The presentation concerns the TRACE findings on the environment of human trafficking.

1. Brussels,April 2016
@TRACE_EU http://trace-project.eu

2. The crime
does not
happen in
a vacuum
Law
Communities
Technology
RiskOpportunities
Politics
Economic
/ Social
factors
@TRACE_EU http://trace-project.eu

3.  Orgnised crime
 Small groups /
individuals
 White collar crime
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4.  Supply and demand  criminal organisations as
business enterprises
 Becker highlighted, a criminal is
not simply engaging in deviant
behaviour but instead acts on
rational considerations of costs
and benefits. In other words
individuals maximise welfare,
where welfare is not just
income but can also derive
from pleasure or the thrill of
deviancy. (Becker, Gary. Crime
and Punishment: An Economic
Approach. Journal of Political
Economy 76, 1968, pp. 169-217.)
@TRACE_EU http://trace-project.eu

5.  Trafficking in human beings does not only involve a
material business process but also people who are
willing and able to execute one or more parts of it.
 crime is a very labour-intensive and personal event. So criminal entrepreneurs are
obliged to invest in human relationships.
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6.  Agreed that the trafficking process consists of an
act (of recruitment) through the use of a means,
with the aim of exploitation.
 However there remain ambiguities and problems:
 Exploitation
 Identification
 Corporate liability
 Compensation
 Non-prosecution or non-punishment
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7.  A diverse and perplexed landscape
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8. @TRACE_EU http://trace-project.eu
Julia Muraszkiewicz,
PhD candidate atVrije Universiteit Brussels
julia.muraszkiewicz@vub.ac.be