Lesson: Trends in Telecommunications

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Week4: Trends in
Telecommunications
Subject Code: COMP131
By: Marlon Jamera
Email: mjdesignexpress@gmail.com

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Review: Software Trends
• Consists of operating systems, language
translators and utility programs.
a. Application software
b. System Software
c. Hardware
d. Users

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Review: Software Trends
• It includes programming languages and
fourth generation languages.
a. Application software
b. System Software
c. Hardware
d. Users

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Review: Software Trends
• Process of predicting when hardware
system became saturated.
a. TCO (Total Cost of Ownership
b. Capacity Planning
c. Technology Service Provider
d. SOA (Service Oriented Architecture)

5. Z
Review: Software Trends
• Small businesses “rent” infrastructure
from another firm to avoid expenses of
maintaining hardware and software.
a. Using Cloud Services
b. Managing Mobile Platform
c. Managing Software Localization
d. Local Language Interface

6. Z
Review: Software Trends
• Used to analyze direct and indirect cost
to help determine the actual cost of
owning a specific technology.
a. TCO (Total Cost of Ownership)
b. SOA (Service Oriented Architecture)
c. Managing Software Localization
d. Local Language Interface

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Trends in Telecommunications

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Scope of the Lesson
• Trends in Telecommunications
• Industry Trends
• Technology Trends
• Application Trends
• Types of Telecommunication
Networks

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Learning Outcomes
By the end of the lesson, you will be
familiar with the current trends in
Telecommunications especially in
Industry, Technology and Application
trends.
• Outline the trends in
Telecommunication.
• Explain how trends in Industry,
Technology and Application work.
• Discuss thoroughly the
telecommunications network.

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Industry Trends
• Towards a greater number of competitive
vendors, carriers, alliances and
telecommunications network services.

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Technology Trends
• Towards open and interconnected local
and global digital networks for voice, data
and video, using high speed fiber-optics
and satellites.

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Application Trends
• Towards a pervasive use of the internet
enterprise and inter organizational
intranets, to support collaborative
computing, online business operations and
strategic advantage in local and global.

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Communication
• The message (data information) is
communicated via the signal. The
transmission medium “carries” the signal.

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Telecommunications
• The electronic transmission of signals for
communications, including such means as
telephone, radio and television.
• Telecommunication Medium:
• Anything that carries an electronic
signals and interfaces between a
sending device and a receiving device.

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Data Communications
• A specialized subset of
telecommunications that refers to the
electronic collection, processing and
distribution of data – typically between
computer system hardware devices.

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Computer Network
• The communications media, devices and
software needed to connect two or more
computer systems and or devices.
• Used to share hardware, programs and
databases across the organization.
• Fosters teamwork, innovative ideas and
new business strategies.

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Types of
Telecommunication Media
• Twisted Pair Wire Cable
• Insulated pairs of wires historically
used in telephone service and connect
computer devices.

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Types of
Telecommunication Media
• Coaxial Cable
• Consists of an inner conductor wire
surrounded by insulation, called the
dielectric. The dielectric is surrounded
by a conductive shield. Coaxial cable
has better data transmission rate than
twisted pair.

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Types of
Telecommunication Media
• Fiber Optic Cable
• Many extremely thin strands of glass
or plastic bound together in a sheathing
which transmit signals with light
beams. Can be used for voice, data and
video.

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Types of
Telecommunication Media
• Microwave Telecommunications
• Line of sight devices which must be
placed in relatively high locations.
• Microwave Usage
• Information is converted to a
microwave signal, sent through the air
to a receiver, and recovered.

21. Z
Types of
Telecommunication Media
• Microwave Telecommunications

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Types of
Telecommunication Media
• Satellite Transmission
• Communication satellites are relay
stations that receive signals from one
station and rebroadcast them to another.

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Types of
Telecommunication Media
• Satellite Transmission

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Types of
Telecommunication Media
• Cellular Transmission
• Signals from cells are transmitted to a
receiver and integrated into the regular
network.

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Types of
Telecommunication Media
• Infrared Transmission
• Involves sending signals through the
air via light waves.
• Requires line-of-sight and short
distance.
• Used to connect various computing
devices such as handheld computers.

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Telecommunication System
• Telecommunication Devices
• Relay signals between computer
systems and transmission media.
• Analog Signals
• E.g. Electricity Current
• Digital Signals
• E.g. A signal represents by bits.
• Modems
• Device that translate from digital to
analog and analog to digital.

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Devices: Modems
• Modulates a digital signal into an
analog signal for transmission via
analog medium, then demodulates the
signal into digital for receiving.

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Devices: Multiplexer
• Allows several telecommunication
signals to be transmitted over a single
communications medium at the same
time.

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Types of Data Processing
• Centralized Processing
• Date processing that occurs in a
single location and facility.
• Distributed Processing
• Data processing that occurs when
computers are placed at remote
locations but are connected to each
other via telecommunication device.
• The computers are connected as a
computer network.

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Types of
Telecommunication Networks
• Topology
• A model that describes how
computers are connected.
• A logical model that describes how
networks are structured or
configured.

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Network Types
• Structured
• Ring
• Bus
• Star
• Hierarchical
• Hybrid
• Unstructured
• Mobile Adhoc Network (MANET)

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Network Topologies
• Ring
• A topology that contains computers and
computer devices placed in a ring.
• Bus
• Computers and computer devices are
on a single line. Each device can
communicate directly to all devices on
the bus.
• Star
• All computers are connected via central
hub.

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Network Topologies
• Hierarchical
• Uses tree-like structures with
massages passed along the branches
of the hierarchy.
• Hybrid
• A mix of different kinds of structured
topologies. It is what exactly the
internet looks like.
• Mobile Adhoc Network
• Structure is changing dynamically.
E.g. Network of mobile phones.

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Network Topologies
• Mobile Adhoc Network
• Network doesn’t have specific
topology.
• Each computer in the network is
moving around without locating in a
fixed location.
• Sending and receiving messages are
difficulty problems.

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Network Topologies
• Mobile Adhoc Network

36. Z
Network Topologies
Hierarchy

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Network Types by Size
• Local Area Network (LAN)
• Connects computer systems and
devices in the same geographic area
(can be ring, bus, star, hybrid,
hierarchical)
• Wide Area Network (WAN)
• Ties together large geographic regions
using microwave and satellites
transmission or telephone lines.
• International Network
• Links systems between countries.

38. Z
Network Types by Size
• Local Area Network (LAN)

39. Z
Network Types by Size
• Wide Area Network (WAN)

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Communication Software
• Communication Software
• Provides error checking, message
formatting, communications logs, data
security and privacy and translation
capabilities for networks.
• Network Operating System (NOS)
• Systems software that controls the
computer systems and devices on a
network and allows them to
communicate with each other.

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Communication Software
• Network Management Software
• Enables the manager on a networked
desktop to monitor the use of
individual computers and shared
hardware, scan for viruses, and
ensure compliance with the software
licenses.

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Protocols
• Rules that ensure communications
among computers of different types and
from different manufacturer.
• Rules that determine the form of signal
being transmitted, encoded, error
detection and correction.

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Protocols
• OSI 7-Layers Model
• OSI (Open System Interconnect)
• Serves as a standard model for network
architectures and is endorsed by the
international standard committee.
Communication functions are
represented in seven layers to promote
the development of modular networks.
Designed to permit communication
among different computers from
different operating systems.

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Protocols
• Transmission Control Protocol (TCP/IP)
• Standard originally developed by the
US government to link defense research
agencies; it is the primary
communication protocol of the internet.

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The 7 Layers OSI Model
and the TCP/IP

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Let’s call it a day,
Thank you!