Computers perform four main functions: input, processing, output, and storage. Input devices like keyboards and touchscreens allow entering data, while output devices such as monitors, printers, and speakers display or present information to the user. Processing is handled by the central processing unit (CPU), while data is stored either locally in memory or on storage devices like hard drives or remotely in the cloud. Ensuring proper ergonomics is also important for health and comfort when working with computers.

1. Chapter 2
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Looking at Computers:
Understand the Parts

2. Computers are Data Processing Devices
Computer performs four major funtions:
1. Input (Gathers data, allow entering data)
2. Process (Manipulates, calculates or organizing data
3. Output (Displays data or information)
4. Storage (Saves data and information)
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Understanding Your Computer

3. ● Symbols that represent facts, objects and ideas.
● Individual, raw and unprocessed facts.
Data
3
Data/Information
● Data which has been processed into a useful form
Information

4. List of student in Malaysia
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List of MAHSA Student in Diploma

5. 5
Bit
Binary digit
0 or 1
Byte
Unique combination of 4-8 bits of 0s and 1s
Kilobytes, Megabytes, Gigabytes, Terabytes and Petabytes
Binary :
The Language of Computers

6. 6

7. Types of Computers
● Cellphones
● Tablets
● Laptops
● Desktop
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8. Input Devices
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Used to enter data and instructions
Examples:
v Keyboard
v Touch Screen
v Stylus
v Virtual Keyboard
Physical Keyboards and Touch Screen

9. 9
Movement
Examples:
v Mouse
v Touchpad / Trackpad
v Game controllers
Mice and Other Pointing Devices

10. 1 0
Popular for images
v Digital cameras
v Camcorders
v Mobile cameras
v Flatbed scanners
v Webcams
Image, Sound and Sensor Input
Popular for sound
v Microphone with voice
recognition software
Sensors

11. 1 1
Output Devices
Send dara out of the computer in the form of:
v Text
v Pictures
v Sounds
v Video
Examples:
v Monitors
v Printers
v Speakers / Headphone / Earphone
Image and Audio Output

12. 1 2
Types of display screens
v LCD – Liquid crystal display
v LED – Light-emitting diode
v OLED – Organic light-emitting diode
How they work
v Pixels
v Aspect ratio
v Resolution
Image and Audio Output

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Speakers
v Output device for sound
v Surround– sound speakers
v Wireless speaker systems
Headphones or earphones
v Hearing might be damaged by excessive
volume when using earbuds
Image and Audio Output

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Output Devices
Inkjet
v Affordable
v High quality colour
v Quick and quite
Laser:
v Faster printing speed
v Higher quality printouts
v More expensive
Printers

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Cloud ready printers
All in one printer
v Print, scan, copy and fax
Large format printer
v Print over size images
3D Printer
Printers

16. Processing and Memory on the Motherboard
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The Motherboard and Memory
Motherboard
v CPU
v ROM, RAM and cache
v Slots for expansion cards
v Sound / video cards
v NIC - Network interface card

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Processing
CPU - Central processing unit or processor
v Brains of the computer
v Controls all functions of the computer’s components
v Processes all commands and instructions
v Gigahertz (billions of tasks per second)
CPU performance measures
v Processor speed measured in hertz (Hz)
o Gigahertz (GHz)
v Number of cores
o Single
o Dual
o Quad
o Ten

18. Storing Data and Information
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Local storage devices
v Hard disk drive
o Primary disk drive
o Nonvolatile storage
o Internal drive
o External hard drive
v SSD – Solid State Drive
Storage Options on Computing Devices
Portable storage options
v Flash drive
v Flash memory card

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Portable storage options
v Flash drive
v Flash memory card
Cloud storage
v Files stored on the
Internet
v Some amount is free
v Can purchase additional
storage

20. 20
Connection Peripherals to the
Computer Port
Thunderbolt
v Transfer speeds up to 40Gbps
Universal serial bus (USB) port
v Transfer speeds of 10Gbps
Connectivity port
v Ethernet port
v Up to 10000 Mbps
HDMI port

21. 21
Power Management and Ergonomics
q Battery drain
q Power supply
q Sleep mode
q Warm/Cold boot
q HIbernate
Power Controls and Power Management

22. 22
q Ergonomics
q Guidelines
§ Monitor position
§ Adjustable chair
§ Proper typing position
§ Breaks
§ Adequate lighting
q Assistive (adaptive) technologies
• Voice recognition or special keyboards for visually
impaired
• Special trackballs for users with motor control issues
Setting It All Up : Ergonomics

23. Thank you!
NUR FATIHAH RAHIM NORDIN
nurfatihah@mahsa.edu.my
013-2124223
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