This document provides an overview of English grammar structures including: - Verb tenses like present simple, present continuous, past, future, and perfect tenses. - Modal verbs like can, could, will, would, shall, should, must, may, might, need, ought to, have to. - Question words and question formation. - Passive voice. - Relative clauses. - Conditionals. - There is/there are. - Demonstrative adjectives and pronouns. - Tag questions. It defines the structures, provides examples, and notes affirmative, negative, and interrogative forms.

1. TO BE
Affirmative: S+BE+C
Negative: S+BE+NOT+C
Interrogative: BE+S+C+?
ANSWER SHORT: YES,BE+P
NO,BEN´T+P
PRESENTE CONTINUO O
PROGRESIVO
Affirmative: S+BE+VING +C
Negative: S+BE+ VING +NOT+C
Interrogative: BE+S VING ++C+?
ANSWER SHORT: YES,BE+P
NO,BEN´T+P
PRESENTE SIMPLE
Affirmative: S+V+C
Negative: S+DO/DOES+NOT+V+C
Interrogative: DO/DOES +S+C+?
ANSWER SHORT: YES, DO/DOES +P
NO,DON´T/DOESN´T +P
QUESTIONS WORD MACHT
QUESTION WORD + VERBO TO BE +
SUJETO + COMPLEMENTOS?
Ej: Where are you from? I am from Spain
QUESTION WORD + DO/DOES +
SUJETO +V´+ COMPLEMENTOS?
WHEN DO YOU DO THE HOMEWORK

2. WHAT: ¿QUÉ?
WHEN: ¿CUÁNDO?
WHERE: ¿DÓNDE?
WHY: ¿POR QUÉ?
HOW? ¿CÓMO?
WHO? ¿QUIÉN?
HOW MUCH ? ¿CUÁNTO? (OBJETOS
INCONTABLES)
HOW MANY? ¿CUÁNTO? (OBJETOS
CONTABLES)
WHAT TIME? ¿A QUÉ HORA? WHOSE?
¿DE QUIÉN?
THERE IS / THERE ARE: HAY
AFIRMATIVAS: THERE IS/ ARE +
COMPLEMENTOS
Ej: There is a new boy in my classroom.
NEGATIVAS: THERE IS/ ARE NOT +
COMPLEMENTOS:
Ej: There aren’t books on the table.
INTERROGATIVAS: IS / ARE THERE +
COMPLEMENTOS?
RESPUESTA CORTA: YES,IS/ARE+THERE
NO,ISN´T/AREN´T+THERE
TO HAVE
Affirmative: S+HAVE/HAS+C
Negative: S+ HAVE/HAS +NOT+C
Interrogative: HAVE/HAS +S+C+?
ANSWER SHORT: YES, HAVE/HAS +P
NO, HAVEN´T/HAS N´T+P
ADJETIVOS / PRONOMBRES
DEMOSTRATIVOS:
SINGULAR:
THIS: ESTE/ ESTA/ESTO: (Para referirse a
objetos cercanos al hablante)
THAT: ESE/ ESA/ ESO /
AQUEL/AQUELLA/AQUELLO (Objetos que están
lejos de la persona que habla) PLURAL:
THESE: ESTOS / ESTAS (Objetos cercanos)

3. THOSE: ESOS/ ESAS/ AQUELLOS/AQUELLAS
(Objetos lejanos)
CAN
Affirmative: S+CAN+V+C
Negative: S+CAN+NOT+V+C
Interrogative: CAN+S+V+C+?
ANSWER SHORT: YES,CAN+P
NO,CAN´T+P8b
BE ABLE TO
Affirmative: S+BE+ABLE TO+V +C
Negative: S+BEN´T+ ABLE TO +V+C
Interrogative: BE+S ABLE TO+V+C+?
ANSWER SHORT: YES,BE+P
NO,BEN´T+P
PAST TO BE
Affirmative: S+ WAS/WERE +C
Negative: S+ WAS/WERE +NOT+C
Interrogative: WAS/WERE +S+C+?
ANSWER SHORT: YES, WAS/WERE +P
NO, WASN´T/WERE N´T+P
PAST CONTINUO O PROGRESIVO
Affirmative: S+WAS/WERE+VING +C
Negative: S+ WAS/WERE + VING +NOT+C
Interrogative: WAS/WERE +S+ VING +C+?
ANSWER SHORT: YES, WAS/WERE +P
NO, WASN´T/WEREN´T +P

4. FUTURO SIMPLE
Affirmative: S+ WILL+VPRESENTE +C
Negative: S+ WILL +NOT+VPRESENTE+C
Interrogative: WILL+S++VPRESENTE C+?
ANSWER SHORT: YES, WILL +P
NO, WILL NOT+P
FUTURO IDIOMATIVO
Affirmative: S+BE+GOING TO+V +C
Negative:
S+ BE +NOT+GOING + VPRESENTE+NOT+C
Interrogative:
BE+S+ GOING TO+VPRESENTE+C+?
ANSWER SHORT: YES, BE +P
NO,BE´NOT+P
PRESENTE PERFECTO
Affirmative: S+HAVE/HAS+VPARTICIPO+C
Negative:
S+ HAVE/HAS +NOT +VPARTICIPO +C
Interrogative
HAVE/HAS +S+ VPARTICIPO +C+?
ANSWER SHORT: YES, HAVE/HAS +P
NO, HAVEN´T/HAS N´T+P
Pasado PERFECTO
Affirmative: S+HAD+VPARTICIPO+C
Negative S+ HAD+NOT +VPARTICIPO +C
Interrogative: HAD +S+ VPARTICIPO +C+?
ANSWER SHORT: YES, HAD+P
NO, HAD+NOT+P

5. CLAUSULAS RELATIVAS
EXPLICATIVAS: S+V+C,S+V+C,S+V+C
I have two brothers and one sister. My sister
who lives in Jalapa, has three children
ESPECIFICAS:S+V+C+PRONOMBRE+V+
C
The book that I gave you was about insets
PRONOMBRES(WHO, WHICH,WHAT
,THAT,WHOM WHOSE, WHERE WHEN, HOW
ETC
TAG QUESTION
S+V+C, V AUXILIAR
+PRONOMBRE+?
Example
Alicya is so cute, isn´t she?
Alicia isn´t so cute, is she?
PAST FUTURO SIMPLE (condicional)
Affirmative:
S+ WOULD+VPRESENTE +C
Negative:
S+ WOULDN´T+NOT+VPRESENTE+C
Interrogative:
WOULD+S++VPRESENTE C+?
ANSWER SHORT: YES, WOULD +P
NO, WOULD+ NOT+P
PAST FUTURO IDIOMATIVO
Affirmative:
S+WAS/WERE+GOING TO+V +C
Negative:
S+ WASN´T/WEREN´T+GOING +
VPRESENTE+NOT+C
Interrogative:
WAS/WERE+S+ GOING
TO+VPRESENTE+C+?
ANSWER SHORT: YES, WAS/WERE+P
NO,WASN´T/WEREN´T+P

6. Conditionals
ZERO: S+VPRESENTE+C,S+VPRESENTE+C
FIRST S+VPRESENTE+C, S+WILL+VPRESENTE+C
SECOND: S+VPASADO+C,S+WOULD+VPRESENTE+C
THIRD:
S+HAD+VPARTICIPIO+C,S+WOULD+HAVE+VPARTICIPIO+C
Voz pasiva: s+v+c
Voz active: s+be+vparticipio+c

7. Verbos auxiliaries
CAN/COULD
WILL/WOULD
SHALL/SHOULD
MUST
MAY/MIGHT
NEED /NEEDED
OUGHTA TO
HAVE TO /HAD TO

8. Estrutura para todos los verbos auxiliares
Affirmative: S+VAUXILIAR+VPRINCIPAL+V +C
Negative: S+VAUXILIAR+VPRINCIPAL+V +C
Interrogative Vauxiliar+S VPRINCIPALTO+V+C+?
ANSWER SHORT: YES, VAUXILIAR+P
NO,VAUXILIAR+P
Estrutura para todos los verbos auxiliares
Affirmative: S+VAUXILIAR+HAVE+VPARTICIPIO+V +C
Negative: S+VAUXILIAR+HAVE+VPARTICIPIO+V +C
Interrogative
Vauxiliar+S +HAVEVPRINCIPALTO+V+C+?
ANSWER SHORT: YES, VAUXILIAR+P
NO,VAUXILIAR+P