TUMOR OF INFANCY & CHILDHOOD

1. INFANCY AND
CHILDHOOD TUMORS

2. CONTENTS
• Introduction
• Choriostoma
• Hamartoma
• Benign tumors
• Malignant tumors
• Erythroblastosis fetalis

3. INTRODUCTION
• Benign tumors are even more common than cancers.
• Only 2% of all malignant tumors occur in infancy and childhood.
• True tumors or neoplasms from tumorlike lesions in the infant and child

4. HETEROTOPIA OR CHORISTOMA
• It is microscopically normal cells or tissues that are present in abnormal locations.
Rest of pancreatic tissue found in the wall of the stomach or small intestine
Small mass of adrenal cells found in the kidney, lungs, or ovaries. These
heterotopic rests
• Usually of little significance, but they can be confused clinically with neoplasms.

5. HAMARTOMA
• It refers to an excessive, focal overgrowth of cells and tissues native to
the organ in which it occurs

7. HEMANGIOMA

9. LYMPHANGIOMA

11. TERATOMAS
• Teratomas may occur as benign, well-differentiated cystic lesions (mature
teratomas), as lesions of indeterminate potential (immature teratomas), or as
unequivocally malignant teratomas (usually admixed with another germ cell
tumor component such as yolk sac tumor)

12. TERATOMAS

14. MALIGNANT TUMOR

16. NEUROBLASTIC TUMOR
• Includes tumors of the
Sympathetic ganglia
 Adrenal medulla
Derived from primordial neural crest cells populating these sites.

17. NEUROBLASTIC TUMORS

18. NEUROBLASTIC TUMORS

19. NEUROBLASTOMA

20. NEUROBLASTOMA

23. NEUROBLASTOMA

26. NEUROBLASTOMA

27. WILMS TUMOR
• Also known as Nephroblastoma.
• Most common primary renal tumor of childhood and the fourth most common pediatric
malignancy in United states.
• Peak incidence is 2-5 years.
• 95% occurs before age of 10years.
• 5-10% cases involve both the kidney
Synchronous: If both kidneys affected at the same time
Metachronous: If affected one after another

28. WILMS TUMOR

29. ASSOCIATION OF WILMS TUMOR

30. WAGR SYNDROME

31. ASSOCIATION OF WILMS TUMOR

32. DENY DRASH SYNDROME

33. ASSOCIATION OF WILMS TUMOR

34. BECKWITH WEIDEMAN SYNDROME

35. WILMS TUMOR

37. WILMS TUMOR
• Triphasic combination:
• Blastemal- small round blue cell tumor
• Stromal- fibrocystic or myxoid
• Epithelial cell- Tubules or glomeruli

38. WILMS TUMOR M/E

41. WILMS TUMOR

42. HYDROPS FETALIS
• Immune hemolytic anemia which affects the fetus and newborn baby.
It is due to maternal-fetal blood group incompatibility. HDN develops
when the mother lacks an antigen that is expressed by the fetal red
cells.
• HDN may be due to incompatibility of Rh type or ABO group.

44. HYDROPS FETALIS
• Hydrops fetalis is a fatal condition characterized by the accumulation
of fluid causing generalized edema of the fetus during intrauterine
growth.
• Hydrops fetalis may also be due to nonimmune cause like
cardiovascular defects, chromosomal anomalies and fetal anemia(e.g.
α-thalassemia in which there is deletion of all four α-globin genes).

45. • Usually occur by 20 and 40 weeks of gestation leading to intrauterine
death.
• If fetus can compensate sufficiently (compensated hemolysis), the
child may be born alive with some degree of HDN