Unsupervised Cohesion Based Text Segmentation
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Bank of America is suing ABN Amro after being blocked from acquiring its US bank, complicating takeover bids for ABN from Barclays and Royal Bank of Scotland. Pakistan included Mohammad Asif in a 16-man squad for a cricket series with Sri Lanka in Abu Dhabi. Bank of America also launched legal action against a Dutch court after it froze the bank's planned purchase of LaSalle, ruling the deal was illegal without investor approval.
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The current thesis’s scope is within the Natural Language Understanding sub-field of Natural Language Processing. From the multiple possible tasks from this domain, we stopped at Discourse Analysis. We analyzed the main approaches existent in this field and identified the flaws of each of the presented approaches. Starting from them, we proposed an adaptation of an existing framework (the Polyphonic framework) using ideas derived from the theory of a known linguist (Tannen) regarding the importance of repetitions in discourse. After presenting our adaptation, we showed how it would solve most of the indicated problems with the other approaches. In order to verify the effectiveness of the adapted framework, we presented a couple of developed applications that are meant to demonstrate its utility for discourse visualizations, for the identification and classification of the important moments of a discourse, for the assessment of chat conversations based on repetition and rhythmicity, for malapropism detection and correction, and for text recoveryTime series analysis for sales prediction
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2012 Presidential Elections on Twitter - An Analysis of How the US and French...
2012 Presidential Elections on Twitter - An Analysis of How the US and French...University Politehnica Bucharest
The main objective of this paper is to compare
the sentiments that prevailed before and after the presidential
elections, held in both US and France in the year 2012. To
achieve this objective we extracted the content information from a
social medium such as Twitter and used the tweets from electoral
candidates and the public users (voters), collected by means of
crawling during the course of election. In order to gain useful
insights about the US elections, we scored the sentiments for
each tweet using different metrics and performed a time series
analysis for candidates and different topics (identified by specific
keywords). In addition to this, we compared some of our insights
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the French election. This deep dive analysis was done in order
to understand the inherent nature of elections and to bring out
the influence of social media on elections.Identifying gender differences in cscl chat conversation
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2) Both males and females were most innovative in groups with a female majority.
3) Males were most serious in female-majority groups, while females were most serious in balanced groups.
4) Overall, females tended to be more innovative and males discussed topics more in mixed groups. The gender composition of groups influences participants' performance.
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The document describes a tool for discourse analysis and visualization that was developed to analyze different types of discourses. The tool combines cognitive and socio-cultural paradigms using the concept of voice from polyphony theory. It identifies important voices in a text through lexical chains and displays the discourse through different views including word-level representations that show voice frequency and distribution, sentence-level representations that show voice distribution across sentences, and identification of pivotal moments where voices intersect. The tool was evaluated on collaborative learning chats and showed potential to accurately assess discussion quality and compare different discourses.
Repetition and rhythmicity based assessment model for chat conversations pr...
Repetition and rhythmicity based assessment model for chat conversations pr...University Politehnica Bucharest
The slides present a model and an application that can be used to assess chat conversations according to their content, which is related to a number of imposed topics, and to the personal involvement of the participants. The main theoretical ideas that stand behind this application are Bakhtin’s polyphony theory and Tannen’s ideas related to the use of repetitions. The results of the application are validated against the gold standard provided by two teachers from the Human-Computer Interaction evaluating the same chats and after that the verification is done using another teacher from the same domain. During the verification we also show that the model used for chat evaluation is dependent on the number of participants to that chatWord sense disambiguation and lexical chains construction using wordnet
Word sense disambiguation and lexical chains construction using wordnetUniversity Politehnica Bucharest
Word sense disambiguation is an essential, yet a very difficult task in natural language processing. While several other NLP tasks, such as POS tagging, can provide more than fairly good results (highly accurate, with almost 100% rate of successfully labeled words), disambiguation is far from achieving such performances. However, we will demonstrate the need of word sense disambiguation in computing the lexical chains on a special kind of text (chats) using a WordNet-based approach. In addition, we will try to identify the bottlenecks (mostly in respect to accuracy) in such an approach and provide possible improvementsChat adapted pos tagger for romanian language
The slides present the steps that have been followed in order to
build a POS Tagger for Romanian language for a special kind of text: chats. We show the main differences that can be observed between chats and novel writings and present in a comparative way the results obtained using a chat trained model and a novel-trained one when tagging a corpus of chats.
Filling the gaps
The slides present a text recovery method based on a probabilistic post-recognition processing of the output of an Optical Character Recognition system. The proposed method is trying to fill in the gaps of missing text resulted from the recognition process of degraded documents. For this task, a corpus of up to 5-grams provided by Google is used. Several heuristics for using this corpus for the fulfilment of this task are described after presenting the general problem and alternative solutions. These heuristics have been validated using a set of experiments that are also discussed together with the results that have been obtained.
Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
Classification
Metal ion ion indicators
Masking and demasking reagents
Estimation of Magnisium sulphate
Calcium gluconate
Complexometric Titration/ chelatometry titration/chelating titration, introduction, Types-
1.Direct Titration
2.Back Titration
3.Replacement Titration
4.Indirect Titration
Masking agent, Demasking agents
formation of complex
comparition between masking and demasking agents,
Indicators/Metal ion indicators/ Metallochromic indicators/pM indicators,
Visual Technique,PM indicators (metallochromic), Indicators of pH, Redox Indicators
Instrumental Techniques-Photometry
Potentiometry
Miscellaneous methods.
Complex titration with EDTA.
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In these slides we present a model that was intended to discriminate creative from non-creative news articles. In order to build the classifier, we have combined nine different measures using a stepwise logistic regression model. The obtained model was tested in two experiments: the first one tried to discriminate between news articles about the US 2012 Elections from different newspapers versus articles taken from The Onion (a website providing satiric news) on the same subject, while the second one evaluated the capacity of the model to generalize over different topics and text genres. The experiments showed that the system achieves 80% accuracy, but the lack of true positives from the second experiment raised the question of whether we really identified creativity or in fact we detected satire (as the assumption for the training corpus was that the satiric news from The Onion were also creative).
Nlp based heuristics for assessing participants in cscl chats
The document presents a methodology for automatically assessing participants in chat conversations used for computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL). It uses natural language processing techniques and heuristics to evaluate conversations based on participants' involvement, knowledge, and innovation. The heuristics were tested on a corpus of 7 chat conversations involving 35 students discussing web collaboration technologies. Correlations between the heuristic evaluations and expert human evaluations were generally high, particularly for involvement and innovation. The knowledge heuristic was less reliable. The methodology can help identify effective participation criteria and rank learners and conversations.
Detecting discourse creativity in chat conversations
In this poster paper we propose a new method for identifying creativity that is based on analyzing a corpus of chat conversations on the same topic and extracting the new ideas expressed by participants. The application is a first step in supporting creativity in online group discussions by highlighting the novel concepts present in conversations (new ideas) and also by identifying topics that could have become important, if not forgotten during the debates (lost ideas)
Metaphor detection
Because of the ubiquity of metaphors in language, metaphor processing is a very important task in the field of natural language processing. The first step towards metaphor processing, and probably the most difficult one, is metaphor detection. In the first part of this paper, we review the theoretical background for metaphors and the models and implementations that have been proposed for their detection. We then build corpora for detecting three types of metaphors: IS-A metaphors, metaphors formed with the preposition ‘of’ and metaphors formed with a verb. For the first two tasks, we train supervised classifiers using semantic features. For the third task, we use features commonly used in text categorization
2012 Presidential Elections on Twitter - An Analysis of How the US and French...
2012 Presidential Elections on Twitter - An Analysis of How the US and French...University Politehnica Bucharest
The main objective of this paper is to compare
the sentiments that prevailed before and after the presidential
elections, held in both US and France in the year 2012. To
achieve this objective we extracted the content information from a
social medium such as Twitter and used the tweets from electoral
candidates and the public users (voters), collected by means of
crawling during the course of election. In order to gain useful
insights about the US elections, we scored the sentiments for
each tweet using different metrics and performed a time series
analysis for candidates and different topics (identified by specific
keywords). In addition to this, we compared some of our insights
obtained from the US election with what we have observed for
the French election. This deep dive analysis was done in order
to understand the inherent nature of elections and to bring out
the influence of social media on elections.Identifying gender differences in cscl chat conversation
The document analyzes gender differences in online chat conversations between students discussing various collaboration technologies. It finds that:
1) Females were most involved in conversations with a balanced gender ratio, while males were most knowledgeable in balanced or male-only groups.
2) Both males and females were most innovative in groups with a female majority.
3) Males were most serious in female-majority groups, while females were most serious in balanced groups.
4) Overall, females tended to be more innovative and males discussed topics more in mixed groups. The gender composition of groups influences participants' performance.
Identification and Classification of the Most Important Moments from Students...
Identification and Classification of the Most Important Moments from Students...University Politehnica Bucharest
The slides present a method that combines the cognitive and socio-cultural paradigms for automatically identifying the most important moments (the so-called pivotal moments) from a Computer Supported Collaborative Learning chat. The existing applications do not identify these moments and we propose a flexible visual method for filling this gap. Since these moments may have different roles in a discourse, we also propose a classification of the identified types of important moments from chat conversations.A tool for discourse visualization and analysis
The document describes a tool for discourse analysis and visualization that was developed to analyze different types of discourses. The tool combines cognitive and socio-cultural paradigms using the concept of voice from polyphony theory. It identifies important voices in a text through lexical chains and displays the discourse through different views including word-level representations that show voice frequency and distribution, sentence-level representations that show voice distribution across sentences, and identification of pivotal moments where voices intersect. The tool was evaluated on collaborative learning chats and showed potential to accurately assess discussion quality and compare different discourses.
Repetition and rhythmicity based assessment model for chat conversations pr...
Repetition and rhythmicity based assessment model for chat conversations pr...University Politehnica Bucharest
The slides present a model and an application that can be used to assess chat conversations according to their content, which is related to a number of imposed topics, and to the personal involvement of the participants. The main theoretical ideas that stand behind this application are Bakhtin’s polyphony theory and Tannen’s ideas related to the use of repetitions. The results of the application are validated against the gold standard provided by two teachers from the Human-Computer Interaction evaluating the same chats and after that the verification is done using another teacher from the same domain. During the verification we also show that the model used for chat evaluation is dependent on the number of participants to that chatWord sense disambiguation and lexical chains construction using wordnet
Word sense disambiguation and lexical chains construction using wordnetUniversity Politehnica Bucharest
Word sense disambiguation is an essential, yet a very difficult task in natural language processing. While several other NLP tasks, such as POS tagging, can provide more than fairly good results (highly accurate, with almost 100% rate of successfully labeled words), disambiguation is far from achieving such performances. However, we will demonstrate the need of word sense disambiguation in computing the lexical chains on a special kind of text (chats) using a WordNet-based approach. In addition, we will try to identify the bottlenecks (mostly in respect to accuracy) in such an approach and provide possible improvementsChat adapted pos tagger for romanian language
The slides present the steps that have been followed in order to
build a POS Tagger for Romanian language for a special kind of text: chats. We show the main differences that can be observed between chats and novel writings and present in a comparative way the results obtained using a chat trained model and a novel-trained one when tagging a corpus of chats.
Filling the gaps
The slides present a text recovery method based on a probabilistic post-recognition processing of the output of an Optical Character Recognition system. The proposed method is trying to fill in the gaps of missing text resulted from the recognition process of degraded documents. For this task, a corpus of up to 5-grams provided by Google is used. Several heuristics for using this corpus for the fulfilment of this task are described after presenting the general problem and alternative solutions. These heuristics have been validated using a set of experiments that are also discussed together with the results that have been obtained.
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Hearthstone helper using optical character recognition techniques for cards d...
Hearthstone helper using optical character recognition techniques for cards d...
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The collection and analysis of public data - Bucharest case study
The collection and analysis of public data - Bucharest case study
Unsupervised system for automatic grading of bachelor and master thesis
Unsupervised system for automatic grading of bachelor and master thesis
Tweets topic modelling across different countries prezentarea
Tweets topic modelling across different countries prezentarea
Nlp based heuristics for assessing participants in cscl chats
Nlp based heuristics for assessing participants in cscl chats
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Detecting discourse creativity in chat conversations
2012 Presidential Elections on Twitter - An Analysis of How the US and French...
2012 Presidential Elections on Twitter - An Analysis of How the US and French...
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Identifying gender differences in cscl chat conversation
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Identification and Classification of the Most Important Moments from Students...
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Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
Equivariant neural networks and representation theory
Or: Beyond linear.
Abstract: Equivariant neural networks are neural networks that incorporate symmetries. The nonlinear activation functions in these networks result in interesting nonlinear equivariant maps between simple representations, and motivate the key player of this talk: piecewise linear representation theory.
Disclaimer: No one is perfect, so please mind that there might be mistakes and typos.
dtubbenhauer@gmail.com
Corrected slides: dtubbenhauer.com/talks.html
Unlocking the mysteries of reproduction: Exploring fecundity and gonadosomati...
The pygmy halfbeak Dermogenys colletei, is known for its viviparous nature, this presents an intriguing case of relatively low fecundity, raising questions about potential compensatory reproductive strategies employed by this species. Our study delves into the examination of fecundity and the Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) in the Pygmy Halfbeak, D. colletei (Meisner, 2001), an intriguing viviparous fish indigenous to Sarawak, Borneo. We hypothesize that the Pygmy halfbeak, D. colletei, may exhibit unique reproductive adaptations to offset its low fecundity, thus enhancing its survival and fitness. To address this, we conducted a comprehensive study utilizing 28 mature female specimens of D. colletei, carefully measuring fecundity and GSI to shed light on the reproductive adaptations of this species. Our findings reveal that D. colletei indeed exhibits low fecundity, with a mean of 16.76 ± 2.01, and a mean GSI of 12.83 ± 1.27, providing crucial insights into the reproductive mechanisms at play in this species. These results underscore the existence of unique reproductive strategies in D. colletei, enabling its adaptation and persistence in Borneo's diverse aquatic ecosystems, and call for further ecological research to elucidate these mechanisms. This study lends to a better understanding of viviparous fish in Borneo and contributes to the broader field of aquatic ecology, enhancing our knowledge of species adaptations to unique ecological challenges.
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EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
3D Hybrid PIC simulation of the plasma expansion (ISSS-14)
3D Particle-In-Cell (PIC) algorithm,
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Aleš Zamuda: Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE .
Austrian-Slovenian HPC Meeting 2024 – ASHPC24, Seeblickhotel Grundlsee in Austria, 10–13 June 2024
https://ashpc.eu/
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...University of Maribor
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intelligent Systems.
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan,kP,Pakistan
hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skillsThornton ESPP slides UK WW Network 4_6_24.pdf
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waterlessdyeingtechnolgyusing carbon dioxide chemicalspdf
The technology uses reclaimed CO₂ as the dyeing medium in a closed loop process. When pressurized, CO₂ becomes supercritical (SC-CO₂). In this state CO₂ has a very high solvent power, allowing the dye to dissolve easily.
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths Forward
We will metaverse into the essence of immersive learning, into its three dimensions and conceptual models. This approach encompasses elements from teaching methodologies to social involvement, through organizational concerns and technologies. Challenging the perception of learning as knowledge transfer, we introduce a 'Uses, Practices & Strategies' model operationalized by the 'Immersive Learning Brain' and ‘Immersion Cube’ frameworks. This approach offers a comprehensive guide through the intricacies of immersive educational experiences and spotlighting research frontiers, along the immersion dimensions of system, narrative, and agency. Our discourse extends to stakeholders beyond the academic sphere, addressing the interests of technologists, instructional designers, and policymakers. We span various contexts, from formal education to organizational transformation to the new horizon of an AI-pervasive society. This keynote aims to unite the iLRN community in a collaborative journey towards a future where immersive learning research and practice coalesce, paving the way for innovative educational research and practice landscapes.
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In this presentation include the prototype drug SAR on thus or with their examples .
Syllabus of Second Year B. Pharmacy
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Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
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Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
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Equivariant neural networks and representation theory
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Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths Forward
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mô tả các thí nghiệm về đánh giá tác động dòng khí hóa sau đốt
mô tả các thí nghiệm về đánh giá tác động dòng khí hóa sau đốt
Unsupervised Cohesion Based Text Segmentation
- 1. Bank of America is to sue ABN Amro after it was blocked from buying ABN's US bank, complicating bids for ABN from Barclays and Royal Bank of Scotland. Bank of America launched the action after a Dutch court froze its planned purchase of LaSalle, ruling the deal was illegal without investor approval. Pakistan have included Mohammad Asif in a 16-man squad for a three-match series with Sri Lanka in Abu Dhabi this month. RAW TEXT – collection of news from the site http://news.bbc.co.uk Bank/NNP of/IN America/NNP is/VBZ to/TO sue/VB ABN/NNP Amro/NNP after/IN it/PRP was/VBD blocked/VBN from/IN buying/VBG ABN/NNP 's/POS US/NNP bank/NN ,/, complicating/VBG bids/NNS for/IN ABN/NNP from/IN Barclays/NNP and/CC Royal/NNP Bank/NNP of/IN Scotland/NNP ./. Bank/NNP of/IN America/NNP launched/VBD the/DT action/NN after/IN a/DT Dutch/JJ court/NN froze/VB its/PRP$ planned/JJ purchase/NN of/IN LaSalle/NNP ,/, ruling/VBG the/DT deal/NN was/VBD illegal/JJ without/IN investor/NN approval/NN ./. Pakistan/NNP have/VBP included/VBN Mohammad/NNP Asif/NNP in/IN a/DT 16-man/JJ squad/NN for/IN a/DT three-match/JJ series/NN with/IN Sri/NNP Lanka/NNP in/IN Abu/NNP Dhabi/NNP this/DT month/NN ./. TAGGING MODULE – using LPOST (a Perl program that uses a variant of the Brown/Penn-style tag-sets) or POStagger (a program designed at Tokyo University)
- 2. Bank/NNP America/NNP sue/VB ABN/NNP Amro/NNP blocked/VBN buying/VBG ABN/NNP 's/POS US/NNP bank/NN ,/, complicating/VBG bids/NNS ABN/NNP Barclays/NNP Royal/NNP Bank/NNP Scotland/NNP ./. Bank/NNP America/NNP launched/VBD action/NN Dutch/JJ court/NN froze/VB planned/JJ purchase/NN LaSalle/NNP ,/, ruling/VBG deal/NN illegal/JJ investor/NN approval/NN ./. Pakistan/NNP included/VBN Mohammad/NNP Asif/NNP 16-man/JJ squad/NN three-match/JJ series/NN Sri/NNP Lanka/NNP Abu/NNP Dhabi/NNP month/NN ./. STOPWORDS ELIMINATION
- 3. MODULE 1 UNIGRAMS – keep only the important words from texts (substantives and verbs) and group the texts if possible N-GRAMS – extract the n-grams (we used bigrams) from texts and group the texts if possible COLLOCA TION – extract the collocation from texts Bank/NNP America/NNP, America/NNP sue/VB, sue/VB ABN/NNP … Bank/NNP America/NNP, America/NNP launched/VBD, launched/VBD action/NN … Pakistan/NNP included/VBN, included/VBN Mohammad/NNP, Mohammad/NNP Asif/NNP … Verbs sue, block, buy, complicate Nouns bank, bid Verbs launch, rule Nouns action, court, deal, purchase, investor, approval Verbs include Nouns squad, series, month - - -
- 4. MODULE 2 Bank/NNP America/NNP sue/VB ABN/NNP Amro/NNP blocked/VBN buying/VBG ABN/NNP 's/POS US/NNP bank/NN ,/, complicating/VBG bids/NNS ABN/NNP Barclays/NNP Royal/NNP Bank/NNP Scotland/NNP ./. Bank/NNP America/NNP launched/VBD action/NN Dutch/JJ court/NN froze/VB planned/JJ purchase/NN LaSalle/NNP ,/, ruling/VBG deal/NN illegal/JJ investor/NN approval/NN ./. Pakistan/NNP included/VBN Mohammad/NNP Asif/NNP 16-man/JJ squad/NN three-match/JJ series/NN Sri/NNP Lanka/NNP Abu/NNP Dhabi/NNP month/NN ./. The words from the text are grouped into lexical chains and after all the words have been classified, the topic shifts can be identified by assuming that a high density of chain starts and ends means that the topic has changed.
- 5. MODULE 3 The words from the text are grouped into lexical chains as described in Module 2 and after that, every word is replaced by the chain that is part of. Next, every paragraph is assigned to the chain that contains the majority of the words from that paragraph. If two consecutive paragraphs are assigned to different chains, it means that a topic changed occurred. Bank/NNP America/NNP c1 ABN/NNP Amro/NNP c2 c3 ABN/NNP 's/POS US/NNP c3 ,/, c2 c3 ABN/NNP Barclays/NNP Royal/NNP Bank/NNP Scotland/NNP ./. Bank/NNP America/NNP c4 c1 c5 c1 c2 c6 c3 LaSalle/NNP ,/, c1 c3 c1 c3 c3 ./. Pakistan/NNP c7 Mohammad/NNP Asif/NNP c8 c8 c8 c9 Sri/NNP Lanka/NNP Abu/NNP Dhabi/NNP c10 ./. c3 c1/c3 c8
- 6. VOTING MODULE The results obtained from the three modules are combined. After each paragraph, the outputs of the modules are investigated in order to find out whether it should be a topic limit or not. Paragraph 1 Paragraph 2 Paragraph 3 MODULE 1 Paragraph 1 Paragraph 2 Paragraph 3 MODULE 2 Paragraph 1 Paragraph 2 Paragraph 3 MODULE 3 Paragraph 1 Paragraph 2 Paragraph 3 FINAL RESULTS
- 7. Raw text Voting Module Final result Tagging Module Figure 1. Application architecture Stopwords elimination Module 3Module 2Module 1 Result 3Result 2Result 1
- 8. Text neadnotat Modul de votare Rezultate finale Modul de adnotare Figura 3. Arhitectura Aplicatiei Eliminarea cuvintelor de stop Modulul n Rezultatul n Modulul 1 Rezultatul 1 Modulul 2 Rezultatul 2