The presentation by Toine Spapens (Tilburg University) provides an overview of some findings from the TRACE project.

1. @TRACE_EU http://trace-project.eu
Toine Spapens, Ana-MariaTamas, Aija Lulle, Hugo Durieux,Vineta
Polatside, Cristina Dragota, Angelos Constantinou

2.  Cyprus police.
 National Agency ofTrafficking Against Persons
(Romania).
 Free University of Brussels.
 Council of the Baltic Sea States,Task Force
againstTrafficking in Human Beings.
 Tilburg University (the Netherlands).
 Cases: the Netherlands, Romania, Cyprus,
Sweden, Latvia.
@TRACE_EU http://trace-project.eu

3.  Sexual exploitation.
 Labour exploitation.
 Forced begging.
 Forcing persons to commit other crimes.
@TRACE_EU http://trace-project.eu

4. @TRACE_EU http://trace-project.eu
Business process
Material/Control
Financial
Other criminal
activities
Actors
Perpetrators
Victims
Broader criminal
Network/markets
Micro
Macro

5. @TRACE_EU http://trace-project.eu
Recruitment
Transport
Housing
Exploitation
C
O
N
T
R
O
L
M
O
N
E
Y
F
L
O
W

6. @TRACE_EU http://trace-project.eu

7. @TRACE_EU http://trace-project.eu
Type of trafficking Combination with other criminal
activities
Percentage
Sexual exploitation None 87,0%
Social security fraud 0,8%
Drug trafficking/production 2,0%
Property crimes 1,2%
Sexual and labour exploitation 0,4%
Labour exploitation None 4.3%
Human smuggling 1,6%
Tax fraud 0,4%
Forced begging/crimes None 0,4%
Cannabis cultivation 1,2%
Fraud 0,4%
Property crimes 0,4%
Total 100%

8.  Trafficking is mostly organised by individuals
and small and specialised groups.
 The larger part of the traffickers involved in
sexual and labour exploitation are not at the
same time active on other crime markets.
 If they commit other crimes, these are usually
functional for the trafficking process (e.g.
violent crimes, child’s pornography).
@TRACE_EU http://trace-project.eu

9.  Street gangs / ‘lover boys’
 Multi-tasking criminal groups -> via network
contacts
 ‘Mafia-type’ criminal organisations and
OMCGs
@TRACE_EU http://trace-project.eu

10. @TRACE_EU http://trace-project.eu