The document describes the process for remotely conducting an ultrasonic B-scan experiment to analyze a corroded pipe sample. It involves connecting to a university network via VPN, launching a remote desktop application, and using ultrasonic scanning software to capture and analyze a B-scan image of the pipe sample. The steps include initializing the ultrasonic interface, adjusting gain and gate settings, performing a scan to capture the image, and analyzing the image data to locate defects and measure wall thickness.

1. Ultrasonic B-Scan - Remote Access Experimental Lab
Requirements
To capture and analyse an Ultrasonic B-Scan Image of a corroded pipe sample. The laboratory
exercise will be completed via remote access using a student dedicated remote desktop link from
the on-line learning environment. An additional web cam link to the laboratory for communication
with a supervising technician is also necessary.
Equipment
Remotely Accessed Ultrasonic B-Scan System.
Method
Start Procedure
1. VPN into the University Network.
2. Establish Communication with the Supervising technician.
3. Launch the relevant Remote Desktop Link from the on-line distance learning website. Use
your university user name and password to log onto the remote access computer.
4. Check that all cables have been connected and that the UT and controller interfaces are
switched on. Also ensure that the UT scanner is over a defect free region on the sample.
5. Launch the Sector B-Scan Software application using the start menu as shown below.
6. The application window will then be displayed. To enable the UT interface, select the
Control, Initialise Interface menu option.

2. 7. You should see a real-time A-Scan similar to that shown below.
8. Use the gain control to adjust the gain so that the first received signal is approx. Full screen
height.
9. Enable Gate 1 control, and adjust its position, length and level as indicated below:

3. 10. Notice that the thickness readout is displaying approx. 32mm. To calibrate for the correct
wall thickness, we need to alter the Delay control. The pipe sample wall thickness is approx.
10mm.
11. To improve the resolution of the A-Scan presentation, select a more suitable Range value.
You can use the up down control itself, or select from a predefined range .
In the figure below a time-base range of 20mm has been selected. The Gate 1 has also been
extended slightly.

4. 12. Specify the scan distance resolution required for the B-Scan image. This control
is located towards the top right of the application window.
13. Select the Start button , and inform the technician to drive the scanner forward.
The image will start being collected and displayed in real-time. If there are gaps in the B-
Scan image this may be because of the added overhead involved in the network access being
used. Don’t worry about this since it is the principle of setting up and driving the system
that we are concerned about.
14. After travelling a few 100mm inform the technician to stop the scanner. You will then need
to tell the software to End the scan . You can use the file-save menu options to
save the data file.
15. To stop the real-time A-Scan, select the Hold button. This will allow you to analyse the
acquired image. When in Hold mode and by moving the cursor over the image you will
notice that for every section along the length of the image there is a relevant A-Scan
displayed. Also the thickness is displayed in the thickness meter.
16. To display cursor and measurement options, right click over the B-Scan image. The following
pop-up menu will appear, .
17. You can use these options to perform measurements and switch cross hairs and parabolic
cursors on/off.
Data Aanalysis.

5. Experimental Data for the pipe sample has already been acquired and stored on drive C: of the host
PC.
1. To open the file use the File.. Open menu option. The following dialogue window will be
displayed. The directory where the files are stored is also indicated.
2. Select the 12 inch pipe sample file.
3. The application window will then look like the following.

6. 4. Use the pop-up menu to enable cursors, and perform measurements. Try and locate the
minimum wall thickness.
5.

7. 6. You can use the Profile menu option, to obtain a thickness profile
of the sample. The following dialogue window is first displayed.
7. Use the default settings, and select OK. The following profile window will then be displayed.
8. Note that the default range is the same as the time base. To improve the profile display you
can adjust the range up or down. Note also that the maximum, minimum and mean wall
thickness values are also given in this window.

8. Compile an experimental report, describing the process of setting up and collecting a B-Scan image.
By analysing the data file for the 12 inch pipe sample, produce a typical inspection report,
remembering to highlight the minimum, maximum and mean wall thickness values.

9. Structure of an Experimental Report
The convention, when writing a scientific report, is to adopt a rather formalised structure. The table below
describes what sections a typical report should have and a brief description of what each section should
contain. Whether the experiment is largely theoretical or more biased towards data analysis, you should still
comply as closely as possible with the structure set out in the following table. The table also gives a typical
breakdown of the marks allocated to each section (if the experiment is for assessment). Since no two
experiments or investigations are the same, the relative weights of each section might well vary from one
experiment to another. As with any open-ended piece of work, some flexibility in the marking scheme is
usually required, to take account of each student’s approach. Remember, there is no hard and fast rule about
the relative importance of different sections for different experiments, so the marks in the table below are just
a typical breakdown for a typical experiment.
A typical length would be 7 to 10 pages for the main body of the report.
Section of Report Typical mark
Date, title and general presentation and organisation of the report. ~5 marks
Abstract - This should be three or four sentences, summarising what you did, how you did it, what
the results (and uncertainties) were and what your conclusions were. In practice, you will write this ~5 marks
last, so leave about half a page at the beginning of your write-up in which to put an abstract later.
Apparatus - List the apparatus with a diagram where necessary. Describe in particular anything ~10 marks
different or additional to that in the script.
Introduction/Method/Procedure - Explain very briefly what the experiment is about. Record what ~10 marks
you did - particularly if it differs from the script. Include problems and disasters.
Measurements and Graphs of Raw measurements - Record all raw measurements (good, bad or
indifferent) as and when you obtained them. If the raw data or calculations are voluminous, they ~20 mark
could be summarised here and included in their entirety in an appendix. It is often worthwhile to
plot a graph of your measurements as you go. This can save time since it indicates quickly if you need
to repeat readings or if you need more.
Calculations and error estimates - Describe the calculations or other processing of your results.
Explain what equations you used and include a sample calculation, even if you use a spreadsheet ~10 marks
programme to carry out the calculations. Discuss the sources of error in your measurements and use
these to estimate the uncertainties (or experimental error) on your final results. Include any graphs
used in your analysis.
Results and Discussion - Discuss the interpretation of your results. The questions in the experimental
script usually lead you through what is required, so you should record your responses to these ~25 marks
questions as you come to them. Clearly state your results with estimated errors and units. This is
where you should compare your results with accepted values from reference books or other sources.
Conclusion and bibliography - Write a conclusion drawing the results together, discussing their
physical implications, the validity of the theory and the methods, and scope for improvement of the ~15 marks
experiment. Remember to list the books, articles or web pages that you used for reference in a
bibliography at the end.
Appendix - Most reports will not require appendix as tables of data, calculations and graphs of
results should normally be included in the main body of the report to create a coherent whole. Only
relegate large volumes of data to the appendix if absolutely necessary. N/A
Don’t forget to go back and write the abstract.