The document discusses the building blocks and narrative elements of TV journalism, including the role of the introduction/lead, video, voiceovers, soundbites, and syncs in telling a story and providing context, perspective, and analysis. It also covers choosing an angle by focusing on a particular subject or theme, research, and determining the key facts of who, what, where, when, why, and how for a news story.

1. TV-journalism, function of
building blocks, angle and focus
International TV-class

2. 2. Today’s lecture
 Role of the narrative elements
 Content of the narrative elements
 Angle and focus
 Ordinary news story

3. Narrative role of the TV-elements
 Intro/lead:
Gives the angle
Gives perspective (why)
Geographical orientation
Actuality (today)
- or tomorrow, - last year
Presentation of conflict
Can also be ”secret”

4. Narrative role of the TV-elements
 Video:
Scenes and sequences
Visual proofs
Illustrations
Presentations (establishing shoots)
Piece to camera (stand up)
Cutaways and noddies.
Actions and re-actions
Syncs/grabs (interview bites)
 Dramatized scenes, Reconstructions
 Archive

5. Narrative role of the TV-elements
 Voice over: (didactic)
perspective
back ground
facts
explanations
analysis
 Voice over: (epic)
gives the story chronology (time and place)
describes actions and feelings

6. Narrative role of the TV-elements
 Syncs:
Opinions
Evaluations
Explanations
Experiences
Feelings
Reactions
Consequences
etc.

7. Narrative role of the TV-elements
 Soundbites:
Fascination
Identification
Feelings
Reactions
Co-operation
Collaboration
etc.
 Real sound: 3rd dimension of picture, authenticity

8. Analytical tool

9. Simplified “Actantial Model”
Goal/Obje
ct/Desire
Helper/ Challenges/
tools/ hindrances/
obstacles
skills
The profile
person

10. Example: Skilled migrants seek work in Germany
Goal:
Job, money,
good life
Helper: Obstacles:
Germany Leave family
need Learn German
workers
subject:
Migrants

11. Example: Skilled migrants seek work in Germany
Goal:
IT Job
Helper: Obstacles:
Germany spanish crisis
Bakery no IT job
job
subject:
Samuel

12. Angle
 The angle is the sum of 3 factors:
 1. Extract of subject/theme FOCUS
Which part of the reality
 2. Focus: Sharp, tuned,
 3. Place of view (fixed place)
 To be able to find an angle: Research
 To be able to do the story: Oral sources

13. What is the story?
 NOT something about……….
 Before shooting you must know: the 5 Ws
 What is happening? Where? When?
 Who is participating?
 Why?
- What is the problem
- Who has a problem? How big is it? (facts)
- What oral sources? Where?
- Who made a decision? What consequences?
- Why? HOW?

14. Focus
 On what am I going to concentrate
 Keep focus - it helps to eliminate distracts
 Keep focus - it helps to develop the story and find
the right sources
 Keep focus - it helps you plan/search for visuals.
Make a “shopping list”:
- Syncs (who says what) - your key-syncs
- Establishing shoots and illustrative shoots
- Action and reaction, where do I get soundbites?
- Possible “fly on the wall”-sequences
- Visual evidence for your claim(s)
- Stand up/piece to camera
- Visuals for opening and ending

15. Structure/narration

16. Treatment
 TREATMENT 1st TV- assignment
 Target group (who will be interested in seeing your
story and why?):
 Story topic/person, idea and angle (FOCUS)
 Result of research – facts and analysis (who, what,
where and why and how)
 Visual toolbox and shopping list
 Story structure (how will you tell the story - ideas)

17. Script for 2nd - 5th. assignment