This document summarizes media and social media in Mexico in 2012. It notes that Mexico does not have a strong democracy and was ruled by a single party for 70 years. It then contrasts traditional media like television dominated by two networks, with growing social media use. While internet penetration is still low, social networks like Facebook and Twitter are influential, especially among youth. The 2012 elections showed politicians using social media for campaigning, while the #Yosoy132 student movement counteracted some traditional media narratives through social media.
Online social movements and networked activism. Trends around researchJosé Manuel Noguera
This document discusses online social movements and networked activism in Spain. It focuses on two key Spanish political movements: Pásalo in 2004 and 15M in 2011.
It analyzes how these movements utilized social media and networked communication to organize and spread their messages outside of traditional media. Specifically, it looks at how 15M protesters coordinated on social networks and how analysis of Twitter data showed decentralized, non-hierarchical information flows.
The document also examines how mainstream media initially failed to adequately cover 15M in its early days, while discussion grew rapidly on social networks. It identifies open questions around the media logic of social networks and how they spread the messages of online social movements.
This dissertation examines the role of new communication technologies and Tunisian activists in shaping the outcome of Tunisia's transition following the 2010-2011 revolution. It explores how activists utilized online platforms like blogs and social media to publicize grievances against the former regime and influence international coverage of the revolution. The study aims to determine if activists have gained political empowerment through these technologies, and if this empowerment is sustainable in Tunisia's current political context. Interviews are conducted with activists to understand their roles, visibility, popularity and credibility in the post-revolution period. The research also analyzes control over information and the "market for loyalties" using Monroe Price's theoretical framework to assess activists' ongoing authority and ability to engage in
New communication technologies and microfinance banking in nigeria critical r...Alexander Decker
This document discusses the role of social media in achieving microfinance banking goals in Nigeria. It begins with definitions of key concepts - microfinance banking, social media, and new communication technologies. Microfinance banks provide financial services to the poor and small businesses in Nigeria. The establishment of these banks in Nigeria is aimed at poverty reduction and economic development. Effective communication is important for the success of microfinance initiatives. The social media, as interactive online platforms, can play important roles in raising awareness of microfinance opportunities and monitoring the activities of these banks. The document suggests a two-step approach, using both web-based social media and traditional community groups, to inform potential microfinance clients about how to access these services.
Hate Speech and Nigeria’s Struggle for Democratic Consolidation: A Conceptual...Premier Publishers
Fake news and hate speech are not new to Nigerian democracy. However, since the internet revolution in recent decades, 2015 is seen as the year Nigeria finally woke up to the threat of fake news and hate speech fueled by internet technologies that are subtly used to undermine democracy. Since then, whenever national, state or local council elections approach, Nigeria experiences tense and difficult times – conflicts, media propaganda, hate comments and false information – circumstances that are inimical to the nation’s democracy. Despite fake news and hate have become global concepts, peculiarities of nations and cultures democracies imply that context-based tools will be more suitable to provide evidence-based data on their impact on democracies. To provide an understanding of the call-for-research epistemologies being developed in Nigerian academic circles, this paper presents a critical review of a book chapter titled Fake News, Hate Speech and Nigeria’s Struggle for Democratic Consolidation: A Conceptual Review written by two Nigerian scholars: Prof. Umaru A. Pate (Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria) and Adamkolo Mohammed Ibrahim (University of Maiduguri, Nigeria) published 2020 by IGI Global. The chapter provides a further understanding on the impacts and processes of fake news and hate speech in Nigeria, especially during political activities.
The document discusses World Press Freedom Day 2021 and its focus on promoting information as a public good. It notes that while access to information has expanded, economic challenges threaten the viability of news media. It also discusses the role of internet companies and the need for transparency. The 2021 event will highlight ensuring economic viability of news media, mechanisms for transparency of internet companies, and enhancing media literacy to recognize the value of journalism.
The document discusses Clay Shirky and Evgeny Morozov's views on media and the internet.
1. Shirky identified four periods of media change: printing press, telegraph/telephone, recorded media, and broadcast media. The internet allows for both groups and conversations. It has changed audiences from consumers to producers.
2. In China, social media reported the Sichuan earthquake faster than authorities. Citizen journalism exposed corruption and led to activism against poor school construction. The government then cracked down on social media.
3. Morozov criticizes the view of some that the internet inevitably leads to democracy. Authoritarian regimes have used social media for surveillance and to address local issues, gaining
Journalism is a method of inquiry and literary style that aims to provide a service to the public by the dissemination and analysis of news and other information.
Journalism is a method of inquiry and literary style that aims to provide a service to the public by the dissemination and analysis of news and other information.
Online social movements and networked activism. Trends around researchJosé Manuel Noguera
This document discusses online social movements and networked activism in Spain. It focuses on two key Spanish political movements: Pásalo in 2004 and 15M in 2011.
It analyzes how these movements utilized social media and networked communication to organize and spread their messages outside of traditional media. Specifically, it looks at how 15M protesters coordinated on social networks and how analysis of Twitter data showed decentralized, non-hierarchical information flows.
The document also examines how mainstream media initially failed to adequately cover 15M in its early days, while discussion grew rapidly on social networks. It identifies open questions around the media logic of social networks and how they spread the messages of online social movements.
This dissertation examines the role of new communication technologies and Tunisian activists in shaping the outcome of Tunisia's transition following the 2010-2011 revolution. It explores how activists utilized online platforms like blogs and social media to publicize grievances against the former regime and influence international coverage of the revolution. The study aims to determine if activists have gained political empowerment through these technologies, and if this empowerment is sustainable in Tunisia's current political context. Interviews are conducted with activists to understand their roles, visibility, popularity and credibility in the post-revolution period. The research also analyzes control over information and the "market for loyalties" using Monroe Price's theoretical framework to assess activists' ongoing authority and ability to engage in
New communication technologies and microfinance banking in nigeria critical r...Alexander Decker
This document discusses the role of social media in achieving microfinance banking goals in Nigeria. It begins with definitions of key concepts - microfinance banking, social media, and new communication technologies. Microfinance banks provide financial services to the poor and small businesses in Nigeria. The establishment of these banks in Nigeria is aimed at poverty reduction and economic development. Effective communication is important for the success of microfinance initiatives. The social media, as interactive online platforms, can play important roles in raising awareness of microfinance opportunities and monitoring the activities of these banks. The document suggests a two-step approach, using both web-based social media and traditional community groups, to inform potential microfinance clients about how to access these services.
Hate Speech and Nigeria’s Struggle for Democratic Consolidation: A Conceptual...Premier Publishers
Fake news and hate speech are not new to Nigerian democracy. However, since the internet revolution in recent decades, 2015 is seen as the year Nigeria finally woke up to the threat of fake news and hate speech fueled by internet technologies that are subtly used to undermine democracy. Since then, whenever national, state or local council elections approach, Nigeria experiences tense and difficult times – conflicts, media propaganda, hate comments and false information – circumstances that are inimical to the nation’s democracy. Despite fake news and hate have become global concepts, peculiarities of nations and cultures democracies imply that context-based tools will be more suitable to provide evidence-based data on their impact on democracies. To provide an understanding of the call-for-research epistemologies being developed in Nigerian academic circles, this paper presents a critical review of a book chapter titled Fake News, Hate Speech and Nigeria’s Struggle for Democratic Consolidation: A Conceptual Review written by two Nigerian scholars: Prof. Umaru A. Pate (Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria) and Adamkolo Mohammed Ibrahim (University of Maiduguri, Nigeria) published 2020 by IGI Global. The chapter provides a further understanding on the impacts and processes of fake news and hate speech in Nigeria, especially during political activities.
The document discusses World Press Freedom Day 2021 and its focus on promoting information as a public good. It notes that while access to information has expanded, economic challenges threaten the viability of news media. It also discusses the role of internet companies and the need for transparency. The 2021 event will highlight ensuring economic viability of news media, mechanisms for transparency of internet companies, and enhancing media literacy to recognize the value of journalism.
The document discusses Clay Shirky and Evgeny Morozov's views on media and the internet.
1. Shirky identified four periods of media change: printing press, telegraph/telephone, recorded media, and broadcast media. The internet allows for both groups and conversations. It has changed audiences from consumers to producers.
2. In China, social media reported the Sichuan earthquake faster than authorities. Citizen journalism exposed corruption and led to activism against poor school construction. The government then cracked down on social media.
3. Morozov criticizes the view of some that the internet inevitably leads to democracy. Authoritarian regimes have used social media for surveillance and to address local issues, gaining
Journalism is a method of inquiry and literary style that aims to provide a service to the public by the dissemination and analysis of news and other information.
Journalism is a method of inquiry and literary style that aims to provide a service to the public by the dissemination and analysis of news and other information.
This document summarizes a research paper about the Boko Haram insurgency in Nigeria and recommendations for an effective media response. It provides background on Boko Haram's origins and increasing violent attacks targeting government, religious, and media sites. The government's inconsistent response is discussed, as well as the media's role in framing terrorism issues and potential to influence the conflict through objective reporting. The paper examines how media coverage can help curb Boko Haram using recommendations grounded in framing theory.
Popular culture, mobile advertising and the knowledge economy in africaBabatope Falade
The document discusses popular culture in Africa and how the rise of mobile technology and internet access is impacting popular culture and driving the knowledge economy. It notes that mobile devices have helped Africa leapfrog advancements made by developed countries by providing widespread internet access. Young Africans now engage more with mobile phones for activities like retail, communication and information, and are targeted by mobile advertisers. For Africa to succeed in the knowledge economy, it must understand the requirements and how knowledge creation around digital technologies and popular culture can create or export jobs if the right technological knowledge is developed locally.
Press freedom is important to ensure transparency in democratic societies and allow the media to publish matters of public interest. However, for press freedom to be meaningful, people must understand their right to information and hold the media accountable. Media literacy educates the public on the media's role in reporting truthfully and reflecting society, while empowering people to demand coverage of important issues and bring ignored stories to light. Promoting media literacy and citizens' right to information helps create a well-informed public and strengthens democracy.
This document discusses social communication and the factors involved in the communication process. Social communication is an interdisciplinary field that investigates information exchange, mass media, and cultural industries. Key factors in effective communication include a sender, receiver, message, and channel. The document also outlines different types of media like print, audio, visual, and social media. It provides examples of the development of media like newspapers, radio, television, and social media in Venezuela. Laws around media responsibility in Venezuela are also mentioned.
The document discusses how social media and the internet have changed the political landscape and democratic processes. It outlines how politicians now embrace platforms like Facebook and YouTube to engage citizens, how citizens can use social media to discuss issues, communicate with politicians, and organize activism. Examples are given of Barack Obama's successful 2008 social media campaign and how social media was used in the UK 2010 election debates and Arab Spring uprisings to facilitate activism and drive political change.
Are Social Media Emancipatory or Hegemonic? Societal Effects of Mass Media D...MIS Quarterly
This study examines how social media and traditional media shape public discourse during sociopolitical issues. The researchers analyzed media coverage and online discourse around the Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA) to test propositions about how different types of media may afford emancipation through participation or hegemony through control of discourse. The findings showed that social media allowed more participation through unconstrained authorship and influence, but also exhibited more constrained framing of issues than traditional media. Lean social media further exacerbated these effects by limiting participation and framing. Overall, both social and traditional media were found to both enable emancipation through participation and exhibit hegemonic control of discourse framing.
R@D 1 - Facebook and the anti-FARC RalliesDigiActive
This document summarizes research on the "A Million Voices Against FARC" Facebook group and protests organized in response to it. The Facebook group was started by a Colombian engineer and grew to over 300,000 members opposed to the FARC rebel group in Colombia. In January and February 2008, protests were held in 165 cities around the world in response to the Facebook group's call. While social media helped organize global protests, the document notes that social inequalities mean access to such tools is still limited for many in Colombia and globally. The protests simplified Colombia's complex conflict and did not represent all citizens. Overall, the document examines how social media can enhance activism but outcomes depend on users and local contexts.
The document discusses the relationship between culture and technology from several perspectives. It examines how artists have represented technology, including the Futurist and Constructivist movements that embraced technology. It explores debates around technological determinism versus social and cultural influences. The document also analyzes how modernism reflected new technologies and industrialization, and how postmodern aesthetics represented a shift from modernism through developments like Pop Art. Overall, the document provides an overview of theoretical frameworks for analyzing the intersection of culture and technology through history.
This presentation discusses how a group of Mexican farmers called the Zapatistas used the internet and cyber activism to take on the Mexican government. It provides examples of how the Zapatistas spread their message online, gaining international support through websites, forums and social media. This online activism helped the Zapatistas achieve recognition for their cause and pressure the Mexican government into negotiations.
Us media history (American Media History)uni of Gujrat
During the 19th century, newspapers began to expand and appear outside the cities of the Eastern United States. From the 1830s onward the penny press began to play a major role in American journalism.
This chapter examines what Americans know about politics and the impact of media on political knowledge. It is divided into two sections. The first discusses Americans' modest levels of political knowledge and potential reasons for knowledge deficits, including lack of incentive, how news is presented, increased media choices, misleading information, and disconnect from politics. The second section looks at media's role from different perspectives, including mass communication, psychology, sociology, and how individuals construct meaning. It also discusses how the internet is increasingly replacing television as a news source for young people and implications for democracy.
This chapter discusses various informal controls on media, including ethics, performance codes, organizational policies, self-criticism, and outside pressures. It outlines several important ethical principles like the golden mean, categorical imperative, and principle of utility that guide media professionals. All major media have performance codes to standardize conduct. Additionally, media organizations have internal standards departments and policy books. Advertisers and pressure groups can also influence media through economic and social pressures. Education is seen as important for developing ethical thinking in future media professionals.
37 role of social media in political and regime change the college studyMary Smith
It is an educational blog and intended to serve as complete and self-contained work on essays, paragraph, speeches, articles, letters, stories, quotes.
https://www.thecollegestudy.net/
The document discusses the history and importance of information literacy. It describes how Paul Zurkowski first proposed universal information literacy training in 1974 to help people learn to search new databases and mainframe computers. It then discusses how a lack of information literacy skills can undermine democracy by allowing misinformation to spread and powerful groups to control information. Finally, it argues that information literacy can create a "New Era of Enlightenment" by empowering citizens to navigate information and make informed decisions about their lives and countries. Zurkowski proposes the Information Action Coalition to extend information literacy training globally.
This chapter examines the social effects of mass media through quantitative studies. It discusses how surveys and experiments are used to study the impacts of media on knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors. Specific topics covered include how media can influence socialization, cultivate perceptions of reality, and set the public agenda on issues. The chapter also analyzes research on how media consumption relates to behaviors like aggression and prosocial actions. It explores the political impacts of media and how new technologies like the Internet may shape social involvement.
This chapter discusses advertising, including its definition, classification, history, and key components. Advertising is defined as nonpersonal promotion of ideas, goods, or services paid for by an identified sponsor. It can be classified by audience, geography, and purpose. The chapter outlines the development of advertising from early print to modern mass media like television and the internet. It distinguishes the three main parts of the advertising industry as advertisers, agencies, and media companies. The impact of new digital technologies on advertising models and strategies is also addressed.
Clay Shirky discussed four periods of technological change in media: 1) printing press in 1400s, 2) telegraph and telephone about 200 years ago, 3) recorded media 50 years later, and 4) screens about 100 years ago. He described these as incompatible ways of communicating. The internet provides native support for groups and conversations. It has changed how audiences behave by allowing media to migrate to the internet and be near each other, transforming audiences from consumers to producers.
Evgeny Morozov critiques cyberutopian assumptions that increased internet access will inevitably lead to more democracy. He argues this view ignores cultural and political forces and confuses the intended uses of technology with actual uses. While dictators may
Public relations involves strategic communication between an organization and its various audiences to manage public perception and optimize reputation. It is a management function that uses research and communication techniques like press releases, social media, and events to influence opinion. While similar to advertising, PR differs in that it is not paid, uses two-way communication, and aims to serve both organizational and public interests through transparency and responsiveness to changing environments. The field has grown with increased corporate social responsibility, consumerism, and technological developments that require specialized communication of complex messages.
This document discusses the social shaping of internet-based media applications in global communication through case studies of Iran and Indonesia. In Iran, social media played a key role in women's rights campaigns by spreading information and building social movements. In Indonesia, the internet and social networks in cybercafes helped spread controversial information that initiated political revolution against President Suharto. However, authoritarian regimes can still exert control over internet media. The document raises questions about assessing the impact and stabilization of social media globally and how communication theories account for grassroots anti-capitalist movements in Asia.
Towards Improving Governance in Nigeria through the MediaPremier Publishers
Although the media is popularly regarded as the fourth estate, it has not reached its potential in Nigeria as a driver of democratic principles. This conceptual analysis sort to interrogate the seeming symbiotic relationship which exists between the media and democratic governance in the country. With the aid of the free press theory, the researcher discovered that forming public opinion, media independence and naming and shaming of corrupt public office holders are crucial to enabling the media play its invaluable role as a catalyst for good governance in Nigeria.
This document is a research paper examining the role of social media in democracy and governance in Nigeria. It contains an abstract, keywords, research question, and 5 chapters that discuss the introduction/literature review on the topic, methodology, findings and observations from interviews and a questionnaire, and a conclusion. The paper finds that social media has increased political awareness and participation among Nigerians, particularly youth. Interviews found that people feel more informed in real-time and can gain followers expressing political views online. However, some manipulation of social media for political purposes was also observed.
This document discusses new media and its impact. It defines new media as related to the internet, technology, images and sound. New media has provided space for freedom of expression and opinion. It has also enabled information sharing in new ways. The document discusses how social media in particular has allowed for political participation and influence. New media can change social interactions and relationships at both individual and societal levels by allowing rapid information dissemination. Examples are provided of how new media has enabled political and social movements and activism. The conclusion discusses challenges of democratization through media and the need for governance and education around new media.
This document summarizes a research paper about the Boko Haram insurgency in Nigeria and recommendations for an effective media response. It provides background on Boko Haram's origins and increasing violent attacks targeting government, religious, and media sites. The government's inconsistent response is discussed, as well as the media's role in framing terrorism issues and potential to influence the conflict through objective reporting. The paper examines how media coverage can help curb Boko Haram using recommendations grounded in framing theory.
Popular culture, mobile advertising and the knowledge economy in africaBabatope Falade
The document discusses popular culture in Africa and how the rise of mobile technology and internet access is impacting popular culture and driving the knowledge economy. It notes that mobile devices have helped Africa leapfrog advancements made by developed countries by providing widespread internet access. Young Africans now engage more with mobile phones for activities like retail, communication and information, and are targeted by mobile advertisers. For Africa to succeed in the knowledge economy, it must understand the requirements and how knowledge creation around digital technologies and popular culture can create or export jobs if the right technological knowledge is developed locally.
Press freedom is important to ensure transparency in democratic societies and allow the media to publish matters of public interest. However, for press freedom to be meaningful, people must understand their right to information and hold the media accountable. Media literacy educates the public on the media's role in reporting truthfully and reflecting society, while empowering people to demand coverage of important issues and bring ignored stories to light. Promoting media literacy and citizens' right to information helps create a well-informed public and strengthens democracy.
This document discusses social communication and the factors involved in the communication process. Social communication is an interdisciplinary field that investigates information exchange, mass media, and cultural industries. Key factors in effective communication include a sender, receiver, message, and channel. The document also outlines different types of media like print, audio, visual, and social media. It provides examples of the development of media like newspapers, radio, television, and social media in Venezuela. Laws around media responsibility in Venezuela are also mentioned.
The document discusses how social media and the internet have changed the political landscape and democratic processes. It outlines how politicians now embrace platforms like Facebook and YouTube to engage citizens, how citizens can use social media to discuss issues, communicate with politicians, and organize activism. Examples are given of Barack Obama's successful 2008 social media campaign and how social media was used in the UK 2010 election debates and Arab Spring uprisings to facilitate activism and drive political change.
Are Social Media Emancipatory or Hegemonic? Societal Effects of Mass Media D...MIS Quarterly
This study examines how social media and traditional media shape public discourse during sociopolitical issues. The researchers analyzed media coverage and online discourse around the Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA) to test propositions about how different types of media may afford emancipation through participation or hegemony through control of discourse. The findings showed that social media allowed more participation through unconstrained authorship and influence, but also exhibited more constrained framing of issues than traditional media. Lean social media further exacerbated these effects by limiting participation and framing. Overall, both social and traditional media were found to both enable emancipation through participation and exhibit hegemonic control of discourse framing.
R@D 1 - Facebook and the anti-FARC RalliesDigiActive
This document summarizes research on the "A Million Voices Against FARC" Facebook group and protests organized in response to it. The Facebook group was started by a Colombian engineer and grew to over 300,000 members opposed to the FARC rebel group in Colombia. In January and February 2008, protests were held in 165 cities around the world in response to the Facebook group's call. While social media helped organize global protests, the document notes that social inequalities mean access to such tools is still limited for many in Colombia and globally. The protests simplified Colombia's complex conflict and did not represent all citizens. Overall, the document examines how social media can enhance activism but outcomes depend on users and local contexts.
The document discusses the relationship between culture and technology from several perspectives. It examines how artists have represented technology, including the Futurist and Constructivist movements that embraced technology. It explores debates around technological determinism versus social and cultural influences. The document also analyzes how modernism reflected new technologies and industrialization, and how postmodern aesthetics represented a shift from modernism through developments like Pop Art. Overall, the document provides an overview of theoretical frameworks for analyzing the intersection of culture and technology through history.
This presentation discusses how a group of Mexican farmers called the Zapatistas used the internet and cyber activism to take on the Mexican government. It provides examples of how the Zapatistas spread their message online, gaining international support through websites, forums and social media. This online activism helped the Zapatistas achieve recognition for their cause and pressure the Mexican government into negotiations.
Us media history (American Media History)uni of Gujrat
During the 19th century, newspapers began to expand and appear outside the cities of the Eastern United States. From the 1830s onward the penny press began to play a major role in American journalism.
This chapter examines what Americans know about politics and the impact of media on political knowledge. It is divided into two sections. The first discusses Americans' modest levels of political knowledge and potential reasons for knowledge deficits, including lack of incentive, how news is presented, increased media choices, misleading information, and disconnect from politics. The second section looks at media's role from different perspectives, including mass communication, psychology, sociology, and how individuals construct meaning. It also discusses how the internet is increasingly replacing television as a news source for young people and implications for democracy.
This chapter discusses various informal controls on media, including ethics, performance codes, organizational policies, self-criticism, and outside pressures. It outlines several important ethical principles like the golden mean, categorical imperative, and principle of utility that guide media professionals. All major media have performance codes to standardize conduct. Additionally, media organizations have internal standards departments and policy books. Advertisers and pressure groups can also influence media through economic and social pressures. Education is seen as important for developing ethical thinking in future media professionals.
37 role of social media in political and regime change the college studyMary Smith
It is an educational blog and intended to serve as complete and self-contained work on essays, paragraph, speeches, articles, letters, stories, quotes.
https://www.thecollegestudy.net/
The document discusses the history and importance of information literacy. It describes how Paul Zurkowski first proposed universal information literacy training in 1974 to help people learn to search new databases and mainframe computers. It then discusses how a lack of information literacy skills can undermine democracy by allowing misinformation to spread and powerful groups to control information. Finally, it argues that information literacy can create a "New Era of Enlightenment" by empowering citizens to navigate information and make informed decisions about their lives and countries. Zurkowski proposes the Information Action Coalition to extend information literacy training globally.
This chapter examines the social effects of mass media through quantitative studies. It discusses how surveys and experiments are used to study the impacts of media on knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors. Specific topics covered include how media can influence socialization, cultivate perceptions of reality, and set the public agenda on issues. The chapter also analyzes research on how media consumption relates to behaviors like aggression and prosocial actions. It explores the political impacts of media and how new technologies like the Internet may shape social involvement.
This chapter discusses advertising, including its definition, classification, history, and key components. Advertising is defined as nonpersonal promotion of ideas, goods, or services paid for by an identified sponsor. It can be classified by audience, geography, and purpose. The chapter outlines the development of advertising from early print to modern mass media like television and the internet. It distinguishes the three main parts of the advertising industry as advertisers, agencies, and media companies. The impact of new digital technologies on advertising models and strategies is also addressed.
Clay Shirky discussed four periods of technological change in media: 1) printing press in 1400s, 2) telegraph and telephone about 200 years ago, 3) recorded media 50 years later, and 4) screens about 100 years ago. He described these as incompatible ways of communicating. The internet provides native support for groups and conversations. It has changed how audiences behave by allowing media to migrate to the internet and be near each other, transforming audiences from consumers to producers.
Evgeny Morozov critiques cyberutopian assumptions that increased internet access will inevitably lead to more democracy. He argues this view ignores cultural and political forces and confuses the intended uses of technology with actual uses. While dictators may
Public relations involves strategic communication between an organization and its various audiences to manage public perception and optimize reputation. It is a management function that uses research and communication techniques like press releases, social media, and events to influence opinion. While similar to advertising, PR differs in that it is not paid, uses two-way communication, and aims to serve both organizational and public interests through transparency and responsiveness to changing environments. The field has grown with increased corporate social responsibility, consumerism, and technological developments that require specialized communication of complex messages.
This document discusses the social shaping of internet-based media applications in global communication through case studies of Iran and Indonesia. In Iran, social media played a key role in women's rights campaigns by spreading information and building social movements. In Indonesia, the internet and social networks in cybercafes helped spread controversial information that initiated political revolution against President Suharto. However, authoritarian regimes can still exert control over internet media. The document raises questions about assessing the impact and stabilization of social media globally and how communication theories account for grassroots anti-capitalist movements in Asia.
Towards Improving Governance in Nigeria through the MediaPremier Publishers
Although the media is popularly regarded as the fourth estate, it has not reached its potential in Nigeria as a driver of democratic principles. This conceptual analysis sort to interrogate the seeming symbiotic relationship which exists between the media and democratic governance in the country. With the aid of the free press theory, the researcher discovered that forming public opinion, media independence and naming and shaming of corrupt public office holders are crucial to enabling the media play its invaluable role as a catalyst for good governance in Nigeria.
This document is a research paper examining the role of social media in democracy and governance in Nigeria. It contains an abstract, keywords, research question, and 5 chapters that discuss the introduction/literature review on the topic, methodology, findings and observations from interviews and a questionnaire, and a conclusion. The paper finds that social media has increased political awareness and participation among Nigerians, particularly youth. Interviews found that people feel more informed in real-time and can gain followers expressing political views online. However, some manipulation of social media for political purposes was also observed.
This document discusses new media and its impact. It defines new media as related to the internet, technology, images and sound. New media has provided space for freedom of expression and opinion. It has also enabled information sharing in new ways. The document discusses how social media in particular has allowed for political participation and influence. New media can change social interactions and relationships at both individual and societal levels by allowing rapid information dissemination. Examples are provided of how new media has enabled political and social movements and activism. The conclusion discusses challenges of democratization through media and the need for governance and education around new media.
Social Media Role in politics ziad jaserZiad Jaser
This document analyzes the role of social media in politics. It discusses how social media has become an essential tool for political mobilization, campaigning, and propaganda. Social media helps activists organize protests, politicians campaign for office, and groups spread their messages. While not single-handedly causing political change, social media provides new opportunities for participation and has influenced many political events and outcomes in recent years.
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Impact Of Journalism On Society
Journalism has evolved over time. During the eighteenth century, newspapers and magazines were the primary medium of delivering information. The late twentieth and early twenty first centuries have seen the rise of new digital and and networking communication technologies that have propelled journalism to another level. The invention of the radio, television, cameras, and the internet has resulted in the rapid sharing of information with the public. Nevertheless, there is a significant number of people who still rely on newspapers and magazines today. That said, could journalism have a significant political impact in our societies? To a great extent, the media serves as a witness of the events happening within our societies and then...show more content...Without the media, how would the citizens be able to hold the government to account of their actions? A fair and just society is built by transparency and accountability of the leaders. The media serves to promote this, by acting as a witness of government actions. Politicians make decisions and take action on behalf of the public. Journalists analyse those decisions and give reports of the consequences to the public.
In this generation, the public s time and attention has been channeled towards social media. Platforms such as Facebook and Twitter are being used to evaluate the relationship between the use of social media and public engagement. The 2008 and 2012 presidential campaigns and the 2011 Arab Spring sparked interest in the relation between social media and politics. The best known inquiry into this issue was the 61 million person experiment in social influence and political mobilization (Bo
1. Media refers to various channels of communication like television, radio, newspapers, and the internet. It performs important functions in society such as providing information, education, entertainment, and connecting different parts of society.
2. During the 20th century, new media channels like radio and television were developed and became mass media capable of reaching millions of people. More recently, the internet was developed in the 1950s and is now accessible to about half the world's population.
3. The key functions of media include providing information, education, entertainment, highlighting important issues, promoting accountability and good governance, and enabling advertisement. Media plays an important role in society.
The document discusses how the proliferation of digital technologies and the internet has contributed to the emergence of a nonpolar international system characterized by numerous centers of power beyond just states. It notes how globalization and new communication forms have empowered non-state actors and weakened states. The US still maintains military dominance but has lost economic dominance. The document also provides examples of how social movements and political campaigns have leveraged digital tools and social media to organize and spread information.
This document summarizes a discussion on "Internet-Driven Developments: Structural Changes and Tipping Points" held at Harvard University. It focuses on three main themes: 1) Internet development varies by country but emerging economies face similar problems connecting citizens and strengthening weak democratic institutions, 2) social networks in Mexico are facing censorship attempts from local governments and threats from organized crime, 3) emerging economies like Mexico face pressure to sign agreements like ACTA and TPP that could inhibit Internet freedom and participation given existing digital divides.
This document discusses the role of the media in a democracy. It examines different types of media like television, radio, newspapers, and social media. It explores how politicians use media to influence voters through staged events, photos, social media, and by claiming bias. The document also analyzes theories about the power of media, including the hypodermic needle theory, uses and gratifications theory, and cultural effects theory. Finally, it discusses the rights and responsibilities of media to inform voters and hold leaders accountable, as well as arguments for and against greater government regulation of media.
Traditional media is still valuable despite the rise of new media due to its wider reach, especially among those in remote areas. Both traditional and new media are important for keeping people informed and connected, as the choice of media depends on one's needs, interests, and lifestyle. While new media is useful, traditional media is not yet obsolete.
This document is a minor dissertation submitted by Jorge Martín Mora to University College Cork on May 15, 2015 about the 15-M Revolution social movement in Spain. It discusses how the 15-M movement utilized social media to organize mass protests in 2011 against the political and economic establishment. Social media allowed the movement to coordinate demonstrations across Spain and bring attention to their demands for greater participatory democracy and response to the financial crisis. While the 15-M movement did not achieve major political reforms, it has had ongoing social and political impacts by challenging Spain's two-party system and inspiring new forms of civic engagement and protest.
The world “Media is a plural Latin noun; the singular form is medium”. So it is correct to call television a “medium” and to refer to multiple types of communication as “Media”.
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Scienceresearchinventy
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
This document discusses the relationship between politics and popular culture. It provides examples of how politicians have embraced pop culture, like Ronald Reagan being an actor and Bill Clinton playing saxophone on TV. It also discusses how Barack Obama became a pop culture icon. The document then examines how television and social media have influenced politics, like Saturday Night Live sketches impacting views of Sarah Palin and controversies around social media policies. It analyzes grassroots political videos and images that spread online, arguing popular culture has empowered citizens and changed how people engage with politics.
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The document discusses the role of media in representing natural disasters. It notes that media coverage of disasters often overlooks many important aspects and focuses on highlighting or hiding certain causes and consequences. The article being discussed, "Cleanup From California Fires poses Environmental and Health Risks", takes an approach that focuses on environmental and economic costs of cleanup rather than on the human impacts of the fires, which included many deaths and thousands displaced. The document argues that media have biases in how they distribute information and that it is important for consumers to research sources to understand these biases, especially around coverage of sensitive topics like disasters.
Global Media Culture in the Contemporary World.pptxAzeBocacao
The document discusses several key topics related to media and globalization:
1. Media plays a role in globalization by spreading cultural products and influencing other cultures, and technology continues to propel this process.
2. Social media in particular has democratized access to information but also contributes to "cyberbalkanization" as people isolate themselves in ideological bubbles.
3. While Western culture remains influential, Asian cultures have also proliferated globally through media, challenging ideas of unilateral cultural influence.
The document discusses the shift from mass media to social media and the importance of media policy in the digital age. It outlines how (1) social media empowers individuals through participation and multi-directional communication compared to the top-down model of mass media, and (2) recent technological changes and the rise of social media have disrupted established media industries and policies. It argues that (3) media policy must change to prioritize alternative voices, empower all members of society, and enhance democratic values in this new era of personal, participatory media.
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Unc english
1.
Media
and
Social
Media
in
Mexico
2012
Lecture
Course:
Journalism
and
Media
in
LatinAmerica.
University
of
North
Carolina
Chapel
Hill
By
María
Elena
Meneses
Tecnológico
de
Monterrey
@marmenes
Mexico
doesn´t
have
a
strong
democracy
according
with
the
typology
established
by
Professor
Benjamin
Barber,
not
as
the
United
States
or
some
of
the
European
countries.
During
the
XX
century,
Mexico
was
ruled
for
-‐seventy
years-‐
by
a
single
party,
the
Institutional
Revolutionary
Party,
PRI.
Political
alternance
started
only
thirteen
years
ago
in
2000
with
the
triumph
of
the
president
Vicente
Fox
from
the
National
Action
Party,
and
six
years
after-‐
in
2006-‐
with
Felipe
Calderón.
What
happend
last
year?:
The
PRI
came
back
to
power.
Our
democracy
is
not
strong
and
much
less
our
political
culture,
which
is
characterized
by
lack
of
trust
towards
the
institutions,
the
political
parties
and
politicians.
Traditional
Media
vs
Social
Media
Mexico
has
one
hundred
twelve
million
people.
42
million
have
Internet
access,
which
is
one
fourth
of
the
total
population.
The
fixed
broadband
penetration
is
low.
It
does
not
reach
fifteen
percent
of
the
population
(SCT,
2011).
Mobile
broadband
doesn´t
reach
the
ten
percent.
In
contrast-‐
open
Television
is
dominated
by
two
TV
networks:
Televisa
and
TV
Azteca.
They
reach
ninety-‐eight
percent
of
the
Mexican
homes.
Televisa
is
itself
a
virtual
monopoly
in
the
cable
TV
market,
in
which
twenty-‐seven
point
two
percent
of
the
Mexican
homes
are
subscribed.
1
2. Mexico
is
a
TV
viewer
country,
where
newspapers
are
not
red
and
Internet
penetration
is
low.
Social
networks
are
growing
and
becoming
important.
Thirty
four
million
people
have
Facebook
(Socialbakers,
2011)
Fourteen
million
people
use
Twitter
(Semiocast,
2011)
Twitter
is
a
small
network
in
Mexico,
but
it
is
influential.
We
can
find
there
politicians,
journalists,
intelectuals,
academics
and
a
well
educated
middle
class
requiring
accountability
to
the
politicians.10
million
people
use
YouTube.
Even
if
the
Internet
penetration
is
low.
Are
social
media
important
in
a
mexican
presidential
campaign?
My
answer
is
yes,
because
social
networks
users
are
influential;
they
are
mostly
young
and
the
future
of
Mexican
democracy.
No
politician
can
ignore
them.
As
you
know
Peña
won
the
presidency
with
38%
of
the
votes.
The
Federal
Election
was
a
wonderful
lab
to
learn
a
little
more
about
the
relationship
between
social
media
and
political
engagement
in
Mexico.
We
can
identify
the
following
features
of
the
role
Internet
played
in
the
political
process
of
2012:
1. As
a
transfer
of
political
parties’
practices
from
the
offline
to
the
online
environment.
2. As
a
counterweight
of
the
traidtional
media.
3. As
new
experiences
for
citizen
participation..
1.Political
practices
from
the
offline
to
the
online
environment
Since
the
middle
term
elections
in
2009,
the
web
has
been
outlined
as
the
ideal
public
sphere.
2012
was
not
the
exception,
social
networks
sites,
as
Facebook
–
Twitter
and
YouTube
were
used
by
the
candidets
and
citizens.
What
did
candidets
do
in
socialnetworks
?
2
3. Political
parties
and
candidates
used
social
media
for
their
own
interests,
without
the
minimum
attempt
to
use
these
platforms
–which,
technically,
can
promote
the
citizen
participation-‐
to
involve
the
citizens
in
creative
or
interactive
dialogues.
They
implemented
strategies
for
digital
voters’
mobilization.
This
includes
buying
followers,
using
robots
and
trolls,
whose
role
is
to
annoy
and,
in
some
cases
attack
the
political
enemies.
In
Mexico
the
private
financing
to
the
parties
is
forbbiden.
I
observed
that
between
2011
and
2012
the
number
of
social
media
users
increased
in
Mexico
–and
even
when
this
phenomenon
should
not
be
attributed
only
to
the
electoral
process,
it
might
be
a
cause
.
For
example
according
with
Semiocast
in
January
2012
there
was
11
million
Twitter
users-‐
in
July
it
registered
fourteen
millon.
Probably
Social
networks
engaged
Mexicans
in
political
issues
above
all
young
people.
2.
As
a
counterweight
The
role
of
social
networks
in
the
electoral
process
could
have
gone
unnoticed
if
it
had
not
been
for
the
student
movement
#Yosoy132
(I
am
a
hundred
and
thirty
two)
which,
in
a
surprising
and
ludic
way,
appeared
in
the
scene,
hand
by
hand
with
the
social
media.
The
movement
emerged
as
a
response
to
the
leaders
of
the
Institutional
Revolutionary
Party
who
acussed
the
students
of
the
Universidad
Ibearoamericana
in
Mexico
City
that
protested
against
the
candidat
Enrique
Peña
Nieto.
The
PRI
leaders
accused
the
protesters
of
being
infiltrated
people
in
the
university,
they
were
not
studenst,
they
said.
This
fact
was
almost
ignored
by
the
TV
network
Televisa,
and
manipulated
by
regional
and
local
newspapers
owned
by
the
media
conglomerate
named
Organización
Editorial
Mexicana
the
one
that
headlined
“Success
of
Peña
in
the
Ibero
University,
despite
attempt
of
boycott”.
3
4. The
movement
marked
the
electoral
process
by
its
freshness,
youth
and
by
how
disruptive
their
electoral
speech
was,
compared
to
the
one
portrayed
in
traditional
media.
Social
media
helped
the
young
people
of
the
Universidad
Iberoamericana
and,
later,
other
public
and
private
institutions
of
higher
education
to
articulate
the
disagreement
and
organize
mobilizations
–mainly
in
Mexico
City.
They
gave
a
new
meaning
to
politics,
thanks
to
their
demand
of
a
democratization
of
TV,
it
means,
the
end
of
Televisa
power
which
supported
Enrique
Peña
Nieto.
In
Mexico
the
media
can´t
support
a
candidate,
media
must
be
fair.
Yo
soy
132
was
a
movement
against
the
authority
and
authoritarians
The
Yosoy132
began
in
may-‐
two
months
before
the
elecions
day-‐
with
a
YouTube
video
named
131
students
respond-‐
where
the
sudents
replied
the
PRI
leaders
showing
their
student
idis.
They
said
in
that
historical
video:
"We
are
students
not
infiltrated
people
and
nobody
trained
us
for
nothing.
We
are
using
our
right
to
expression
in
order
to
deny
your
acussations".
According
with
a
survey
that
I
did
during
the
campaigns-‐
with
my
friends
an
colleagues
Enedina
Ortega
and
Gustavo
Urbina
with
a
grant
form
the
UNDP-‐
The
generation
of
young
educated
people
who
live
in
urban
areas
does
not
feel
identified
with
the
biased
traditional
media
and,
furthermore,
it
is
perceived
by
them
as
an
obstacle
to
the
freedom
of
expression.
We
must
highlight
the
organization
of
the
first
presidential
debate
arranged
by
the
students,
broadcasted
by
YouTube
and
web
sites.
The
students
produced
the
debate,
the
anchors
were
two
professors
and
one
student
from
the
Tecnológico
de
Monterrey.
Without
a
doubt,
the
student´s
movement
broke
into
the
agenda
–which
until
then
was
dominated
by
traditional
media-‐
and
probably
modified
the
perception
that
electors
had
about
the
candidates.
A
study
about
the
electoral
process,
made
by
the
organization
México
Evalúa
(2012),
correlated
the
households
with
Internet
and
the
electoral
outcome.
According
to
them,
the
PAN
candidate,
Josefina
Vázquez
Mota,
was
the
most
benefited
by
the
4
5. Internet.
However,
when
the
presence
of
TV
sets
was
compared
to
the
electoral
results,
the
most
benefited
candidate
was
Enrique
Peña
Nieto.
According
to
another
study
from
the
World
Internet
Project
and
Tecnológico
de
Monterrey,
forty-‐three
percent
of
the
web
users
admitted
that
the
web
had
influenced
their
vote
(WIP,
2012).
3.Citizen
participation
During
the
campaigns
the
presence
of
online
projects
made
by
the
civil
society
was
highlighted.
They
were
oriented
to
provide
information
about
the
candidates
and
their
proposals.
By
the
Election
Day
there
were
about
thirty
projects,
some
with
more
visibility
than
others
to
watch
the
election
and
denounce
irregularities.
Among
the
projects
it
stood
out
the
ones
made
by
Fundación
Espinosa
Yglesias
and
Arena
Electoral,
the
last
one
was
followed
by
two
hundred
sixteen
thousand
users
according
with
it´s
creator
who
studied
Law
in
our
campus.
I
coordinate
the
Internet
Studies
Center
at
Tecnológico
de
Monterrey
and
with
You
Tube
opened
a
civic
observatory
where
citizens
could
upload
videos
of
their
own
experiences
during
the
election
day.
These
kind
of
projects
appeared
for
the
first
time
in
the
mexicanelectoral
history
-‐in
contrast
with
the
information
strategy
implemented
by
traditional
media.
From
this
traditional
media
I
highlight
the
manipulation
of
polls
in
favour
of
Peña
Nieto.
Most
of
the
Mexicans
have
still
no
access
to
the
Internet
and
to
the
connection
gap
we
must
add
the
problem
of
speed,
caused
by
the
low
penetration
of
broadband.
At
the
moment,
the
digital
divide
does
not
allow
social
media
to
create
a
real
counterweight
to
the
power
of
TV.
However,
the
lesson
is
that
Mexico
is
facing
important
social
and
cultural
changes
that
must
be
taken
into
account
to
launch
new
bills,
regulations
and
public
policies.
All
of
these
should
promote
a
digital
inclusion,
a
diverse
media
and
competition
among
telecommunications.
Internet
increased
the
worst
practices
by
the
political
parties
and
traditional
media
in
2012,
but
it
favored
the
youth
political
engagement
and
it
helped
the
broadening
of
democracy
in
Mexico.
I
want
to
share
the
tweet
I
send
the
day
that
Peña
took
posession:
I
tweeted:
"It
could
be
the
same
PRI
but
the
mexican
society
is
not
the
same"
5
6. I´m
sure
that
in
this
country,
we
are
experiencing
interesting
cultural
and
political
changes.
Thank
you
6