Triangulation in research refers to using multiple sources or methods to validate findings in a study. It involves cross-checking data from different sources to identify consistent patterns. There are four main types of triangulation: data triangulation uses various data sources; investigator triangulation employs multiple observers; methodological triangulation applies multiple research methods to study a single problem; and theory triangulation adopts multiple perspectives to interpret a single data set. While triangulation boosts confidence in findings and leads to innovation, it can be time consuming, expensive, and reduce realism due to practical constraints.

1. TRIANGULATION IN
RESEARCH

2. MEANING

3. Validation of data via
verification of two or
more sources

4. DEFINITION

5. “method of cross- checking
data from multiple sources
to search for regularities in
the research data”
O’ Donoghue Punch&

6. PURPOSE

7. Validity & Credibility

8. TYPES

9. 1
DATA
2
INVESTIGTOR
3
MEHODOLOGICAL
4 THEORY

10. Use of variety of
sources of data in a
study
1

12. Using multiple
observer rather than
single observer
2

14. Use of multiple
method to study a
single problem
3

16. Use multiple
perspective to interpret
a single set of data.
4

18. ADVANTAGES

19. confidence1

20. 2
Innovation

21. Unique findings3

22. DISADVANTAGES

23. Realism1

24. 2
Time consuming

25. Expensive3

26. THANK YOU