‬ .‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ‬)et al., 1999G-
Campo(‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﻀﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﺍﻓﺘﺪ‬
‫ﺳـﻴﻠﺖ‬ ‫ﺧـﺎﻙ‬ .‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﻠﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺁ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺁﺏ‬ ‫ﻧﻔـﻮﺫ‬ ‫ﻛـﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺳـﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳـﺐ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ‬‫ﺍﻋﺘـﺪﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺑـﺎ‬ ‫ﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬‫ﻓـﺮﺍﻭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻛـﺎﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻘـﺪﺭ‬ ‫ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻏـﺬﺍﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‬
‫ـﻪ‬‫ـ‬‫ﮔﻮﻧ‬ ‫ـﺎﻱ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻏﻨ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ـﻮﻉ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺗﻨ‬ ‫ـﻴﻦ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨ‬ ،‫ـﺘﻨﺪ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻫﺴ‬‫ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ـﻮﺑﻲ‬‫ـ‬‫ﭼ‬ ‫ـﺎﻱ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻫ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪ‬‫ﻫ‬‫ﺭﺍﺑﻄـﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺷـﻦ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺻـﺪ‬ ‫ﺑـﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﺎﻱ‬‫ﻣﻌﻜـﻮﺱ‬
‫ﺷـﺪﻥ‬ ‫ﺧﺸـﻚ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﻮﺫﭘـﺬﻳﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺑـﺎﻻﺭﻓﺘﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻋـﺚ‬ ‫ﺷﻦ‬ .‫ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻳﻊ‬‫)ﺑـﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺷـﻮﺩ‬،‫ﺑـﻮﺭﺩﻱ‬1372‫ﺑﺎﻋـﺚ‬ ‫ﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ (
‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺤﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺮﺩﮔﻲ‬‫ﺧـﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺁﺏ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﻮﺫ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻩ‬
‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ‬) ‫ﻛﻨﺪ‬Emerg,2000‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺭﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻙ‬ .(
‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺯﺍﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﺭﻳﺸﻪ‬‫ﮔﺮﻧﮕﺮﻓـﺖ‬ .‫ﺳﺎﺯﺩ‬
) ‫ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻭ‬2003‫ﺭﻭﻳﺸﮕﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺩﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺰ‬ ،(‫ﻛـﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﻳﻲ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺘـﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﮔﻴـﺎﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻨـﻮﻉ‬ ،‫ﺩﺍﺭﻧـﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺸـﺘﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺷﻦ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ‬
‫ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ـﺎﻛﻲ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺣ‬ ‫ـﺮ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺣﺎﺿ‬ ‫ـﮋﻭﻫﺶ‬‫ـ‬‫ﭘ‬ ‫ـﺎﻳﺞ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻧﺘ‬ .‫ـﺘﻨﺪ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻫﺴ‬‫ـﻪ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ـﺖ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺍﺳ‬
‫ﻣﻬﻢ‬‫ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺍﻛﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻳﻦ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫)ﻋﻠﻔـﻲ‬ ‫ﮔﻴـﺎﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺁﻟـﻲ‬ ‫ﻣـﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﺷـﺒﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺭﻃﻮﺑـﺖ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺻـﺪ‬ ،‫ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ‬ (‫ﭼﻮﺑﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻲ‬،‫ﺩﺭﻳـﺎ‬ ‫ﺳـﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ‬ ،‫ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﺷﺒﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ‬‫ﺗـﺎﺛﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻮﺍﻣـﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺁﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﮔﺬﺍﺭ‬.‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬‫ﺑـﺮ‬ ‫ﻛـﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﺩ‬‫ﺗﻨـﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻏﻨـﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻓـﺰﺍﻳﺶ‬ ‫ﺍﻱ‬
‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬‫ﺧﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﭼﻮﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﻛﻤﺎﻥ‬،‫ﺁﺑـﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﻡ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺟﻨﮕﻞ‬‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺭﻱ‬‫ﺷـﻮﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺧﺸـﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻧﻬﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ‬‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﻪ‬ ‫ﺧـﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﭼـﻮﻥ‬ ،‫ﮔﻴـﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﻛـﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫ـﺬﺭﺧﻮﺍﺭ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺑـ‬ ‫ـﺪﺍﺭﺍﻥ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺟﺎﻧـ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻡ‬ ‫ـﻮﺭ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺣﻀـ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ـﺖ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺍﺳـ‬ ‫ـﻌﻴﻒ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺿـ‬
‫ﻣﺸـﺎﻫﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻛـﺮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬ (... ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺳـﻨﺠﺎﺏ‬ ‫)ﮔﺮﺍﺯ،ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬
‫ـﺪﻩ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺷ‬‫ـﻮﺭﺕ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺻ‬ ‫ـﺪﺭﺕ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺑﻨ‬ ‫ـﻲ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻃﺒﻴﻌ‬ ‫ﺯﺍﺩﺁﻭﺭﻱ‬ ‫ـﻴﻦ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨ‬ ،‫ـﺖ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺍﺳ‬
‫ﻣﻲ‬‫ﻧﻤـﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺻـﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺑـﺬﺭﻛﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺩﻟﻴـﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ،‫ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‬‫ﺩﺭ‬ ،‫ﺷـﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﻴﻦ‬‫ﺑﺎ‬‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ‬‫ﺣﺎﻝ‬‫ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﺩﻟﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀـﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴـﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﻴـﺰ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣـﺬﻛﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﻪ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺳﺘﺎﻳﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐ‬
‫ﺟﻨﮕﻞ‬ ،‫ﺍﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ‬‫ﻣﻨﻔـﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺍﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺭﻭﻧﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﭘﺲ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻃﻲ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻱ‬‫ﻛـﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟـﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻣـﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻳـﻦ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‬
‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻏﻨﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻮﻉ‬‫ﭘﻴﺸـ‬ ،‫ﺷـﺪ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺍﻫـﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﻨﻬﺎﺩ‬
‫ﻣﻲ‬‫ﺷﻜﻨﻨﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻛﻮﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﺩ‬‫ﺧﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬‫ﻛﻤﺎﻥ‬‫ﺧﺮﻡ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭ‬‫ﺁﺑﺎﺩ‬
،‫ﻓﻠـﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻓـﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻏﻨـﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻨـﻮﻉ‬ ،‫ﺗﻔﺮﺟـﻲ‬ ‫ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻣـﻞ‬ ‫ﻃـﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﮔﻴـﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺷـﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇـﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ‬ ‫ﺟﺰء‬
.‫ﺷﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺖ‬
5-‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬
-‫ﺥ‬ ،‫ﻛﺒﺮﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻤﻲ‬)1381("‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﭘـﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ‬ ‫ًﺛﻴﺮ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺗـ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ‬
‫ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﭼﺮﺍ‬‫ﺣﻮﺿﻪ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻮﻉ‬
‫ﻫﺮﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺁﺏ‬ ‫ﺳﻔﻴﺪ‬"‫ﻧﺎﻣـﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻳـﺎﻥ‬ ،‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸـﮕﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺷـﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳـﻲ‬
،‫ﻣﺎﺯﻧﺪﺭﺍﻥ‬‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬82.
-‫ﺑﺎﻱ‬‫ﻡ‬ ،‫ﺑﻮﺭﺩﻱ‬)1372("‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ .‫ﺧﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻚ‬
‫ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‬"،‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬658.
-‫ﺭ‬ ،‫ﺑﺼﻴﺮﻱ‬)1382("‫ﺭﻭﻳـﺶ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻛﻮﻟﻮژﻳـﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ‬
‫ﻭﻱ‬‫ﻭﻝ‬)Quercus Libani Oliv.(‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴـﻞ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺰﻳـﻪ‬ ‫ﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺮﻳﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ‬"،‫ﺭ‬‫ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ‬ ،‫ﺩﻛﺘﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻟﻪ‬
،‫ﻣﺪﺭﺱ‬‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬123.
-‫ﻡ‬ ،‫ﺧﺮﺍﺳــﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ .‫ﺱ‬ ،‫ﺷــﺎﺩﺭﺍﻡ‬ ،.‫ﺡ‬ ،‫ﭘﻮﺭﺑﺎﺑــﺎﻳﻲ‬)1383(
"‫ﺗﻨﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ‬‫ﺟﻨﮕﻞ‬ ‫ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺴﺘﻲ‬‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻴﻼﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻜﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺟﻨﮕﻞ‬‫ﻛﺎﺭﻱ‬‫ﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺁﻣﻴﺨﺘـﻪ‬-‫ﺻـﻮﻣﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻴـﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﭘﻠـﺖ‬
‫ﺳﺮﺍ‬-‫ﮔﻴﻼﻥ‬"،.‫ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺴﺖ‬4:368-357.
-‫ﺵ‬ ،‫ﺟﻮﻳﺒـﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺷـﺘﺎﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ .‫ﺭ‬ ،‫ﭘﺮﻣﺎ‬)1389("‫ﻋﻮﺍﻣـﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﺛـﺮ‬
‫ﺗـﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺑـﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ‬‫ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻨـﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ‬‫ﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺟﻨﮕﻞ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﭼﻮﺑﻲ‬‫ﺟﻨﮕـﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩﻱ‬ ‫)ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﺯﺍﮔﺮﺱ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﻫـﺎﻱ‬
(‫ﻛﺮﻣﺎﻧﺸﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﻼﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ‬"،‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﮕﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬
،‫ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺻﻨﻮﺑﺮ‬18:555–539.
-،‫ﭼﺎﻫﻮﻛﻲ‬ ‫ﺯﺍﺭﻉ‬ ،.‫ﻉ‬ ،‫ﻃﻮﻳﻠﻲ‬ ،.‫ﺡ‬ ،‫ﮔﺸﺘﺎﺳﺐ‬ ،.‫ﻡ‬ ،‫ﺟﻌﻔﺮﻱ‬

8. ‫ﻣﻴﻨﺎﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﺑﺮﻱ‬
‫ﺯﻳﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻮﻡ‬-‫ﺍﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻝ‬-‫ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ‬4-‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ‬139326
‫ﺡ‬ ،‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ .‫ﻉ‬ .‫ﻡ‬)1386("‫ﻛﺒﻴـﺮ‬ ‫ﺷـﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇـﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ‬
‫ﻛﻮﻩ‬"،،‫ﺍﻳﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ‬‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬60.
-‫ﺍﻟﻒ‬ ،‫ﺯﺍﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺟﻲ‬)1369("‫ﻛﺸـﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ‬ ‫ﺷﻨﺎﺳـﻲ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻙ‬"،
‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬ ،‫ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺁﺯﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬210.
-‫ﻡ‬ ،‫ﺣﻴﺪﺭﻱ‬)1386("‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬‫ﺍﻛﻮﻟﻮژﻳـﻚ‬ ‫ﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻗﻼﺭﻧـﮓ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻴﻄـﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻮﺍﻣـﻞ‬ ‫ﺑـﺎ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺑﻄـﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻼﻡ‬"،‫ﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ‬،‫ﮔﻴﻼﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻪ‬‫ﺻـﻔﺤﻪ‬
102.
-‫ﻉ‬ ،‫ﺳـﺘﺎﺭﻳﺎﻥ‬ .‫ﺭ‬ ،‫ﺭﺣﻤﺎﻧﻲ‬ .‫ﻉ‬ ،‫ﺭﺿﻮﻱ‬)1388("‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳـﻲ‬
‫ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ‬‫ﻣﻮﺛﺮ‬‫ﺑﺮ‬‫ﺗﻨﻮﻉ‬‫ﺯﻳﺴﺘﻲ‬‫ﺑﺎ‬‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬‫ﺍﺯ‬‫ﺧﻄـﻲ‬ ‫ﺭﮔﺮﺳﻴﻮﻥ‬
‫ﭼﻨﺪﮔﺎﻧﻪ‬‫ﺩﺭ‬‫ﺟﻨﮕﻞ‬"،‫ﻋﻠﻮﻡ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ‬‫ﭼﻮﺏ‬‫ﻭ‬،‫ﺟﻨﮕﻞ‬16:
50-33.
-‫ﻡ‬ ،‫ﻛﻔــﺶ‬ ‫ﺯﺭﻳــﻦ‬)1367("‫ﺧــﺎﻙ‬‫ﻛــﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺷﻨﺎﺳــﻲ‬"،
،‫ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬245.
-‫ﻡ‬ ،‫ﻧﻴـﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻛﺒـﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ .‫ﺡ‬ ،‫ﻃﺎﻟﺸـﻲ‬)1390("‫ﺗﻨـﻮﻉ‬‫ﺯﻳﺴـﺘﻲ‬
‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﭼﻮﺑﻲ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﻋﻠﻔﻲ‬‫ﺩﺭ‬‫ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ‬‫ﺑـﺎ‬‫ﻋﻮﺍﻣـﻞ‬‫ﻣﺤﻴﻄـﻲ‬‫ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺟﻨﮕﻞ‬‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ‬‫ﺷﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺪ‬‫ﻧﻮﺷﻬﺮ‬"،‫ﺯﻳﺴﺖ‬‫ﺷﻨﺎﺳـﻲ‬‫ﺍﻳـﺮﺍﻥ‬،
24:777-766.
-‫ﺝ‬ ،‫ﻣﺤﻤﻮﺩﻱ‬)1386("‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ‬‫ﺗﻨـﻮﻉ‬‫ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ‬‫ﺍﻱ‬‫ﮔﻴﺎﻫـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺟﻨﮕـﻞ‬‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇـﺖ‬‫ﺷـﺪﻩ‬‫ﻛـﻼﺭ‬‫ﺁﺑـﺎﺩ‬‫ﺩﺭ‬‫ﺳـﻄﺢ‬‫ﮔـﺮﻭﻩ‬‫ﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻛﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻚ‬"،‫ﺯﻳﺴﺖ‬‫ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ‬،20:362-353.
-‫ﻡ‬ ،‫ﻣﺨﺪﻭﻡ‬)1382("‫ﺍﻛﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ‬‫ﺯﻳﺴـﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻨـﻮﻉ‬"،
،‫ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬175.
-‫ﺝ‬ ،‫ﺭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺳــﺤﺎﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ .‫ﻡ‬ ،‫ﺣﻴــﺪﺭﻱ‬ ،.‫ﻉ‬ ،‫ﻣﻬــﺪﻭﻱ‬)1389(
"‫ﺗﻨﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ‬‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻏﻨﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺴﺘﻲ‬‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ‬-‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺧـﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﺷـﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬
‫ﻛﻮﻩ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ‬"،،‫ﺍﻳـﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺻﻨﻮﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﮕﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬
18:436-426.
-‫ﻭ‬ .‫ﻡ‬ .‫ﺱ‬ ،‫ﺣﺴـــﻴﻨﻲ‬ ،.‫ﻡ‬ ،‫ﻧﻴـــﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻛﺒـــﺮﻱ‬ ،.‫ﺝ‬ ،‫ﻣﻴﺮﺯﺍﻳـــﻲ‬
‫ـﻴﻦ‬‫ﺣﺴـ‬‫ﺝ‬ ،‫ﺯﺍﺩﻩ‬)1385("‫ﺭﻭﻳ‬ ‫ـﻮژﻳﻜﻲ‬‫ﺍﻛﻮﻟـ‬ ‫ـﻲ‬‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳـ‬‫ﺸــﮕﺎﻩ‬
‫ـﻼﻡ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺍﻳ‬ ‫ـﻤﺎﻝ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ـﻮﺍﻥ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺍﺭﻏ‬ ‫ـﻲ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺟﻨﮕﻠ‬"،‫ﻭ‬ ‫ـﻞ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺟﻨﮕ‬ ‫ـﺎﺕ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘ‬
،‫ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺻﻨﻮﺑﺮ‬14:381-371.
-‫ﺡ‬ ،‫ﻣﻴﺮﺯﺍﻳﻲ‬)1376("‫ﺗﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ‬‫ﺟﻨﮕﻠـﻲ‬ ‫ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ‬
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