2. After iron supplementation for iron
deficiency anemia,
-the reticulocyte count should double in 1
to 2 weeks,
-and hemoglobin should increase by 1
g/dL in 2 to 4 weeks.
-The most common reason for persistence
of iron deficiency anemia is poor
compliance with supplementation.
3. After age 7 years, nocturnal
enuresis
(which affects 10% of children at
that age)
resolves spontaneously at a rate of
approximately 15% per year, so that
by age 15 years about 1% to 2% of
teenagers are still affected.
4. While leukemias constitute
the most common group of
pediatric cancer diagnoses
overall,
neuroblastomas are the most
commonly occurring cancer in
children <1 year of age.
5. Coughing and choking
(witnessed or by history)
occur in 80% to 90% of children with
suspected foreign body aspiration,
which highlights the importance of
questioning about choking in a
child who is evaluated for cough
6. The most common worldwide
cause of chronic gastrointestinal
(GI) blood loss is
hookworm infection, which
is often associated with iron
deficiency anemia.
7. Neonates with midline lumbosacral
lesions
(e.g., sacral pits, hypertrichosis, lipomas)
above the gluteal crease should have
screening imaging of the spine
performed to search for occult spinal
dysraphism.
8. The most identifiable cause of
microscopic hematuria is
hypercalciuria,
defined as elevated urinary
calcium excretion without
concomitant hypercalcemia.
9. Always consider ovarian torsion in the
differential diagnosis of abdominal
pain in girls,
particularly during the ages of 9 to 14
years,
when ovarian cysts as potential lead
points are more common because of
the maturing reproductive hormonal
axis.
10. Because irreversible histologic
changes can develop in 4 to 8
hours after the onset of testicular
torsion,
timely diagnosis is critical.
Testicular salvage rates are <10%
if symptom duration is 24 hours.
11. The Most umbilical hernias <0.5 cm
spontaneously close before a patient
is 2 years old.
A hernia >2 cm may still close
spontaneously,
but it may take up to 6 years.
12. Consider the use of prostaglandin E1
to maintain the patency of the ductus
arteriosus in a newborn <1 month
who presents in shock with evidence
of CHF and cyanosis because of the
possibility of a ductal-dependent
cardiac lesion, such as hypoplastic
left heart syndrome.
13. Older children with unexplained
unilateral deformities of an extremity
(e.g., pes cavus)
should have screening magnetic
resonance imaging to evaluate for
intraspinal disease.
15. The two essential features of
autism are
(1) impaired social interaction
and social communication and
(2) restricted and repetitive
patterns of behavior.
16. Syncope is more likely to be of a
cardiac nature if there is sudden
onset without prior dizziness or
awareness, occurrence during
exercise, history of palpitations
before fainting,
syncope results in an injury from a
fall, and/or a positive family history of
sudden death.
17. The earliest evidence of
nephropathy in patients with type
1 diabetes mellitus is
microalbuminuria, which is the
presence of small quantities of
albumin in the urine, preferably
measured in a first morning
sample.
18. most common cause of
persistent seizures is
an inadequate serum
antiepileptic level.
19. An infant with vomiting+
lethargy+ hypoglycemia and
no ketones on urinalysis
should be evaluated for
a fatty-acid oxidation defect.
