Trauma Assessment Introduction
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[1] The document provides guidance on performing a trauma assessment, beginning with scene size-up and BSI, then moving through primary assessment of airway, breathing, circulation, disability, and exposure. [2] Key steps highlighted include assessing level of consciousness, identifying life threats, controlling bleeding, treating for shock, and obtaining a SAMPLE history. [3] A full trauma assessment involves examining the head, neck, chest, abdomen, pelvis, and extremities as well as taking vital signs like blood pressure, pulse, and respirations. The assessment should be repeated and injuries reassessed.
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Some slides are taken from different textbooks of medicine like Davidson, Kumar and Clark and Oxford, and some from other presentations made by respected tutors. I'm barely responsible for compilation of various resources per my interest. These resources are free for use, and I do not claim any copyright. Hoping knowledge remains free for all, forever.
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Trauma Assessment Introduction
- 1. Trauma Assessment Guide to passing the Trauma Assessment skill station.
- 2. BSI and Scene Size Up • BSI – Never forget it! • Scene safety – When is the Scene Safe? • Mechanism of Injury – The Wow Factor! • Number of Patients – Never leave a Patient behind! • Additional Units – Do you need help? • Spinal Immobilization – Consider it
- 3. Primary Assessment DEAD PEOPLE DO NOT NEED ARMS AN LEGS What is your impression of the Patient? Don’t just think it say it! Is the Patient Conscious or Unconscious? How responsive is your Conscious Patient? What are they telling You is their Chief Complaint? What life threats do you SEE, or FEEL?
- 4. Open and Secure the Airway. Reposition the airway if necessary! Breathing is ! Rate, Depth, and Quality! A little O2 will not hurt anyone!! Do not compromise the airway once it is secure!!! REASSESS THE AIRWAY PAY ATTENTION!!!!
- 5. THE ABC cont. A pulse is a sign of circulation. The farther away from the heart you can find a pulse the better! Skin color and temperature is a good sign of perfusion. Pink, Warm, and Dry is Good. Blue Cool and Sweaty is Bad. Blood belongs in the vascular system. Anywhere else can be categorized as leading to a bad outcome. Control Bleeding Quickly with Direct Pressure!
- 6. Shock Treatment. A Patient in Shock WILL become a Patient in the Morgue if not treated EXPEDIENTLY. Keep them Warm! They will need O2! Raise the Feet to Raise the Blood Pressure! Determine the GCS! Can you treat on scene? Do they need transport to a Trauma Center?
- 7. Obtain a SAMPLE history. • Signs and Symptoms • Allergies • Medications • Past Medical History • Last Oral Intake • Events Leading up to Injury
- 8. Trauma Assessment Touch your Patient!! • HEAD = Skull, Eyes, Ears, Nose, and Mouth. • NECK = Tracheal Deviation ? Jugular Veins-Full or Flat ? Palpate C-Spine. • Chest = Stable ? Breath Sounds ? • Abdomen = Soft or Rigid ? Pain from Pressure ? • Pelvis = Stable ? Assess the Genitals if Pelvic Injury is suspected.
- 9. • Upper and Lower Extremities Look for Obvious Fractures Feel for the Hidden Injuries Male or Female If they can’t tell you they are OK assume they are not! • FIND a PULSE the farther from the Heart the better. Don’t forget your feet have a pulse. • The Spine Runs from the base of your Skull to middle of your Buttocks. Find the Spine and Feel the Spine!
- 10. VITALS ARE VITAL • Blood Pressure if they are Alert and Oriented get a Blood Pressure. • If they are Unconscious get a Blood Pressure • Buy a Watch Count the Pulse and then Count the Respirations. • Don’t STOP now! Look for Injuries you may have missed and deal with them. • Reassess-Repeat-Reassess
Editor's Notes
- Always wear Gloves no exceptions Do you need PD? Do you need additional units?Falls from three times