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Helmi is liable for public nuisance, private nuisance, and under strict liability for the bonfire that spread and caused damage. For public nuisance, Helmi negligently left the bonfire unattended, obstructing a highway and committing an environmental offence. For private nuisance, the bonfire smoke substantially and unreasonably interfered with the neighbor's enjoyment of their land. For strict liability, the bonfire was a dangerous thing Helmi intentionally stored that escaped and damaged the neighbor's property. Helmi can be sued by the Attorney General, local authorities, private individuals with consent, and the neighbors who suffered special damages.





























