The article analyzes the potential cost savings from prohibiting smoking in subsidized housing in the US. It estimates this could save $496.82 million annually, including $310.48 million in reduced healthcare costs from less secondhand smoke exposure. While the solution considers multiple disciplines, it may not fully account for existing health issues from prior exposure. Additionally, public opinion in the US strongly favors personal choice to smoke, which could challenge implementation of new smoking bans.
Este documento lista lugares y actividades en Perú y Brasil, incluyendo ciudades como Trujillo, Lima, Cusco, Salvador y Bahia; sitios turísticos como Machu Picchu, Parque de las Leyendas y Praia do Forte; y otras experiencias como visitas a museos, paseos por la playa e instituciones educativas.
1. Oral care is important for long term care residents to maintain comfort, dignity and quality of life as 95% need assistance and many have medical issues like dementia, dysphagia, or dry mouth.
2. Proper supplies and techniques are needed to safely provide oral care like using washcloths to remove debris before brushing and not using toothpaste if a resident can't spit.
3. Challenging behaviors during oral care can be addressed through distraction, reassurance, and involving family or medical staff if needed for a resident's safety and compliance.
10 tips para seleccionar una nube (por Paco Cuevas)Web Studios
Charla presentada durante el evento Software Guru Virtual (Abril 6, 2011) donde Paco Cuevas nos plantea una serie de tips para tomar una decisión documentada sobre alguno de los principales jugadores de Cloud Computing.
@pacocuevas
Aunque la definición de licantropía se refiera sólo al cambio en la forma del hombre a lobo, el término a menudo es usado clínicamente para referirse al cambio en cualquier forma animal. La licantropía clínica está bien descrita como una rara condición psiquiátrica en la que el paciente cree que es posible su transformación anatómica en un animal.
Seat celebra su 60 aniversario con una presentación que resume sus logros y modelos clave por década, comenzando con los años 50 y 60 cuando se establecieron como marca, continuando con los exitosos años 70 y 80, y concluyendo con los nuevos diseños y tecnologías de los años 90 y el nuevo milenio.
Este documento lista lugares y actividades en Perú y Brasil, incluyendo ciudades como Trujillo, Lima, Cusco, Salvador y Bahia; sitios turísticos como Machu Picchu, Parque de las Leyendas y Praia do Forte; y otras experiencias como visitas a museos, paseos por la playa e instituciones educativas.
1. Oral care is important for long term care residents to maintain comfort, dignity and quality of life as 95% need assistance and many have medical issues like dementia, dysphagia, or dry mouth.
2. Proper supplies and techniques are needed to safely provide oral care like using washcloths to remove debris before brushing and not using toothpaste if a resident can't spit.
3. Challenging behaviors during oral care can be addressed through distraction, reassurance, and involving family or medical staff if needed for a resident's safety and compliance.
10 tips para seleccionar una nube (por Paco Cuevas)Web Studios
Charla presentada durante el evento Software Guru Virtual (Abril 6, 2011) donde Paco Cuevas nos plantea una serie de tips para tomar una decisión documentada sobre alguno de los principales jugadores de Cloud Computing.
@pacocuevas
Aunque la definición de licantropía se refiera sólo al cambio en la forma del hombre a lobo, el término a menudo es usado clínicamente para referirse al cambio en cualquier forma animal. La licantropía clínica está bien descrita como una rara condición psiquiátrica en la que el paciente cree que es posible su transformación anatómica en un animal.
Seat celebra su 60 aniversario con una presentación que resume sus logros y modelos clave por década, comenzando con los años 50 y 60 cuando se establecieron como marca, continuando con los exitosos años 70 y 80, y concluyendo con los nuevos diseños y tecnologías de los años 90 y el nuevo milenio.
This document provides an overview of entrepreneurship, franchising, jobs, and the differences between starting a business and purchasing a franchise. It discusses what will be covered, including definitions of entrepreneurship, franchising, and jobs. Statistics are presented showing franchises have over a 90% success rate while independent businesses have under a 20% success rate after 7 years. Advantages of franchising are outlined such as brand recognition, training and support, and lower risk compared to starting a business. The document concludes by discussing the future growth of franchising.
Context audience understanding for ma textile designLes Bicknell
The document discusses different contexts that can frame an audience's or maker's understanding of a work. These contexts include social context, political context, personal context, critical/theoretical context, historical context, geographical context, institutional context, and cultural context. It also discusses how the systems and structures through which a work is presented, such as museums, galleries, hanging methods, and new media can further contextualize the audience's understanding.
In this file, you can ref interview skills tips with interview questions & answers, other interview skills tips materials such as: interview thank you letters, types of interview questions
The document discusses the creation of an online community called GovLoop to connect government employees from different agencies and levels of government to share best practices and collaborate. It notes that millions of government employees work on similar issues but lack a safe place to connect. GovLoop was created in 2008 to serve as a hub for conversations and help solve problems across government more efficiently. It has grown rapidly since then and now has over 40,000 members from federal, state, and local government agencies.
In this file, you can ref interview skills and tips with interview questions & answers, other interview skills and tips materials such as: interview thank you letters, types of interview questions
Public Health, Politics, and the Creation of Meaning: A Public Health of Cons...Jim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
"The creation of meaning may be an unfamiliar role for public health, but one whose import comes into sharp relief when we recognize the inevitability of the political at the heart of what we do."
Editorial: Evidence based policy or policy based evidence? by Michael MarmotJim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
A simple prescription would be to review the scientific evidence of what would make a difference, formulate policies, and implement them—evidence based policy making. Unfor- tunately this simple prescription, applied to real life, is simplistic. The relation between science and policy is more complicated. Scientific findings do not fall on blank minds that get made up as a result. Science engages with busy minds that have strong views about how things are and ought to be.
Efficacy of Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) to Aid Cigarette Sm.docxtoltonkendal
Efficacy of Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) to Aid Cigarette Smoking Cessation amongst Adults in United Kingdom
Introduction
Tobacco smoking is a major contributor to many serious diseases that eventually lead to death in the United Kingdom (UK). According to Office of National Statistics (ONS) (2017), 7.4 million of United Kingdom’s population are smokers and 19.7 percent of these smokers are adult with age-range of 25 to 34 years. Tobacco cigarettes contain nicotine. Nicotine changes the balance of two chemicals namely noreadrenaline and dopamine which are found in human the brain. The sudden change on the levels of these chemicals after inhalation may result in changes in mood which could result in reduction of stress, anxiety and increase in pleasure (National Health Service (NHS), 2018a). Transmission of nicotine by inhalation of tobacco is the fastest way of distributing nicotine into the bloodstream according to Action on Smoking and Health (ASH) (2019). Therefore, these facts indicate that smoking cigarettes could be profoundly addictive due to the rapid delivery of the desired effects to its users without taking into consideration any adverse effects on the human body and health.
Cigarette smoking harms human health; and stopping has proven hard to do alone. According to Health and Social Care Information Centre (HSCIC) (2017), in 2017 there were 146,234 people who started to try to quit smoking, only 49 percent successfully managed to stay away from using cigarretes and 33 percent of the individuals who successfully managed to stop smoking utilised licensed nicotine containing products. The government came up with tobacco control plan for England to assist its people to stop smoking; the elements of the plan include making tobacco more expensive, restraining tobacco related publicity, efficient control of tobacco products, developing alertness on harm caused by smoking and lowering the instance to be exposed to second-hand smoke (Public Health England, 2015).
Smoking cessation services and interventions are being offered by the NHS. Affirmed by National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) (2019), there are few evidenced-based interventions for smoking available in the UK for adults which include behavioural support, bupropion, nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), varenicline and very brief advices (VBA). These interventions are available to individuals who seek help through their general practitioner and to those who are being referred to health professionals for assistance; some of the interventions are combined to be able to achieve the desired goal which is to ultimately forgo smoking tobacco.
This paper will discuss the different kinds of NRT available for adults in the United Kingdom. Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) includes few ways to supplement smoking. It helps to fight the urge to consume or inhale tobacco and also to reduce the effects of withdrawal. In addition, it will help individuals to slowly redu.
This document discusses how leisure education can be used as a tobacco control tool. It notes that tobacco causes significant death and disease globally. While legal, tobacco undermines health when used as intended. The document explores how leisure interacts with tobacco use through themes on product packaging, sponsorship of events, and debates around smoking in public places. It argues that leisure education during formative years can promote healthy attitudes and activities to prevent smoking initiation or help with quit attempts. Interventions addressing individual, social and cultural factors can reduce substance abuse. The document examines how recreation therapy principles like intrinsic motivation and mastery can support tobacco control efforts through leisure-based education and alternatives to smoking.
This document provides an overview of entrepreneurship, franchising, jobs, and the differences between starting a business and purchasing a franchise. It discusses what will be covered, including definitions of entrepreneurship, franchising, and jobs. Statistics are presented showing franchises have over a 90% success rate while independent businesses have under a 20% success rate after 7 years. Advantages of franchising are outlined such as brand recognition, training and support, and lower risk compared to starting a business. The document concludes by discussing the future growth of franchising.
Context audience understanding for ma textile designLes Bicknell
The document discusses different contexts that can frame an audience's or maker's understanding of a work. These contexts include social context, political context, personal context, critical/theoretical context, historical context, geographical context, institutional context, and cultural context. It also discusses how the systems and structures through which a work is presented, such as museums, galleries, hanging methods, and new media can further contextualize the audience's understanding.
In this file, you can ref interview skills tips with interview questions & answers, other interview skills tips materials such as: interview thank you letters, types of interview questions
The document discusses the creation of an online community called GovLoop to connect government employees from different agencies and levels of government to share best practices and collaborate. It notes that millions of government employees work on similar issues but lack a safe place to connect. GovLoop was created in 2008 to serve as a hub for conversations and help solve problems across government more efficiently. It has grown rapidly since then and now has over 40,000 members from federal, state, and local government agencies.
In this file, you can ref interview skills and tips with interview questions & answers, other interview skills and tips materials such as: interview thank you letters, types of interview questions
Public Health, Politics, and the Creation of Meaning: A Public Health of Cons...Jim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
"The creation of meaning may be an unfamiliar role for public health, but one whose import comes into sharp relief when we recognize the inevitability of the political at the heart of what we do."
Editorial: Evidence based policy or policy based evidence? by Michael MarmotJim Bloyd, DrPH, MPH
A simple prescription would be to review the scientific evidence of what would make a difference, formulate policies, and implement them—evidence based policy making. Unfor- tunately this simple prescription, applied to real life, is simplistic. The relation between science and policy is more complicated. Scientific findings do not fall on blank minds that get made up as a result. Science engages with busy minds that have strong views about how things are and ought to be.
Efficacy of Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) to Aid Cigarette Sm.docxtoltonkendal
Efficacy of Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) to Aid Cigarette Smoking Cessation amongst Adults in United Kingdom
Introduction
Tobacco smoking is a major contributor to many serious diseases that eventually lead to death in the United Kingdom (UK). According to Office of National Statistics (ONS) (2017), 7.4 million of United Kingdom’s population are smokers and 19.7 percent of these smokers are adult with age-range of 25 to 34 years. Tobacco cigarettes contain nicotine. Nicotine changes the balance of two chemicals namely noreadrenaline and dopamine which are found in human the brain. The sudden change on the levels of these chemicals after inhalation may result in changes in mood which could result in reduction of stress, anxiety and increase in pleasure (National Health Service (NHS), 2018a). Transmission of nicotine by inhalation of tobacco is the fastest way of distributing nicotine into the bloodstream according to Action on Smoking and Health (ASH) (2019). Therefore, these facts indicate that smoking cigarettes could be profoundly addictive due to the rapid delivery of the desired effects to its users without taking into consideration any adverse effects on the human body and health.
Cigarette smoking harms human health; and stopping has proven hard to do alone. According to Health and Social Care Information Centre (HSCIC) (2017), in 2017 there were 146,234 people who started to try to quit smoking, only 49 percent successfully managed to stay away from using cigarretes and 33 percent of the individuals who successfully managed to stop smoking utilised licensed nicotine containing products. The government came up with tobacco control plan for England to assist its people to stop smoking; the elements of the plan include making tobacco more expensive, restraining tobacco related publicity, efficient control of tobacco products, developing alertness on harm caused by smoking and lowering the instance to be exposed to second-hand smoke (Public Health England, 2015).
Smoking cessation services and interventions are being offered by the NHS. Affirmed by National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) (2019), there are few evidenced-based interventions for smoking available in the UK for adults which include behavioural support, bupropion, nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), varenicline and very brief advices (VBA). These interventions are available to individuals who seek help through their general practitioner and to those who are being referred to health professionals for assistance; some of the interventions are combined to be able to achieve the desired goal which is to ultimately forgo smoking tobacco.
This paper will discuss the different kinds of NRT available for adults in the United Kingdom. Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) includes few ways to supplement smoking. It helps to fight the urge to consume or inhale tobacco and also to reduce the effects of withdrawal. In addition, it will help individuals to slowly redu.
This document discusses how leisure education can be used as a tobacco control tool. It notes that tobacco causes significant death and disease globally. While legal, tobacco undermines health when used as intended. The document explores how leisure interacts with tobacco use through themes on product packaging, sponsorship of events, and debates around smoking in public places. It argues that leisure education during formative years can promote healthy attitudes and activities to prevent smoking initiation or help with quit attempts. Interventions addressing individual, social and cultural factors can reduce substance abuse. The document examines how recreation therapy principles like intrinsic motivation and mastery can support tobacco control efforts through leisure-based education and alternatives to smoking.
Major tobacco-related-events-in-the-united-statesGeorgi Daskalov
This document provides a summary of major tobacco-related events in the United States from World War II to the 1980s. It outlines key milestones such as the first studies linking smoking to cancer in the 1950s, the 1964 Surgeon General's report that concluded smoking causes disease, restrictions on tobacco advertising and the introduction of warning labels on cigarette packs. It also discusses tobacco industry efforts to downplay health risks and market "safer" cigarettes while nicotine levels increased. The summary covers events that increased public awareness of tobacco's dangers and early policies to regulate tobacco use.
The need for establishing Smoking Zone in public places like CollegeSuraj Ghimire
This is a research proposal on the need of establishing smoking zone in public places. I had prepared it as a project work for the course of Research methodology.
This document discusses population health and strategies for addressing behavioral risk factors through policy interventions. It provides examples of how smoking bans led more people to quit smoking by making it less socially acceptable. The document advocates for prevention-focused policies and programs to address risky behaviors at a population level in order to reduce healthcare costs. Effective programs require considering how to influence behaviors at both individual and societal levels. Interventions could target behaviors at downstream, midstream, and upstream levels using a population-based model to have the best chance of success.
GEN 499Ronald’s PostIdentify the global societal issue you ha.docxshericehewat
GEN 499
Ronald’s Post:
Identify the global societal issue you have chosen to research for your Final Paper, an argumentative essay, and explain why further research on this topic is important.
The global societal issue I have chosen to research for my final paper is Climate change. Further research is needed because many things can cause change to the climate, which is why it is essential to choose a subtopic of climate change. The subtopic that I have chosen is the oil industry’s problem between profits and CO2 emissions. The oil industry is trying to meet demand but also causing change to the climate through emissions. More research is needed to develop points and evidence, which are needed for both sides of the argument. Research is also necessary to create a possible solution.
Provide a clear and concise thesis statement that includes a solution to the global societal issue (see Writing a Thesis Statement (Links to an external site.) for assistance).
Carbon Dioxide emissions emitted by oil companies contribute to climate change, and a possible solution is providing oil companies bonuses or tax exemptions for exceeding emission regulations.
Explain how this global societal issue impacts a specific population.
The global societal issue of climate change impacts the entire world population. There are oil and natural gas companies all around the world meeting the growing demand of oil and gas. There is not one specific population that this global issue impacts.
Locate a peer-reviewed scholarly source and provide statistical data that you found surprising on the topic.
In the scholarly source, Krauss (2019) states, "Chevron and Occidental, which have each taken seats on Carbon Engineering's board, refused to disclose their investments. The company says it raised a total of $68 million in its most recent funding round to expand the pilot and develop its first commercial plant" (pg. 1). That is a lot of money, but to those companies, it is just a drop in the bucket, but that isn't what is most surprising. Most surprising is that there is no product, machine, or process outside of testing mode that works. What is Chevron (who is one of the leading oil companies) doing with the money invested since it has not found a way to remove carbon from the climate? There were no numbers to put with the dollar amount of what they were going to do by a certain time. I find that very surprising and a bit intriguing. It has nothing to do with availability or how possible it is to reduce emissions but a matter of who will do it. According to Krauss (2019), "A few companies, including Royal Dutch Shell and BP, are linking compensation to emissions reductions" (pg. 1). Even countries that are not as big of producers as chevron and other companies are doing what they can to increase spending to have clean energy. Krauss (2019) states, “Equinor, the Norwegian oil company, plans to increase spending on clean energy to 15 to 20 percent of it ...
Final Paper Proposal Instructions-(Social media in sports)Before yalisondakintxt
Final Paper Proposal Instructions-(Social media in sports)
Before you can submit the final paper, you will first need to submit a Final Paper Proposal to your professor.
Important: The Final Paper Proposal is mandatory and must be submitted and approved before you begin writing your course paper. Failure to have an approved proposal prior to submitting your paper will result in a failing grade for the course paper.
Your proposal should include the following:
· Academy Title Page: An example of the title page can be located in the resources document sharing folder
· Paper Topic: This is the problem statement or the specific area to be investigated.
· Introduction to the Topic: This explains the reason you are investigating this area for your paper and summarizes what the research says about this area (i.e., is there conflicting research?).
· Brief Outline: The outline should include an explanation or plan of how you intend to organize your paper. A topical outline of headings and subheadings is strongly encouraged.
· References: Your submitted reference listings must include no less than 3 scholarly publications. All sources identified in your reference list must be presented in the appropriate American Psychological Association (APA) format.
After your Final Paper Proposal has been approved by your instructor, you can write and submit your Final Paper.
Your Final Paper must be ~15-20 pages in length formatted following APA Style guidelines. It must be double-spaced, 12-point Times New Roman and include an Academy Title Page, Table of Contents, and Reference Page. There are examples of both the Title Page and Table of Contents in the Resources link under the Welcome to the Course module. A running head is not required.
Make sure to follow the content organization you created in your Final Paper Proposal.
It is very important to follow proper APA guidelines for citations and references. Refer to your APA Publication Manual for the correct format.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Alternative projections of mortality and disability by cause 1990-2020: Glob...
Christopher J L Murray; Alan D Lopez
The Lancet; May 24, 1997; 349, 9064; Health & Medical Complete
pg. 1498
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Commentaries
The Global Burden of Mental Disorders
T Bedirhan Ustiin ...
This document provides an overview of evidence-based strategies for preventing opioid overdose that are working in the United States. It begins with an introduction describing the purpose and creation of the document. It then outlines four guiding principles for effective overdose prevention strategies: 1) Know your epidemic and response; 2) Make collaboration your strategy; 3) Nothing about us without us; and 4) Meet people where they are. The document concludes by describing nine evidence-based strategies for preventing overdose, with the first being targeted naloxone distribution. Targeted naloxone distribution programs equip individuals at high risk of witnessing an overdose, such as people who use drugs and first responders, with naloxone kits to
Should Smoking Be Banned? - GCSE English - Marked by Teachers.com. Should Cigarette Smoking Be Banned Essay Example - PHDessay.com. Smoking Should be Banned in all Public Places Free Essay Example. Should Smoking be Banned in Public Places Free Essay Example. Why should smoking be banned? - GCSE English - Marked by Teachers.com. Smoking should be banned in all public places - GCSE English - Marked .... Read «Should Cigarette Smoking Be Banned» Essay Sample for Free at .... Should smoking be banned in public places? - GCSE English - Marked by .... Should Cigarette Smoking be Banned Essay Example | Topics and Well .... Cigarettes Should be Illegal – Argumentative Essay by digiprom21 - Issuu. Smoking Should Be Banned Essay In English || Essay on Smoking Should Be .... Conclusion of smoking essay. Smoking Essay. 2022-11-12. Beautiful Persuasive Essay About Smoking ~ Thatsnotus. Why smoking should be banned throughout the UK - GCSE English - Marked .... Why the smoking ban shouldnt be revoked - GCSE English - Marked by .... Exceptional Should Cigarette Smoking Be Banned Essay ~ Thatsnotus. Should Cigarette Smoking Be Banned Essay – Telegraph.
This document provides an overview and summary of the 1985 Report on Smoking and Health. It discusses the development and organization of the 1985 report, including that it was prepared by 100 scientists and extensively peer reviewed. It also provides historical context on the study of smoking and occupational health, noting some of the early observations and studies linking these factors to cancer and lung disease. The overview explains that cigarette smoking and certain occupational exposures are known causes of lung cancer and chronic lung disease, and that their combination can interact and result in more severe effects than either cause individually.
Preliminary program of ISPOR Boston 2017Bruno Vayssié
This document provides information about the upcoming ISPOR Boston conference on health economics and outcomes research (HEOR). Some key points:
- The conference will be held from May 20-24, 2017 in Boston, MA and is expected to attract nearly 3,800 attendees from over 80 countries.
- It will feature over 1,850 presentations on topics related to HEOR including modeling, economic evaluation, patient preferences, real-world evidence, and health policy decision making.
- Plenary sessions will address pressing issues in US health policy, using social networks to impact population health, and the need for randomized controlled trials.
- Pre-meeting short courses and educational symposia are also offered to enhance
This document summarizes a study examining the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and the presence, introduction, and retention of smoke-free policies in homes, worksites, bars, and restaurants. The study used data from the International Tobacco Control Four Country Survey, which included over 8,000 smokers from Canada, the US, the UK, and Australia at Wave 5 and nearly 6,000 of those respondents at Wave 6. The results showed that smokers with high SES had increased odds of having and introducing a total smoking ban in the home compared to low SES smokers. High SES smokers also had decreased odds of removing a home smoking ban. No consistent association was found between SES and smoke-free policies in works
Law and Ethics in COVID-19 PandemicStudent’s.docxmanningchassidy
Law and Ethics in COVID-19 Pandemic
Student’s Name
Running Head: LAW AND ETHICS IN COVID-19 PANDEMIC 1
Institutional Affiliation
Health Care Ethics and Covid-19
Previous Resource Allocation Ethics
Different ethical frameworks allocate resources during pandemics (Hübner et al., 2020). These frameworks are useful in guiding the present health situation of COVID-19. However, the application of ethical frameworks should take into consideration the pandemic stage, health care resource type, and context of the health care system. Should the allocating resources for COVID -19 utilize previous frameworks for control of influenza pandemics is an ethical question that needs clarification? The reason for exploring the application of ethical principles and allocation of resources in COVID-19 is due to the various contextual circumstances and decisions required in resource allocation for different pandemics. For instance, COVID-19 is known to have significant implications on those aged beyond sixty years, an essential characteristic for prioritizing the COVID-19 resource allocation.
The legal framework governing resource allocation in COVID-19 includes the obligation of hospitals in the provision of health care to everyone needing their services, which is dependent on illness severity (DePergola, 2020). For instance, the NRW, section two of the hospital design act, stipulates the health care worker's obligation in the treatment of patients. Additionally, hospitals are also under the obligation to complete treatment on their patients following the obligation contract for monopolistic positions on individual case circumstances. Also, according to section 7 of MBO-A, individual doctors are legally obligated to treat ill individuals during emergencies.
Ethics of Random Allocation
LAW AND ETHICS IN COVID-19 PANDEMIC 5
The ethical and legal considerations for medical countermeasures consisting of personal protective equipment and therapeutics may be different. Therefore exploring the different values
and principles that apply for PPE, vaccines, and therapeutics should help in justifying their use in the control of the COVID -19 pandemic (Hübner et al., 2020). For instance, the discovery of an effective and safe vaccine should prioritize its application within populations at the highest risk and health care workers. The ethical question that needs clarification is whether utilization of random allocation is justified with limited medical resources in a given group assuming the recipients receive equal benefits within that group. However, the allocation of resources may be different from the use of ventilators, with some individuals receiving more benefits than others.
In circumstances where the needs of patients affected with Covid-19 exceeds that of the available scarce resources, conflict of duty, and emergency is justified (DePergola, 2020). For instance, with the spread of COVID-19 in many countries, the intens.
Of all the ways to influence health policy, using research to info.docxcherishwinsland
Of all the ways to influence health policy, using research to inform change has the dual appeal of sounding both straightforward and rigorous. However, reality intrudes in many forms to disrupt the otherwise common-sense connection between what we know, what we consider as policy and what we are doing. Different languages (academic versus political), disparate timeframes (deliberate versus opportunistic), and contrasting priorities (most rigorous versus good enough) often make translating research into policy an exercise in frustration. Just as basic scientists and clinical researchers grapple with the challenge of bringing innovations from bench to bedside, health services researchers must wrestle to make their work most relevant to policy realities in communities near and far.
Yet, this is a worthy—and potentially rewarding—pursuit. Evidence for such a claim is reflected in this supplement, which includes an array of approaches to bridging the gap between research and policy taken by current scholars and alumni of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Clinical Scholars program (RWJFCSP). Traditionally focused on training physicians in rigorous methods in biostatistics, clinical epidemiology, and health services research, as well as in other fields such as social sciences, the RWJFCSP has purposefully shifted over the past decade to emphasize the value of actionable research. Whether partnering with community members to conduct participatory research, or with policy makers to ensure that timely and relevant questions are being addressed, scholars are encouraged to consider how the results of their research will lead to short-term change and long-term progress. These research efforts encompass a broad variety of research methods, including qualitative and quantitative approaches, local and national data, and cutting-edge work involving community-based participatory research, multi-level hierarchical analyses, and dynamic multi-state modeling.
Given its leadership in the realm of research and policy, the RWJFCSP is the source of the lead or senior authors of all of the articles in this volume; the authors are either current scholars or alumni of the program. Of note, these articles do not reflect the entire sum of policy-relevant research conducted by RWJFCSP-connected investigators. Rather, these articles comprise a fraction of those submitted for inclusion in this supplement, and policy-relevant research by these authors and others with connections to the RWJFCSP appear in other journals as well.
The authors addressed important barriers to bridging the gap between research and policy. First, new evidence informs policy if it makes it into the hands of individuals who have a stake in what the data is measuring, and who are engaged in acting on the findings. Even the most rigorously conducted, widely cited manuscripts will have only marginal impact unless brought to life by potential change agents. Second, the evidence being generated may not be .
This document discusses progress toward ending the tobacco epidemic in the United States. It outlines key challenges like the health burden of tobacco use and industry marketing. It also highlights recent legislative actions that provide tools to reduce tobacco use, like increasing cigarette taxes, granting FDA regulatory authority, and expanding insurance coverage for cessation services. The document presents an HHS strategic plan to achieve Healthy People 2020 tobacco control objectives through actions like coordinating federal efforts, supporting state programs, changing social norms, and advancing research.
1 Unit 5 Assignment Local, National, and G.docxaryan532920
1
Unit 5 Assignment:
Local, National, and Global Public Health Approaches
Unit Outcomes addressed in this Assignment:
• Design strategies for continuous quality improvement in public health.
• Identify strategies for promoting health equity.
Course Outcomes assessed in this Assignment:
PU500-4: Describe how public health practice addresses health concerns locally,
nationally, and globally.
Introduction:
This Assignment builds upon your work started in the Unit 3 Looking Ahead. In the Unit 5
Assignment, you will:
● Describe how public health practice addresses health concerns locally, nationally,
and globally.
● Leverage policies and laws to address public health issues.
● Apply the strategic planning process to resolve a health problem.
To reach these learning goals, this Assignment guides you through the completion of two
critical parts of this project:
● Part 1 - SWOT Analysis
● Part 2 - Evaluation of strategic planning process and related policies/laws
You will finalize both sections of your Unit 5 Assignment and submit as one document to the
Dropbox for grading.
2
Instructions:
Part 1 - SWOT Analysis:
Using the table below, you will apply strategic planning techniques to evaluate selected
local, national, and global health issues. You identified these issues in the Unit 3 Looking
Ahead. You will expand your analysis of the policies and laws by conducting a SWOT
analysis.
● First column: Please use the “Level & Issue” column to note a brief overview of the
issue at the particular level.
● Second column: This column does not need editing, as it organizes the rest of the
chart by SWOT element.
● Third column: You should list at least three items per SWOT component for each
level--one sentence per item will suffice.
● Fourth column: You will integrate the Unit 3 Looking Ahead coursework into this
column.
● Fifth column: Notate your sources in this column.
Level & Issue SWOT SWOT
Components
Related
Health
Policy/Law
Citation(s)
Local Level: [Insert 1-
2 sentence summary of
health issue here]
Strengths ● Item 1
● Item 2
● Item 3
Weaknesses ● Item 1
● Item 2
● Item 3
Opportunities ● Item 1
● Item 2
● Item 3
3
Threats ● Item 1
● Item 2
● Item 3
National Level: [Insert
1-2 sentence summary
of health issue here]
Strengths ● Item 1
● Item 2
● Item 3
Weaknesses ● Item 1
● Item 2
● Item 3
Opportunities ● Item 1
● Item 2
● Item 3
Threats ● Item 1
● Item 2
● Item 3
Global Level: [Insert 1-
2 sentence summary of
health issue here]
Strengths ● Item 1
● Item 2
● Item 3
Weaknesses ● Item 1
● Item 2
● Item 3
Opportunities ● Item 1
● Item 2
● Item 3
Threats ● Item 1
● Item 2
● Item 3
4
Part 2 - Strategic Planning:
You will gather your notes for each SWOT analysis and present a “Discussion” section in
which you describe how public health practi ...
Ch. 1 Identifying the VulnerableLearning ObjectivesAfter rea.docxcravennichole326
Ch. 1 Identifying the Vulnerable
Learning Objectives
After reading this chapter, you should be able to:
Explain the concept of vulnerable populations.
Discuss how the theories of common good and individual rights contribute to the creation of public policy in health care.
Determine how the concept of resource availability relates to one's health.
Examine the aggregate statistical data on the number and growth of identified vulnerable populations.
Identify the vulnerable populations in the United States.
Introduction
Two women enter the hospital with pneumonia. They are similar in age, but of different races. One patient has private health insurance; the other is on Medicaid. One patient recovers quickly while the other languishes. What can be surmised from the differences in the two patients? Thinking on this and asking the right questions allows health care providers to create patient care plans that better meet each patient's needs. Providing better health care to all patients requires awareness of environmental factors that may prohibit timely recovery and put the patient at risk for secondary and repeat infections.
Environmental factors such as finances, family, and education all affect a person's vulnerability, or risk level. Understanding statistical data on vulnerable populations will help you interpret patient information. This allows easier identification of those who are at risk, so that providers may plan care accordingly. Addressing the needs of at-risk populations leads to faster patient recovery, thereby lowering the cost of patient care.
Lowering health care costs is important for the patient, the care provider, and the whole country. Nonprofit organizations and government agencies work to identify and help at-risk groups. This activity affects both government and organizational policy among health care providers.
This text investigates the statistical data and indicators of vulnerable populations in American health care. It also covers the causes of vulnerability and the prevailing ideologies on dealing with at-risk populations. We will also discuss what is currently being done through policymaking and program implementation to address the needs of vulnerable populations and what the future looks like for at-risk groups. This chapter focuses on identifying vulnerable populations. The relationship between resource availability and health is an important part of recognizing at-risk groups. Finally, we will look at statistical data concerning the at-risk groups identified in the book.
Critical Thinking
The text states, "Addressing the needs of at-risk populations leads to faster patient recovery, thereby lowering the cost of patient care." How does addressing the needs of at-risk populations lead to faster patient recovery?
1.1 Social Theory and Public Policy in Health Care
Courtesy of iStockphoto/Thinkstock
Prohibiting smoking in public places exemplifies the social theory of the common good, bec ...
Ch. 1 Identifying the VulnerableLearning ObjectivesAfter rea.docx
UCF IDS 3933 Final Project
1. A Critical Review of an
Interdisciplinary Solution
Authored by: Samantha Cochran
An analytical review of the article “National and State Cost Savings Associated With
Prohibiting Smoking in Subsidized and Public Housing in the United States” by Brian A.
King, PhD, MPH; Richard M. Peck, PhD; and Stephen D. Babb, MPH.
November 30, 2014
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Introduction
The Problem
The effects of tobacco on the body have been studied extensively by independent
and government scientists. The CDC has defined secondhand smoke as any smoke from a
burning tobacco product or any smoke that has been exhaled by a person smoking a
tobacco product (2)(6). Smoking is estimated to cause 440,000 deaths per year in the US
(3). Secondhand smoke is estimated to cause 7,330 deaths from lung cancer and 33,950
deaths from heart disease among US adult nonsmokers (1). A separate source from the CDC
states that since 1964, 2.5 million nonsmokers have died from the effects of secondhand
smoke (2). In the article, “National and State Cost Savings Associated With Prohibiting
Smoking in Subsidized and Public Housing in the United States,” the authors cite the US
Surgeon General’s assessment that there is no risk-free level of secondhand smoke
exposure (1)(6). A separate study concluded the overall cost of health care and premature
loss of life attributed to secondhand smoke for the US was estimated to be $53.9 million in
2000(7). In the US, smoking tobacco products is legal, and thus the personal choice of
smokers. However, this choice does not only affect the smoker, but rather affects the people
around the secondhand smoke the smoker produces.
In the US there have been measures undertaken to reduce the public presence of
secondhand smoke, such as prohibiting smoking in all indoor public places and worksites
(1). However, these measures have not extended into the homes of smokers. The article,
“National and State Cost Savings Associated With Prohibiting Smoking in Subsidized and
Public Housing in the United States” has identified a portion of the American people that
are at risk of developing health problems from exposure to secondhand smoke. The article
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states that people in multiunit housing are particularly vulnerable to secondhand smoke
because the smoke can permeate into adjacent units of non-smokers (1). These multiunit
houses will be the focus of the potential first step towards reducing the cost of secondhand
smoke in America.
The Solution
In America, there are approximately 80 million multiunit housing residents that could
be at an increased risk of secondhand smoke exposure. Of the 80 million residents of
multiunit housing, 7 million live in subsidized or public housing (1)(7). The article by King,
Peck, and Babb states a possible first step towards reducing the health impact of
secondhand smoke. By prohibiting smoking in subsidized housing, the authors propose “an
annual cost savings of $496.82 million (range, $258.96–$843.50 million), including $310.48
million ($154.14–$552.34 million) in secondhand smoke-related health care, $133.77
million ($75.24–$209.01 million) in renovation expenses, and $52.57 million ($29.57–
$82.15 million) in smoking-attributable fire losses (1).” Statistical analysis instructs that if
the range includes the number “0”, the results are not statistically significant. Because the
range includes only positive numbers, the results are statistically significant and provide a
numerical representation of the cost benefit of prohibiting smoking in subsidized housing.
Research
Key Aspects of Article
The article by King, Peck, and Babb considers the topic of implementing a "smoke-
free" environment in subsidized and public housing for both a cost and health benefit using
an interdisciplinary approach. The threats of second hand smoke and national debt seem
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unrelated, but the authors believe they can be tackled together with an interdisciplinary
approach. Through analytical research of data collected on smoke-related costs, the article
determines correlation between allowing smoking in subsidized housing and $496.82
million (range, $258.96–$843.50 million) in economic impact on the US. The authors Brian
A. King, PhD, MPH; Richard M. Peck, PhD; and Stephen D. Babb, MPH are all highly educated
key thinkers in their field.
The authors make the assumption that the impact of secondhand smoke-related
healthcare costs could be reduced with the decrease in secondhand smoke exposure. This,
however, would not immediately reduce all of the secondhand smoke-related health costs
of the people currently exposed in multiunit subsidized housing. There are already health
problems in the people exposed that will cause them to need health care throughout their
lives, thus reducing the initial impact of their solution. The authors do try to limit the
assumptions made in order to reduce the bias and error of their study.
Key Elements of Interdisciplinary Research
Augsburg states that an interdisciplinary approach must include a broad interest
and competence in one’s field (4). The authors displays competency in their respective
fields and uses their information to create a solution that covers a broad selection of
disciplines. Although the authors include multiple disciplines in their approach, Augsburg
defines interdisciplinary as, “combining or involving two or more disciplines or fields of
study (4).” To be truly interdisciplinary, one must successfully combine the discipline, not
just refer to them separately.
Identifying the key elements of interdisciplinary research as stated by Augsburg in
Becoming Interdisciplinary provides a framework for which to analyze an article’s
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interdisciplinary approach. A few of the most important items to identify are the discipline
subject matter, research method, and key concept (4). The value of identifying these
characteristics allows the reader to justify the interdisciplinarity of the article. Multiple
disciplines must be identified by the author and successfully integrated into a cohesive
argument for change.
Disciplines in Article Conclusion
These sources of this article come from multiple disciplines, including economic
policy, statistical analysis, physics, public policy, behavioral studies, architecture,
economics, housing and urban development, and medicine. Each discipline plays an
integral role in determining the factors that affect the possibly solution presented in the
article. The authors integrate the statistical analysis and economic impacts to determine
the quality of their potential results. While determining the fields the solution would affect,
and the fields that are involved in the problem itself, they include fire safety, architecture,
air flow, air quality, and medicine. To determine a solution, they bridge the disciplines of
public policy, behavioral studies, and economic policy. Each step of their research and
conclusions has a specific set of disciplines that combine to form their integrated approach
to a complex problem facing America. Additional disciplines could be considered as the
solution is carried out, such as communication (to enact the plans) and law (to successfully
write the federal documents that would enact the new policy).
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Discussion
Integrity of Sources in the Article
In the article, “National and State Cost Savings Associated With Prohibiting Smoking
in Subsidized and Public Housing in the United States,” the author uses thirty sources for
supporting his thesis. These sources come from multiple areas of study, including economic
policy and impact of smoking on Americans, the CDC analysis of health impact of smoking,
air quality studies on secondhand smoke transfer in multiunit housing, public policy of
non-smoking in public housing, behavioral studies of tenants, home structure fire analysis,
the economic impact of fire in the US, housing and urban development, analysis of human
activity patterns, and medical research of smoking and treatments (1). These varied
sources, combined with the reputable nature of the sources, give the article’s research
integrity and value.
Rebuttal
Despite the overall validity of the article’s findings, there is another perspective that
could influence how the findings are carried out. The American people are strongly against
the illegalization of smoking. When asked if smoking should be made totally illegal, 79%
said “no” in 2014. However, 56% said “yes” to the question of whether smoking should be
made illegal in public places (5). While American support still favors the idea of smoking
being permitted, it will be hard to implement new policies of smoking bans.
Additionally, it is important to mention that, as the author of this paper, I am subject to my
history, allowing for bias. While my mother was pregnant with my brother and myself she
decided to continue smoking. Her choice caused my brother to be born with Asthma and
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me to be born with an allergy to smoke. Every time I inhale smoke I become dizzy,
nauseous, and find it difficult to breathe. I live in an apartment unit that is frequently
permeated by tobacco and cannabis smoke from neighbors. Their blatant disrespect for the
health of others forces me to be exposed to secondhand smoke daily, despite choosing to
inhabit a smoke-free household. The topic of reducing secondhand smoke exposure to
people who choose to live smoke-free is important to me, but also makes me biased. My
bias could have an effect on my position taken throughout this analysis. However, I
endeavored to use my disciplines of Computational Sciences, Biological Sciences, and
Health Sciences alongside reputable sources and logic to form an impartial analysis of the
research and assertions made by the authors of "National and State Cost Savings Associated
With Prohibiting Smoking in Subsidized and Public Housing in the United States."
Conclusion
Based on the interdisciplinary text we have been reading in this class, I believe the
article’s solution is an interdisciplinary approach. The authors use data and studies from
multiple disciplines to develop their thesis, then further integrate multiple disciplines into
a solution that would require professionals in many different fields to work together. In
order to draft the bill that would make their proposal a reality, people from the fields of
law, medicine, public policy, physics, architecture, behavioral studies, and housing and
urban development would have to work together to determine the best way to successfully
solve the problem established in the article. The US is currently becoming more educated
and health conscious, giving way to a new era where this article could actually have a
chance to become a reality. The people of the US want less health costs and more clean air.
Even the University of Central Florida recognized the trend and went “smoke-free” in 2012.
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With help from multiple disciplines working together, this interdisciplinary approach could
save millions of dollars, and more importantly millions of lives.
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Annotated Bibliography
1. King, Brian A., Richard M. Peck, and Stephen D. Babb. "National and State Cost
Savings Associated With Prohibiting Smoking in Subsidized and Public Housing in
the United States." Preventing Chronic Disease 11.E171 (2014): n. pag. Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention, Oct. 2014. Web. 25 Oct. 2014.
<http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2014/14_0222.htm>.
This article details a potential interdisciplinary approach to alleviating the negative
role smoking plays in the American healthcare system. The article will be analyzed
based on its sources, ideas, assumptions, and interdisciplinarity.
2. "Secondhand Smoke (SHS) Facts." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 11 Apr. 2014. Web. 15 Nov. 2014.
<cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/secondhand_smoke/general_facts/ind
ex.htm?mobile=nocontent>.
This article will be as a sources for reliable information concerning secondhand
smoke and its health impacts on the human body. It is used to define secondhand
smoke and examine the negative effect secondhand smoke has on the human body.
It is published by the Center for Disease Control and cites reliable government and
medical sources.
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3. "Toll of Tobacco in the United States." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Penn State University, 18 Mar. 2009. Web. 17 Nov. 2014.
<http://www.med.upenn.edu/cirna/pdf/USA_Figures.pdf>.
This source is a compilation of facts to verify the validity of the figures presented in
the article I am analyzing. This source provided the data of how many deaths were
recorded concerning smoking as a whole. The article is published by the Penn State
University, with sources from the CDC and SAMHSA. It is a reliable source of data.
4. Augsburg, Tanya. Becoming Interdisciplinary: An Introduction to Interdisciplinary
Studies. Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt Pub., 2006. Print.
This text provided the key aspects of interdisciplinary research. Additionally, it was
used to define the term “interdisciplinary”. It is the text assigned to this class and is
therefore a reliable source of information.
5. Riffkin, Rebecca. "Americans Favor Ban on Smoking in Public, but Not Total Ban."
Americans Favor Ban on Smoking in Public, but Not Total Ban. GALLUP, 30 July
2014. Web. 21 Nov. 2014. <http://www.gallup.com/poll/174203/americans-favor-
ban-smoking-public-not-total-ban.aspx>
This website displays the graphical representation of the polls given to Americans
concerning their opinion on the illegalization of smoking. The source conducted the
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GALLUP poll, which is used by many reputable scholarly journal articles as evidence.
This website is the source of the figures at the end of this paper.
6. "Secondhand Smoke and Cancer." National Institute of Health. National Cancer
Institute, Jan. 2011. Web. 29 Oct. 2014.
<http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Tobacco/ETS>.
This source details a fact sheet about secondhand smoke and its effect on cancer. It
is published by the National Cancer Institute at the National Institute of Health. This
is a credible source of information on public health. The article is an informative list
of facts about secondhand smoke. It is the authority on the effects of secondhand
smoke. This source will provide valuable background knowledge on a main topic in
my analysis of the article I have chosen. It will provide detailed information about
secondhand smoke from the discipline of Biological Health.
7. Zollinger, T. W., R. M. Saywell, Jr., A. D. Overgaard, S. J. Jay, A. M. Holloway, and S. F.
Cummings. "Estimating the Economic Impact of Secondhand Smoke on the Health of
a Community." American Journal of Health Promotion 18.3 (2004): 232-38. National
Center for Biotechnology Information. U.S. National Library of Medicine, Jan. 2004.
Web. 1 Nov. 2014. <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14748313>.
This journal article details an analysis of the economic impact of secondhand smoke
on the health community. It is published in the American Journal of Health
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Promotion, a reliable source of scholarly articles. Additionally, it is electronically
accessible through the U.S. National Library of Medicine. The information provided
supports the main argument in the article I have chosen to analyze. There is use of
statistical analysis and detailed demographic studies. The information is based in
economic analysis from the discipline of Statistics and Public Policy. I will use this
source to support the arguments made in the article I have chosen to analyze.
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Interdisciplinary Statement
While progressing through my degree in Biological Sciences, I realized that my approach to
Public Health had become one-sided and biased. My degree in Interdisciplinary Studies
allowed me the opportunity to learn how to approach problems from multiple
perspectives, integrating all of the pertinent information for a fair and effective solution.
This analysis of a large scale problem with a focus of Interdisciplinary intervention
enlightened me in the true path I want to take in life. Until now, I couldn't verbalize what I
felt I needed to contribute to our society's public health system. I would like to apply my
new tools of analysis to the large scale problems facing the healthcare system in the CDC. I
hope to use this project as a justification of my abilities for admission to Graduate School
and as a basis for my skills. It will allow my future advisors to focus on areas where I need
improvement and help me to become a contribution to the field.