Traffic congestion occurs when too many vehicles are on the road, exceeding the available road capacity. There are two main types: recurring congestion from typical high-volume traffic levels, and non-recurring congestion from accidents, weather, or other incidents. Causes of congestion include rapid population growth and vehicle ownership, inadequate road infrastructure, improper traffic planning, and illegal parking. This leads to negative effects like wasted time and fuel, increased accidents and emissions, and economic losses. Possible solutions proposed include expanding public transportation, reducing private vehicle use through taxes and fees, improving infrastructure, and better traffic management.

1. TRAFFIC CONGESTION AND ITS EFFECTS
AND THEIR POSSIBLE SOLUTION
SUMIT
SUMAN

2. CONGESTION :
• Congestion usually occurs when there are too many cars for the available road space.
• Congestion is a situation in which demands of road width for exceed supply.
• Traffic congestion is condition on road network that occurs as use increase, and is
characterized by slower, speeds, longer trip times.
• TYPES OF CONGESTION
A.T.D.T. there are two types of congestion.
1. Recurring : There are more vehicles travelling at a given time than can physically fit.
2. Non-recurring : “Temporary Disruptions” in travel, such as bad weather or a vehicle
collision, events, etc.

3. Under these two types of traffic congestion, we’ll look on this four more
specific categories:
1. Mechanical (non-recurring):the person failed to properly maintain the
vehicle’s tires, this is not always the case
2. Human (non-recurring): The all-too-common cause of traffic is humans.
From distracted or drunk driving to drowsy driving or emotional driving,
3. Environment (non-recurring): . From rainy or foggy weather, to the extreme
snowstorm that stops drivers in their tracks, weather has an
uncontrollable affect on not just traffic but road conditions as well
4. Infrastructure (recurring) : From potholes that cause slowdowns to
bottlenecks in areas that out-populated their roadways, infrastructure is
the hidden troll that amplifies traffic problems in many urban and
suburban areas

4. MECHANICAL
ENVIRONMENT INFRASTRUCTURE
HUMAN

5. CAUSES OF TRAFFIC CONGESTION
 Rapid growth of population, due to this increase no.of vehicles annually.
 Small roads for the number of car and motor cycle.
 Traffic congestion in the vicinity of schools peaks for a period of
approximately an hour before classes commence and for a similar period at
the end of the school day.
 Due to poor the traffic management.
 Random Parking.
 Physical uses of road network by vehicle increase.
 Improper traffic planning.

6.  Traffic congestion in the vicinity of schools peaks for a period of
approximately an hour before classes commence and for a similar period
at the end of the school day.
 Poor road condition,
 Lack of Infrastructure.
 Broken road- people do not moves from the broken parts of the road.
 Road Capacity.
 Illegally parking.
 Drop off and Pick up.

7. NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF TRAFFIC CONGESTION
 Wasting time of motorists and passengers. As a non-productive activity
for most people, congestion reduce.
More accident.
 Wear and tear on vehicles as a result of idling in traffic and frequent
acceleration and braking, leading to more frequent repairs and
replacements.
 Stressed and frustrated motorists, encouraging road rage and reduced
health of motorists
 Emergencies: blocked traffic may interfere with the passage of emergency
vehicles traveling to their destinations where they are urgently needed.

8.  Higher chance of collisions due to tight spacing and constant stopping-
and-going.
 Spillover effect from congested main arteries to secondary roads and side
streets as alternative routes are attempted ('rat running'), which may affect
neighborhood amenity and real estate prices.
 Delays, which may result in late arrival for employment, meetings, and
education, resulting in lost business, disciplinary action or other personal
losses.
 Inability to forecast travel time accurately, leading to drivers allocating
more time to travel "just in case", and less time on productive activities.
 Wasted fuel increasing air pollution and carbon dioxide emissions owing to
increased idling, acceleration and braking.

9. EFFECTS ON
 SOCIAL
 Reduction in transport speed.
 Reduced travel speed.
 Infrastructure overload.
 ENVIRONMENTAL
 The impact of exhaust emission on human health.
 Depletion of Ozone layer.
 Traffic noise.
 ECONOMICS
 Time losses cause direct economic losses.

10. POSSIBLE WAY TO REDUCE TRAFFIC CONGESTION
STEPS FOR GOVT.
 Increase the number of public
transport. e.g.- Bus, etc.
 Lower the price of ticket, special
offer for student, women & senior
citizen.
 Higher taxes for using multiple
vehicles.
 Raise toll taxes to reduce congestion
 Update all tolls with fast tag payment.
INDIVIDUAL STEPS:
 Minimize the use of private
vehicles.
 Avoid use of vehicle for short
distance.
 We can come up with data based
solution for our bus municipality.
 Raise parking rate.