Unit 1 part 1 introduction to java

Jagannath Institute of Management Sciences
Vasant Kunj-II, New Delhi - 110070
Subject Name: BVITSD 404 : Fundamentals Of Web
Programming Using JAVA
Department of Information Technology
Created By: Dr. Arpana Chaturvedi
@Dr. Arpana Chaturvedi

Subject: BVITSD 404 : Fundamentals Of Web
Programming Using JAVA
Topic: Unit I- The Genesis of Java

Unit-I Introduction To JAVA
Table of Content
▰ Why Java?
▰ Flavors of Java.
▰ Java Designing Goal.
▰ Role of Java Programmer in Industry.

Unit-I Why JAVA?
▰ The first and foremost reason behind the development of Java was the need for a
platform-independent and portable software to be embedded in the consumer’s
electronic devices like remote controls, microwave ovens, etc.
▰ The second reason that led to the growth of Java is the Internet and World Wide Web as
these media need portable and platform-independent programs.
▰ Gosling and other team members developed Web applets using the new language that
could run on all types of computers.
▰ During 1993, first Web browser, namely ‘HotJava’ was developed to locate and run
applet programs.
▰ This development made Java language popular for the Internet.
▰ By the year 1996, Java became a general-purpose, object-oriented programming
language which was used for Internet programming.
▰ Soon, Java became popular and many Web browsers, such as Internet Explorer,
Netscape Navigator etc., incorporated the ability to run Java applets.

Unit-I Why JAVA?
▰ Java was developed by Sun Microsystems (which is now the subsidiary of
Oracle) in the year 1995.
▰ James Gosling is known as the father of Java .
▰ Java is an object-oriented, high level, general-purpose and robust computer-
programming language.
▰ Java is a popular programming language and platform. It is said to be platform
because JAVA has a runtime environment and API. Any hardware or software
environment in which a program runs, is known as a platform.
▰ Java is used in all areas associated with the Internet, Web development and
Web technologies.

Unit-I JAVA DESIGNING GOAL
▰

Unit-I JAVA MILESTONES
Year Development
1994 The team developed a new Web browsed called “Hot Java” to
locate and run Applets. HotJava gained instance success.
1995 Oak was renamed to Java, as it did not survive “legal”
registration. Many companies such as Netscape and Microsoft
announced their support for Java
1996 Java established itself it self as both 1. “the language for
Internet programming” 2. a general purpose OO language.
1997- A class libraries, Community effort and standardization,
Enterprise Java, Clustering, etc..

Unit-I JAVA Programmer in Industry
Java has become invaluable to developers by enabling them to:
▰ Write software on one platform and run it on virtually any other platform.
▰ Create programs that can run within a web browser and access available
web services.
▰ Develop server-side applications for online forums, stores, polls, HTML
forms processing, and more.
▰ Combine applications or services using the Java language to create highly
customized applications or services.
▰ Write powerful and efficient applications for mobile phones, remote
processors, microcontrollers, wireless modules, sensors, gateways,
consumer products, and practically any other electronic device.

Unit-I Why JAVA?- Stats and Facts
The underlying principle that has enabled Java’s success is the ability of the
developers and coders consistently upgrading the model to be competitive to
modern technological standards.
▰ 97% of Enterprise Desktops run Java.
▰ 89% of Desktops (or Computers) in the U.S. run Java.
▰ 9 Million Java Developers worldwide.
▰ Java is the number 1 choice for developers.
▰ Java continues to be the most used development platform.
▰ 3 billion mobile phones run Java.
▰ 100% of Blu-ray Disc Players ship with Java.
▰ There are currently over 5 billion Java Cards in use.
▰ 125 million TV devices run Java.
▰ 5 of the Top 5 Original Equipment Manufacturers Ship Java ME @Dr. Arpana Chaturvedi

Unit-I Why JAVA?- Applications
According to Sun, 3 billion devices run Java. There are many devices
where Java is currently used. Some of them are as follows:
1. Desktop Applications such as acrobat reader, media player,
antivirus, etc.
2. Web Applications such as irctc.co.in, javatpoint.com, etc.
3. Enterprise Applications such as banking applications.
4. Mobile
5. Embedded System
6. Smart Card
7. Robotics
8. Games, etc.

Unit-I Four Main Applications
1) Standalone Application
▰ Standalone applications are also known as desktop applications or window-based
applications.
▰ These are traditional software that we need to install on every machine.
▰ Examples of standalone application are Media player, antivirus, etc. AWT and
Swing are used in Java for creating standalone applications.
2) Web Application
▰ An application that runs on the server side and creates a dynamic page is called a
web application.
▰ Currently, Servlet, JSP, Struts, Spring, Hibernate, JSF, etc. technologies are used
for creating web applications in Java. @Dr. Arpana Chaturvedi

Unit-I Client Side Technologies- Web 2.0
3) Enterprise Application
▰ An application that is distributed in nature, such as banking applications, etc. is
called enterprise application.
▰ It has advantages of the high-level security, load balancing, and clustering.
▰ In Java, EJB is used for creating enterprise applications.
4) Mobile Application
▰ An application which is created for mobile devices is called a mobile application.
▰ Currently, Android and Java ME are used for creating mobile applications.

Unit-I - Flavors in Java
Java has been categorized into four flavors and by learning each version of
java, we can develop various kind of applications.
1. Java Standard Edition
2. Java Enterprise Edition
3. Java Micro Edition
4. Java FX

Unit-I Java Standard Edition
▰ It is known as JSE. One should learn it at beginners Level.
▰ It is a very basic version and is the first flavor of Java Language.
▰ This edition includes the basic application structure, Fundamental structure
(Operator. Data type, OOP concept), Exception Handling and File handling.
▰ It is also known as core Java. Standard edition is a widely used platform for
computer programming in the Java language.
▰ It includes core topics like OOPs, String, Regex, Exception, Inner classes,
Multithreading, I/O Stream, Networking, AWT, Swing, Reflection, Collection, etc.

Unit-I Java Standard Edition
▰ It is the Java platform commonly used to deploy portable applications(Desktop
applications) for general use
▰ Java SE consists of the virtual machine which must be used to run Java programs,
a set of libraries needed to allows the use of the system, networks, graphical
interface and so on, from within that program.
▰ It includes Java programming APIs such as java.lang, java.io, java.net,
java.util, java.sql, java.math etc. @Dr. Arpana Chaturvedi

Unit-I Java Enterprise Edition
▰ It is known as J2EE or JEE.
▰ J2EE is build up from JSE with additional features for business purpose. It includes
topics like Servlet, JSP, Web Services, EJB, JPA, etc.
▰ It has extra libraries which can be used to develop JEE applications.
▰ It provides functions to deploy fault-tolerant distributed multi-tier Java software.
▰ This software is based largely on modular component running on an application
server.
▰ It is an enterprise platform which is mainly used to develop web and enterprise
applications using J2EE.

Unit-I Java Micro Edition
▰ It is known as J2ME or JME- Java ME is a Java platform used to design for
embedded systems(Mobile devices are one kind of such systems, Mobile
phones, PDAs).
▰ Nowadays, this version is very popular for mobile application development –
Android is the best example for use of Java ME

Unit-I JavaFX
▰ It is used to develop rich internet applications , it requires a browser, browser plug-in or virtual
machine to deliver a user application.
▰ It uses a light-weight user interface API. Data manipulation is handled by the server, and user
interface and related object manipulation are handled by the client machine.
▰ It does not require client machine installation. The RIA may request that the user download
and install a required platform if the platform not present.
▰ An RIA usually operates in a sandbox, which is a designated desktop area in a client machine.
The sandbox limits visibility and access to the client machine’s file system and OS. Sandbox
parameters reduce inherent RIA security vulnerabilities. @Dr. Arpana Chaturvedi

Unit-I JavaFX
▰ JavaFX is used for creating desktop applications and also rich internet applications(RIAs)
which can be run on a wide variety of devices. JavaFX has almost replaced Swing as the
standard GUI library for Java Standard Edition. JavaFX support for desktop computers and
web browsers.

Unit-I Java Versions
• JDK Alpha and beta – The first Alpha and Beta version released in 1995.
• JDK 1.0 –This version released on January 23, 1996, and called oak
• JDK 1.1 –This version of Java released on February 19, 1997, and included more facilities.
• J2SE 1.2 – This version of Java released on December 8, 1998, and included even more facilities.
• J2SE 1.3 – This version of Java released on May 8, 2000, and included even more notable changes.
• J2SE 1.4 – This version of Java released on February 6th, 2002, major changes included.
• J2SE 5.0 – This version of Java released on September 30, 2004, and major changes included.
• J2SE SE6 – This version of Java released on December 11, 2006
• J2SE SE7 – Java 7 is a major update that launched on July 7 2011
• J2SE SE8 – This version of Java was released on March 18, 2014

Java SE Version
Version Number Release Date
JDK 1.0 (Oak) 1.0 January 1996
JDK 1.1 1.1 February 1997
J2SE 1.2 (Playground) 1.2 December 1998
J2SE 1.3 (Kestrel) 1.3 May 2000
J2SE 1.4 (Merlin) 1.4 February 2002
J2SE 5.0 (Tiger) 1.5 September 2004

Java SE Version
Java SE 6 (Mustang) 1.6 December 2006
Java SE 7 (Dolphin) 1.7 July 2011
Java SE 8 1.8 March 2014
Java SE 9 9 September, 21st 2017
Java SE 10 10 March, 20th 2018
Java SE 11 11 September, 25th 2018
Java SE 13
13
September, 17th 2019

Java SE Version
Java SE 15 15 September, 15th 2020
Java SE 16 16 Expected on March 2021
It is clear from the above tables that the naming and the version number have been changing over times:
 Versions 1.0 and 1.1 are named as JDK (Java Development Kit).
 From versions 1.2 to 1.4, the platform is named as J2SE (Java 2 Standard Edition).
 From versions 1.5, Sun introduces internal and external versions. Internal version is continuous from
previous ones (1.5 after 1.4), but the external version has a big jump (5.0 for 1.5). This could make
confusion for someone, so keep in mind that version 1.5 and version 5.0 are just two different version
names for only one thing.
 From Java 6, the version name is Java SE X.
Major versions were released after every 2 years, however the Java SE 7 took 5 years to be available after
its predecessor Java SE 6, and 3 years for Java SE 8 to be available to public afterward.
Since Java SE 10, new versions will be released very six months.

Unit-I Conclusion
▰ Java programmers will find job opportunities in all areas related to e-commerce,
portals, content management, databases, data warehousing and custom
applications development.
▰ The Java programming language is a vital part of the delivery of new information
that helps people to connect and businesses to grow.
▰ This language connects applications to data, data to people, and people to their
digital lifestyle and is used by more than 12 million programmers worldwide.
▰ From AI and machine learning to blockchain and beyond, let’s explore the sectors
where Java is being used today and will continue to play an integral part in the
future.

Unit 1 part 1 introduction to java

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